各向异性媒质中光子带隙结构色散特性的时域伪谱法分析

本文采用时域伪谱(PSTD)法分析复杂媒质中的光子带隙(PBG)结构,建立了电磁波色散特性的统一数学模型,经数值计算绘出色散曲线.在各向同性媒质情况下所得的曲线,与时域有限差分法及平面波展开法的结果相一致.在各向异性媒质情况下,能展宽原各向同性媒质PBG结构的第一阻带、并增多阻带条数.     

色散媒质覆盖导电体的瞬时散射

本文提出了修正的时域有限差分法（ＦＤＴＤ）来分析计算色散媒质中瞬变场问题，并采用普郎尼近似法使时域卷积可转化为违推计算，是充分利用现代计算机技术解决时域和宽带电磁场问题的一种有效手段。同时运用此方法对色散媒质中及色散媒质覆盖的导体目标瞬时域散射场进行了计算和分析，直观可靠地反映了其特性，并与传统的（非色散）ＦＤＴＤ方法计算的结果进行了比较，差别是显而易见的，为此必须重视色散媒质对瞬变场分析的影响。     

瞬变电磁波在色散媒质中的传播与散射

色散媒质中瞬变电磁波的传播与散射等问题的计算分析是比较困难的，特别是在时域直接分析更加困难，本文采用时域的有限差分析来分析色散媒质中的瞬变场能直观可靠地反映其特性，为色散媒质中瞬变场的分析与研究和对目标识别，电磁兼容和隐形技术等领域的理论及应用研究提供了一种简便有效的数值计算方法。     

N阶色散媒质的瞬态散射特性

本文提出了Ｎ阶色散媒质瞬态特性的时域分析方法，结合Ｚ变换对常规的时域有限差分（ＦＤＴＤ）法进行了修正，改进后的ＦＤＴＤ法能分析和与频率有关的电磁场问题，具有方法简洁、易实现等优点。为验证此方法的有效性和可靠性，对Ｎ阶色散媒质的反向系数进行了分析与计算，并与已知的解析结果进行了比较，同时，采用此时域方法对Ｎ阶色散媒质和导体覆盖Ｎ阶色散媒质散射场进行了计算和分析。     

色散媒质中的完全匹配层吸收边界

将Ａ．Ｐ．Ｚｈａｏ提出的与媒质无关的完全匹配层吸收边界推广到色散媒质中,推导出了用于色散媒质的无反射完全匹配条件。并对导电媒质进行了数值实验,结果十分理想。与Ｑ．Ｈ．Ｌｉｕ的方法相比,该方法可以应用到更复杂的媒质中。而与Ｓ．Ｄ．Ｇｅｄｎｅｙ的各向异性媒质吸收层相比,在角区的处理要简单得多,更适合于时域有限差分法,对于三维问题更是如此。     

浅层地下目标时域电磁散射问题的数值模拟

本文用时域有限差分法(FD-TD法)计算了浅层地下目标的时域电磁散射。在地下色散媒质的参数r()和r()都是以Debye方程表示时,推出了FD-TD法的迭代分式,并给出了相应的吸收边界条件。通过将FD-TD法计算的结果与其它结果相比较,证实了该方法对计算有耗媒质中电磁场问题的有效性。对瞬态脉冲在色散媒质中的传播特性进行了讨论。分别计算了典型地下目标的时域散射波形和波形堆积图。     

一种适用于任意色散媒质的新型FDTD方法研究

本文提出一种新的适用于各种复杂色散媒质的时域有限差分法,将色散媒质表征为一组无限冲激响应滤波器(IIR),由此导出基于介电常数和导电系数的时域有限差分方程,并对算法的稳定性条件和数值色散关系进行分析.这种改进的FDTD能分析与频率有关的电磁场问题.为验证该方法的有效性和可靠性,本文用冲激响应不变法设计IIR滤波器模拟色散媒质,并对高斯脉冲入射色散媒质的情况进行数值模拟,结果与解析值完全吻合.     

