柠檬酸对石膏析晶过饱和度和微结构的影响

利用SEM扫描电镜、MIP压汞测孔技术和原子吸收光谱等测试手段，系统研究了柠檬酸对建筑石膏水化进程、液相离子浓度与过饱和度、二水石膏晶体形貌、硬化体结构的影响。结果表明：柠檬酸是建筑石膏的高效缓凝剂，它使建筑石膏水化进程减慢，水化诱导期延长，早期水化率降低；柠檬酸使早期液相离子浓度和过饱和度降低，使二水石膏晶体尺度增大，并改变二水石膏晶体生长习性，使晶形由针状转变为短柱状；柠檬酸使石膏硬化体大孔增加，孔径分布粗化。     

磷石膏颗粒级配、结构与性能研究

磷石膏的颗粒级配、结构是影响性能的重要因素.采用筛分、沉降天平分析、SEM显微结构分析,研究了磷石膏颗粒级配与二水石膏晶体形貌,测定了不同形态磷与有机物等杂质在磷石膏中分布.分析、测试了磷石膏胶结材的结构与性能.结果表明磷石膏的颗粒级配、形貌与天然石膏存在明显差异,它的颗粒级配成正态分布,二水石膏晶体粗大、均匀,以板状为主,其尺度比天然二水石膏晶体粗大.可溶磷与有机物覆盖于二水石膏晶体表面,其含量随磷石膏粒度增加而增加.粉磨使磷石膏颗粒形貌多样化,并改善颗粒级配,降低其胶结材需水量,使硬化体结构趋于密实,强度得以提高.磷石膏经过中和、粉磨预处理可制备出优等品建筑石膏.     

高温煅烧石膏对C3S和C2S水化过程的影响

利用XRD、TMS-GLC（三甲基硅烷化）等方法,对C3S-CaSo4.2H2O-H2O、C3S-CaSO4-H2O、C2S-CaSo4.2H2O-H2O、C2S-CaSo4-H2O四个系统的水化过程进行了研究,测定了结合水生成量、Ca(OH)2生成量、[SiO4]四面体聚合度及浆体的强度。结果表明：适量的煅烧石膏或二水石膏均能促进C3S和C2S的水化,但两类石膏的促进效果相近;指出了同二水石膏相比,煅烧石膏提高硅酸盐水泥强度机理的研究,应从它对水泥中铝酸盐矿物的水化和浆体结构形成过程的影响方法进行。     

磷石膏颗粒级配、结构与性能研究

磷石膏的颗粒级配、结构是影响性能的重要因素.采用筛分、沉降天平分析、SEM显微结构分析。研究了磷石膏颗粒级配与二水石膏晶体形貌,测定了不同形态磷与有机物等杂质在磷石青中分布。分析、测试了磷石膏胶结材的结构与性能。结果表明：磷石膏的颗粒级配、形貌与天然石膏存在明显差异,它的颗粒级配成正态分布,二水石膏晶体粗大、均匀,以板状为主,其尺度比天然二水石膏晶体粗大。可溶磷与有机物覆盖于二水石膏晶体表面,其含量随磷石膏粒度增加而增加。粉磨使磷石膏颗粒形貌多样化,并改善颗料级配,降低其胶结材需水量,使硬化体结构趋地密实,强度得以提高,磷石膏经过中和、粉磨预处理可制备出优等品建筑石膏。     

磷酸盐对α半水脱硫石膏凝结硬化的作用机理

研究磷酸盐对α半水脱硫石膏水化反应进程、液相离子浓度与过饱和度以及水化产物形貌与硬化体强度的影响,结合X光电子能谱分析技术对磷酸盐缓凝机理进行分析.结果表明,磷酸盐抑制α半水脱硫石膏早期水化,使水化放热减缓,早期水化速率降低,凝结时间延长;磷酸盐改变了二水石膏晶体生长习性,晶形由长棒状转化为板状,并使晶体粗化,硬化体强度降低;磷酸盐通过化学作用吸附在二水石膏晶体表面,抑制离子扩散和晶面生长,这是二水石膏缓凝的内因,对晶面的选择性吸附改变了二水石膏晶体生长习性和形貌,是硬化体强度降低的原因所在.     

