实时高温下钢纤维混凝土的力学特性及其声发射响应

对普通混凝土、钢纤维混凝土进行高温下的单轴压缩试验,采用声发射技术对混凝土在高温下的实时损伤进行全程监测。研究结果表明,相比于同温度段普通混凝土,在力学性能方面,20~600 ℃四个温度段钢纤维混凝土的抗压强度分别提高了12.07%、4.15%、11.25%、3.24%,残余强度分别提高了2.67 MPa、3.51 MPa、0.98 MPa、2.74 MPa,并且应力曲线的延性更好。在声发射方面,钢纤维混凝土在受压过程中释放的能量更大,其声发射信号的强度和频度更高,声发射信号密集波段更长,并且其振铃累计计数最大值也更大,混凝土的宏观力学性能与其声发射响应具有较好的对应关系。钢纤维的掺入可以延缓混凝土在实时高温下的劣化损伤。     

混合钢纤维活性粉末混凝土力学性能研究

采用两种不同尺寸的钢纤维混合掺入活性粉末混凝土中;通过轴压、劈裂和四点弯曲的力学性能试验,研究混合钢纤维活性粉末混凝土的抗压强度、抗拉强度及抗折强度,得到不同钢纤维组合比例对活性粉末混凝土力学性能的改善作用;采用ASTMC1018提出的韧性指数法来衡量混合钢纤维活性粉末混凝土弯曲韧性.结果表明:同体积纤维掺量下,混合钢纤维活性粉末混凝土的立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度及弯曲抗折强度均较单掺一种纤维有一定程度的提高;混合掺入钢纤维后活性粉末混凝土韧性改善效果显著,采用0.5％长纤维与1.5％短纤维组合可以达到最佳增韧效果.     

硅灰对钢纤维混凝土耐久性能的影响研究

为提高钢纤维混凝土耐久性能,采用复掺的方式,选择高品质的硅灰掺入到钢纤维的混凝土结构中。在保证基准配合比相同的情况下,通过不同的硅灰与钢纤维配合比,探讨硅灰对钢纤维混凝土耐久性能的影响。通过实验结果表明,随着硅灰掺入钢纤维混凝土量的增加,混凝土的抗折强度、抗压强度和劈裂强度、抗冻性能都明显提高,并在12%硅灰+1.2%钢纤维时达到最大。     

Some statistical considerations of steel fiber composites

Because of the decisive influence of the fabrication method on the strength and durability of fiber composites, the design of fiber concrete elements should be based on statistical considerations of their properties. The paper presents a statistical analysis of compressive and flexural strength results of both plain and steel fiber concrete. Fiber concrete results in compression and flexure show larger standard deviations and greater departure from normal distribution. However, there is no need to test more specimens than that required for plain concrete, although the method of compaction should be specified for flexural strength design. Fibers increase compressive strength, and the difference observed from that of plain concrete is not due to chance. No relation exists between maximum load in flexure and the debonding behavior of the fibers.     

钢纤维掺量对活性粉末混凝土基本力学性能的影响

通过试验研究了活性粉末混凝土的基本力学性能(抗压强度、抗折强度、耐高温性能),分析了钢纤维掺量对活性粉末混凝土力学性能的影响.并应用扫描电镜,从微观上分析了钢纤维掺量对RPC强度的影响,找出合理的钢纤维掺量为1.0%.     

Flexural properties after exposure to elevated temperatures of a ground granulated blast furnace slag concrete incorporating steel fibers and polypropylene fibers

Experiments were carried out to investigate the flexural properties of fiber‐reinforced ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) concrete after exposure to high temperatures. On the basis of experimental observation, the effect of GGBFS content, the steel fiber dosage, the polypropylene (PP) fiber dosage, and the strength grade on the residual strength of concrete after exposure to elevated temperatures were systematically examined. Test data indicate that exposure to high temperatures causes deterioration in the flexural strength of concrete; inclusion of GGBFS, PP fibers, and steel fibers, all effectively improve the residual flexural strength of concrete after fire. The optimum amounts of GGBFS, PP fibers, and steel fibers are identified respectively for better fire resistance of concrete. The strength losses of concretes characterized by different strength grades are very close to one another. Equations are proposed to predict the residual flexural strength of concrete incorporating GGBFS, PP fibers, and steel fibers after being heated to temperatures up to 800°C. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