介质色散特性的ⅡR数字滤波器模拟及其在FDTD上的应用

在用时域有限差分法（FDTD）分析色散媒质电磁问题过程中,采用无限冲激响应滤波器模拟媒质的色散特性,讨论了包括冲激响应不变法和双线性变换法等滤波器设计方法在这一新领域中的应用。改进的FDTD法利用成熟的数字信号处理技术分析处理了色散媒质瞬变电磁场问题,为数字信号处理技术在时域电磁场分析领域的应用提供了新的思路。为验证此方法的有效性和可靠性,分别用滤波器系统模拟了不同色散媒质。并在此基础上用FDTD对色散媒质电磁问题进行了分析计算,同时验证了结果。     

脉冲探地雷达的模拟计算

本文在给出Debye型色散媒质中2．5维时域有限差分法（2．5D－FDTD法）迭代公式的基础上，对无载频脉冲波在不同色散媒质中的传播特性进行了计算，分析了脉冲产生畸变的原因，并提出对部分畸变脉冲进行整形的方法。分别对地下单体目标和群体目标的雷达回波电平图进行了模拟计算，并与实际无载频脉冲探地雷达的探测结果进行比较，二者有较好的一致性，证实了本文所给计算公式的正确性。另外，还分析了土壤参数对雷达探测深度和分辨率的影响。     

双各向异性色散介质电磁波传播Z-时域有限差分分析

基于一种改进的Z变换-时域有限差分(Z-Finite-Difference Time-Domain,Z-FDTD)方法,即将双各向异性色散介质的频域本构方程先转化到Z域中,再利用Z变换的性质将其转换到时域,得到离散时域的FDTD迭代式,分析了双各向异性色散介质电磁波传播特性.由于Omega媒质是一种典型的双各向异性色散介质,以此为例编程计算了垂直入射在Omega介质板情形下产生的同极化和交叉极化电磁波的反射和透射情况,并通过算例和解析解对比验证了算法的正确性,最后对其电磁散射特性进行了分析.     

Influence of a metallic enclosure on the S-parameters of microstripphotonic bandgap structures

Planar microstrip photonic bandgap (PBG) structures are periodic arrays of holes etched in the ground plane of a conventional microstrip line. Most of the published studies considered the PBG as an unshielded structure. However, to fabricate a circuit with a PBG structure, a metallic enclosure is often needed. Thus, the S-parameters of the PBG structure will be altered correspondingly. In this paper, the influence of the metallic enclosure on a shielded PBG structure as well as the finite ground plane on an unshielded PBG structure on the S-parameters are analyzed using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Conditions for which the influence can be neglected are obtained. The results are useful for the applications of PBG structures     

Dielectric waveguides in two-dimensional photonic bandgap materials

We investigate the performance and guiding properties of waveguides fabricated in a finite two-dimensional (2-D) photonic bandgap (PBG) structure. Confinement in the direction perpendicular to the plane of periodicity is achieved by fabricating the 2-D PBG structure in a high dielectric layer enclosed by two lower dielectric layers. Simulations using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method are performed to investigate the energy transport in such waveguides. Good qualitative agreement is found with the experimental observations     

介电常数对比和填充率对光子晶体中光子禁带和局域态的调节

用有限时域差分法(FDTD)和Padé近似分析了二维光子晶体的能带结构和缺陷引起的局域态.针对介电常数对比和填充率对完整光子晶体中光子禁带以及缺陷态的影响作了研究.计算了不同缺陷的光子晶体模式的振荡频率和质量因子.数值模拟的结果表明通过改变介电参数对比和填充率可以实现对光子禁带的位置、宽度、数目以及对缺陷态的调整.     

用FDTD分析光晶带隙结构散射特性

本文对由介质构成的光晶带隙结构进行分析,采用FDTD方法进行数值仿真,计算了一维、二维全介质光晶带隙结构,对不同入射角的情况进行了研究,给出了反射系数曲线.     

方形螺旋光子晶体的能带结构研究

介电常数在三维空间成周期性分布的三维光子晶体因具有全光子带隙而具有重要的应用价值。一种由方形螺旋周期性排列而成光子晶体不仅具有稳定的宽光子带隙,并且可以通过一种基于物理气相沉积的倾斜角沉积法经一步制备完成而具有自组装制备的优势。本文通过数值计算对方形螺旋光子晶体进行能带计算与优化,得到了一种宽带隙方形螺旋结构,并且研究了占空比与带隙宽度的统计分布,讨论了螺旋结构方位角对带隙宽度的影响。     