端钩型钢纤维UHPC抗压强度的试验研究

本文对5组超高性能混凝土(UHPC)立方体试件进行了轴心受压试验,观察不同纤维掺量及不同尺寸UHPC试件的破坏过程及破坏形态,研究了端钩型钢纤维及不同尺寸对UHPC受压性能的影响,比较各纤维体积掺量立方体试块的荷载-位移曲线,给出了纤维约束系数,分析了其对UHPC立方体抗压强度及压缩耗能的影响,建立了UHPC立方体抗压强度的预测模型。结果表明:与未掺纤维UHPC试件相比,掺入端钩型钢纤维的试件,在载荷达到极限荷载的40%左右时,试件开始发生损伤,在载荷接近极限荷载时,试件内部发生持续的快速断裂声响;掺入端钩型钢纤维的UHPC试件最终破坏呈多条斜向裂缝,且最终破坏时试件仍能保持完整形态,呈现“裂而不碎”的状态;随着端钩型钢纤维体积掺量的增加,试件的受压峰值荷载增加,且伴随着试件的变形增大;与未掺纤维UHPC试件相比,随着纤维掺量的增大,尺寸效应对UHPC的受压性能的影响逐渐减小。基于纤维约束指数,建立了UHPC立方体抗压强度的预测模型,预测结果与试验结果吻合度较高。     

冻融作用后塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土力学性能试验研究

以圆球形粉煤灰陶粒为粗骨料,对塑钢纤维(0kg/m3、3kg/m3、6kg/m3、9kg/m3)轻骨料混凝土试件进行快速冻融(0次、50次、100次、150次)试验,研究冻融后试件的抗压性能、劈裂抗拉性能、抗折性能、抗冲击性能.结果表明:冻融循环作用下,适量的塑钢纤维掺入可以明显增强轻骨料混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度;提高轻骨料混凝土折压比,增强轻骨料混凝土抗裂性能;并能显著改善轻骨料混凝土的抗冲击性能.综合各项力学性能指标,冻融后轻骨料混凝土塑钢纤维最优掺量为6kg/m3.     

偏高岭土对高流动性钢纤维混凝土早期力学性能和细观结构的影响

为了提高泵送混凝土流动性及早期力学性能,降低水泥用量,本文研究了高流动性偏高岭土和钢纤维复合混凝土的流动性、抗压和抗拉强度、弹性模量、破坏形态和微观结构,并在此基础上评价了偏高岭土和钢纤维对混凝土性能的影响。结果表明,随着钢纤维和偏高岭土含量的增加,浆体的流动性降低,偏高岭土影响更加显著。偏高岭土提高了钢纤维混凝土养护7 d后的抗压强度、抗拉强度和弹性模量,钢纤维对残余拉伸强度和裂纹扩展有明显的影响。通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察与X射线衍射(XRD)分析,偏高岭土的添加使试样内部产生了更稳定的水化硅酸钙(CSH)凝胶、单硫型水化硫铝酸钙(AFm)和高硫型水化硫铝酸钙(AFt)等物质。这些产物减少了孔隙和缺陷的产生,增强了界面过渡区的粘结力。由于偏高岭土和钢纤维对和易性的影响机制分别为增加黏度和提升浆体的抗剪切能力,本质上都为阻碍各组分的相对运动,所以二者在降低混凝土流动性方面具有耦合作用。偏高岭土与钢纤维影响混凝土力学性能的阶段不同,前者在未开裂阶段,后者在开裂阶段。     

磁化水钢纤维再生混凝土早期强度研究

为研究磁化水和钢纤维对再生混凝土早期强度的影响,以C40强度为基准,研究分析不同磁场强度(0 mT、200 mT、260 mT、320 mT)的磁化水和不同体积掺量的钢纤维(0%、0.6%、1.2%)对再生混凝土立方体早期抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度的影响,并对其微观结构进行观察分析。试验结果表明:钢纤维能够显著提高再生混凝土早期抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度;磁化水对于再生混凝土抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度均有不同程度的提升,其中劈裂抗拉强度增幅较小;在0.6%钢纤维掺量和260 mT磁场强度下再生混凝土早期抗压强度增幅较为明显。     

混杂纤维对活性粉末混凝土高温后抗压强度的影响

对混杂纤维活性粉末混凝土(RPC)不同温度等级作用并烧透(试件中心内置热电偶达到目标温度)后抗压强度进行了测试,研究了钢纤维和聚丙烯掺量对RPC抗压强度的影响.结果表明,RPC混凝土的抗压强度随着作用温度的升高总体呈下降趋势,钢纤维可以有效提高RPC混凝土抗压强度,而聚丙烯纤维可以改善RPC高温后性能和抑制爆裂,混杂纤维可优势互补.基于实验结果,给出了在钢纤维体积掺量2％,同时混掺聚丙烯体积掺量0、0.1％和0.2％下的RPC平均抗压强度与受火温度的关系式.     

Versuchsanlage zur ermittlung der dreiachsigen festigkeit von beton mit ersten versuchsergebnissen

The testing machine for investigations on the triaxial stress-strain-behaviour of concrete consists of a rigid prestressed concrete frame with jacks of 2000 kN (compression) and 300 kN (tension) respectively. To avoid lateral restraint brush-bearing platens were used. The dimensions of the specimens were 10/10/10 cm. The first tests were carried out to gain experience in operating this apparatus. The results were as follows: The deformation under triaxial compression was much higher than that under uni- or biaxial loading. The ultimate strength increases when the stress-relation almost reaches the hydrostatic pressure (6 times or more than the uniaxial strength). The ultimate strength under repeated loading is much less than the ultimate strength under the first loading.     

塑钢纤维磷渣混凝土弯曲性能研究

以不掺塑钢纤维的磷渣混凝土为基准,对纤维长度为30 mm、40 mm、55 mm和纤维掺量为3 kg/m³、6 kg/m³、9 kg/m³的塑钢纤维磷渣混凝土进行四点弯曲试验,研究不同纤维长度和纤维掺量对磷渣混凝土弯曲性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:随着塑钢纤维长度和掺量的增加,磷渣混凝土的抗弯强度随之增加,塑钢纤维长度为55 mm,掺量为3 kg/m³时,对磷渣混凝土抗弯强度增强效果最佳,抗弯强度比基准组提高了56%;随着塑钢纤维长度和掺量的增加,磷渣混凝土弯曲韧性指数不断增大,弯曲韧性不断提高,塑钢纤维长度为55 mm,掺量为9 kg/m³时,弯曲韧性指数I₂₀比基准组提高了9.8倍。     

高炉镍铁渣和钢纤维改性混凝土的耐热性和热损伤规律

利用高炉镍铁渣和钢纤维对混凝土进行了改性,并通过强度试验及波速测试对改性混凝土在热循环后的力学特性和热损伤规律进行了研究。强度试验表明:热循环对改性混凝土的强度退化具有积累效果;适量的高炉镍铁渣和钢纤维可以提高混凝土的耐热性,但过多的钢纤维会降低混凝土的耐热性;其中钢纤维的最佳掺量为0.5%~1.0％(体积分数)。波速测试表明,随着热循环次数的增加混凝土中的超声波速不断降低,类似于强度变化规律。根据波速测试和强度试验结果建立了波速与强度之间的关系,并建立了一般化的损伤因子表达式。对比不同参数的损伤因子表明各个参数对热循环的敏感性为:波速>抗拉强度>抗压强度;对热循环损伤的改善效果为:钢纤维>高炉镍铁渣;低水灰比>高水灰比。     

高温下钢筋与混凝土粘结锚固性能试验研究

为研究温度对钢筋与混凝土粘结性能的影响,通过制作30个标准立方体试块、8个温度场试件及15个中心拉拔试件,分别完成了室温(20℃)、100℃、200℃、400℃、600℃下标准立方体试块抗压试验与抗拉劈裂试验、拉拔试件温度场试验及中心拉拔试验.分析了高温作用对混凝土抗压强度与抗拉强度的影响,根据温度场试验研究结果,提出一种简易的高温下中心拉拔试验方法,在此基础上研究了高温下钢筋与混凝土粘结性能退化规律.基于Harajli模型综合考虑温度对粘结强度、峰值滑移及试件破坏模式的影响,提出了高温下钢筋与混凝土粘结-滑移本构模型.试验结果表明:高温下混凝土强度、钢筋与混凝土的粘结强度随温度升高整体呈下降趋势,但在100℃时发生陡降现象,高温下钢筋与混凝土的粘结强度变化趋势与混凝土抗拉强度相近.最后提出了高温下钢筋与混凝土的粘结-滑移本构模型,并验证了模型的适用性.     