Directive photonic-bandgap antennas

This paper introduces two new photonic bandgap (PBG) material applications for antennas, in which a photonic parabolic reflector is studied. It is composed of dielectric parabolic layers associated to obtain a PBG material. The frequency gap is used to reflect and focus the electromagnetic waves. This device has been designed using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) code. FDTD computations have provided the theoretical reflector's directivity. These results are in good agreement with measurements, and it appears that the PBG reflector presents the same directivity as a metallic parabola. A second application uses a defect PBG material mode associated with a metallic plate to increase the directivity of a patch antenna. We explain the design of such a device and propose experimental results to validate the theoretical analysis     

Dual-frequency electric-magnetic-electric microstrip leaky-mode antenna of a single fan beam

This paper presents a dual-frequency electric-magnetic-electric (EME) microstrip exhibiting two leaky-wave regions of similar radiation characteristics like the microstrip EH/sub 1/ mode. The EME microstrip incorporates a photonic bandgap (PBG) structure, which is a two-dimensional array consisting of unit cell made of coupled coils connected by a via. The PBG structure employed in the EME prototype conducts at dc and shows the first stopband between 8.8-12.4 GHz, thus rendering the so-called magnetic surface. The EME microstrip is essentially made by substituting the PBG cells for the metal strip of a conventional microstrip. The finite-element method (FEM) analyses of the PBG structure show that the first and second modes are TM-like and TEM-like, respectively. The latter is leaky between 12.4-12.9 GHz and is found to be responsible for the second leaky region of the EME microstrip. The dispersion characteristics of the EME microstrip are obtained by two theoretical methods, namely, the matrix-pencil method and the FEM. Both show excellent agreement in the two leaky regions. Furthermore, the measured far-field radiation patterns of the two leaky regions also validate the dispersion curves. The first leaky region is of EH/sub 1/ type and between 5.05-5.45 GHz. The second leaky region radiates a frequency-scanning fan beam between 11.95-13.0 GHz, similar to those of the EH/sub 1/ mode. Detailed modal current analyses show even and odd symmetry along longitudinal and transverse plane of EME microstrip, respectively, further confirming the two leaky regions behave like the well-known EH/sub 1/ leaky mode. The proposed EME microstrip enriches the modal characteristics of the conventional, uniform microstrip and is thus a manifestation of application of PBG structure for new guiding device.     

Analysis of the numerical dispersion of the 2Dalternating-direction implicit FDTD method

The numerical dispersion property of the two-dimensional alternating-direction implicit finite-difference time-domain (2D ADI FDTD) method is studied. First, we notice that the original 2D ADI FDTD method can be divided into two sub-ADI FDTD methods: either the x-directional 2D ADI FDTD method or the y-directional 2D ADI FDTD method; and secondly, the numerical dispersion relations are derived for both the ADI FDTD methods. Finally, the numerical dispersion errors caused by the two ADI FDTD methods are investigated. Numerical results indicate that the numerical dispersion error of the ADI FDTD methods depends highly on the selected time step and the shape and mesh resolution of the unit cell. It is also found that, to ensure the numerical dispersion error within certain accuracy, the maximum time steps allowed to be used in the two ADI FDTD methods are different and they can be numerically determined     

Periodic bandgap and effective dielectric materials in electromagnetics: characterization and applications in nanocavities and waveguides

The main objectives of this paper are to characterize and develop insight into the performance of photonic bandgap (PBG) periodic dielectric materials and to integrate the results into some novel applications. A powerful computational engine utilizing the finite-difference time-domain technique with periodic boundary conditions/perfectly matched layers integrated with Prony's method is applied to provide an in-depth look at the physics of PBG/periodic bandgap structures. Next, the results are incorporated into two classes of applications in the areas of nanocavity lasers and guidance of electromagnetic (EM) waves in sharp bends. A two-dimensional PBG structure with finite thickness is presented to strongly localize the EM waves in three directions and design a high-Q nanocavity laser. It is shown that the periodic PBG/total internal reflections remarkably trap the EM waves inside the defect region. The effect of the number of periodic cells and defect's dielectric constant on the Q of structure is investigated. It has been found that a seven-layer PBG with a dielectric impurity defect can be used in the design of a laser with a Q as high as 1050. Additionally, potential applications of the PBG structures for guiding the EM waves in sharp bends, namely, 90/spl deg/ and 60/spl deg/ channels are demonstrated. It is shown that shaping the bend by introducing small holes can noticeably improve the guidance of the waves at the bends and channel the EM waves with great efficiency. A comparative study between PBG and effective dielectric materials in controlling the EM waves is also provided and it is observed that the novel characteristics of the PBG cannot be modeled using the effective material for the frequencies within the bandgap.