钢纤维改性橡胶混凝土与变形钢筋的粘结性能

本试验共设计制作4组钢纤维(钢纤维体积率分别为0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%)改性橡胶混凝土粘结试件,采用中心拉拔试验的方法,系统研究了钢纤维体积率的变化对粘结破坏形态、初始粘结强度、极限粘结强度以及粘结滑移曲线的影响规律。研究结果表明:随着钢纤维体积率的增大,与橡胶混凝土相比,初始粘结强度分别提高了5.37%、8.35%、0.89%,极限粘结强度分别提高了9.44%、16.49%、12.91%。适量掺入钢纤维可以显著改善粘结试件的破坏形态。上升段、下降段以及残余段共同组成钢纤维改性橡胶混凝土的粘结滑移曲线,且粘结滑移曲线的饱满程度以及上升段斜率随着钢纤维体积率的增加而增加。基于试验结果,建立了钢纤维改性橡胶混凝土与变形钢筋的粘结滑移本构方程,该方程能为其在结构设计中提供一定的参考。     

Flexural behavior of fiber and nanoparticle reinforced concrete at high temperatures

In this study, the flexural tests were conducted to investigate the effects of temperature, steel fiber, nano‐SiO₂, and nano‐CaCO₃ on flexural behavior of concrete at high temperatures. The load‐deflection curves of fiber and nanoparticle reinforced concrete (FNRC) were measured both at room and high temperatures. Test results show that the load‐deflection curves become flatter, and the flexural strength, peak deflection, and energy absorption capacity decrease seriously with the increase of temperature. Both steel fiber and nanoparticles could significantly improve the flexural behavior of the concrete at room and high temperatures. The energy absorption capacity of FNRC before the peak point increases with the increase of steel fiber volume fraction. The improvement of nano‐SiO₂ on flexural strength of FNRC at high temperature is better than that at room temperature, but the enhancement on energy absorption capacity is reverse. Nano‐SiO₂ is more effective than nano‐CaCO₃ in improving flexural behavior of concrete both at room and high temperatures.     

不同温度下混凝土补强的力学性能研究

本研究主要探讨混凝土补强在不同温度下的力学性能;以普通混凝土添加不同钢纤维含量的活性粉混凝土为补强材料,进行高温试验项目包括:抗压强度、抗弯强度、抗拉强度、斜剪强度等试验.结果显示,添加钢纤维的活性粉混凝土在高温中,可以达到增加补强的作用.     

冷热循环下纤维混凝土与高强钢筋间粘结强度损伤模型

通过对普通混凝土(PC)、钢纤维混凝土(SFRC)、聚丙烯纤维混凝土(PFRC)与HRB500E钢筋进行冷热循环作用后的中心拉拔试验,研究不同类型混凝土的劣化机理,分析冷热循环对PC、SFRC、PFRC的质量损失、相对动弹性模量以及粘结强度的影响。试验结果表明:冷热循环后,混凝土的质量损失和动弹性模量损失增加,钢筋与混凝土的粘结强度下降;掺入钢纤维、聚丙烯纤维的试件,其粘结强度衰减有所减弱,并且聚丙烯纤维的抑制效果更为明显。结合试验数据,对国内外的Petersen模型、Xu模型和Wu模型进行对比分析,同时考虑冷热循环对相对动弹性模量和相对粘结强度的影响,基于Weibull概率分布理论和强度衰减模型,建立了纤维混凝土与高强钢筋间粘结强度劣化模型,并通过本文数据对其进行了验证,粘结强度实测值与计算值比值的平均值为0.97,标准差为0.07,两者吻合良好,可为冷热环境下纤维混凝土结构耐久性设计提供理论参考。     

The effect of testing conditions (hot and residual) on fracture toughness of fiber reinforced high-strength concrete subjected to high temperatures

This paper presents experimental work on the fracture toughness of fiber reinforced high-strength concrete subjected to high temperatures. Bending and fracture energy tests were conducted during and after cooling (i.e. hot and residual tests). It was observed that bending strength for the residual tests is higher than that for the hot tests because of the effect of tensile stresses arising in concrete which occurs in the hot tests but does not occur in the residual tests. Also it was observed that fracture toughness of steel fiber reinforced high-strength concrete in the hot tests is lower than that in the residual tests. However, steel fiber reinforcement is efficient in maintaining bending strength, and is more importantly effective in improving fracture toughness of high-strength concrete during and after cooling. Thus, the hot test should be conducted for evaluating mechanical properties of high-strength concrete due to its severity compared to the residual test.