石膏的形态对C2S浆体强度的影响

研究了二水石膏、600℃、800℃、1000℃煅烧石膏对C2S浆体强度的影响，结果表明：石膏的掺入，能提高C2S浆体的强度；煅烧石膏比二水石膏更能提高C2S浆体的强度。证明了石膏不仅对硅酸盐水泥中C3A的水化产生影响，同时亦对硅酸盐矿物的水化有促进作用。     

Na2C2O4对硬石膏水化硬化的影响及作用机理

研究了草酸钠对硬石膏水化进程、硬化体显微结构与强度、液相离子浓度与二水石膏析晶过饱和度的影响,从二水石膏晶体成核与生长的角度探讨了草酸钠的作用机理.草酸钠使硬石膏水化率提高,水化热集中,水化潜伏期缩短,水化进程加快;草酸钠使二水石膏晶体细化,硬化体结构致密,强度提高,是硬石膏水化活性的高效激发剂.草酸钠作用机理归纳为：草酸钠与硬石膏反应形成草酸钙沉淀与可溶硫酸盐,使液相SO2-4浓度大幅提高;提高二水石膏析晶过饱和度,使二水石膏临界晶核半径减小,晶体成核与生长速率加快;草酸钠促进硬石膏溶解.     

缓凝剂对建筑石膏结构与强度的负面影响

利用SEM扫描电镜、MIP压汞测孔技术等测试手段．系统深入地研究了柠檬酸、多聚磷酸钠、骨胶3类常用典型缓凝剂对建筑石膏水化早期液相过饱和度、晶体形貌以及硬化体孔结构的影响,研究了石膏强度损失的内在原因和机制．结果表明：缓凝剂降低了胶凝材水化早期液相过饱和度,改变了二水石膏结晶习性和晶体形貌,晶体明显粗化,晶形也由针状转变为短柱状,大大削弱了晶体间的搭接,硬化体孔径增大,大孔比例明显增加,孔结构劣化,并最终导致建筑石膏强度的大幅度降低．强度损失与其缓凝效果基本成正比,掺量越高,缓凝时间越长,强度损失越大．     

原状磷石膏基水硬性胶凝材料的制备与性能表征

以原状磷石膏(简称磷石膏)、水泥(P.O 42.5)、矿渣、粉煤灰为原料,将水泥、矿渣、粉煤灰粉体直接加入磷石膏浆体中进行浆粉搅拌,制备出磷石膏-矿渣-水泥基(PBC)和磷石膏-矿渣-水泥-粉煤灰(PBCF)基水硬性胶凝材料的净浆硬化试样,并对PBC和PBCF净浆硬化试样的性能进行表征。结果表明:PBC试样的3 d抗压强度较低,7,28 d龄期抗压强度随水泥掺量的增加先增加后降低,水泥掺量20%(质量分数)时,试样的7,28 d龄期抗压强度达到最大值,后者为26.4 MPa;PBCF试样的7,28 d抗压强度随粉煤灰掺量的增加先增加后降低,粉煤灰掺量为15%(质量分数)时,试样的7,28 d抗压强度均达到最大值,分别为17.0,28.7 MPa;PBCF试样软化系数均≥0.88。     

高温煅烧石膏硅酸盐水泥早期水化产物的研究

利用DTA、XRD、IR、化学结合水和Ca（OH）2生成量测定等方法,研究了煅烧石膏、二水石膏对硅酸盐水泥早期水化过程的影响。结果表明：在水化龄期相同时,掺煅烧石膏水泥浆体中水化产物同掺二水石膏相比,Ca（OH）2生成量大;在一天前无AFt生成;结合水量在一天前前者高于后者,而一天后则相反。指出了煅烧石膏提高水泥强度的机理在于：由于煅烧石膏的溶解速度较低,在水泥水化初期（1d前）,存在于水泥中的铝酸盐相不能形成AFt,从而减缓了AFt对水泥水化的延缓作用,加速了整个熟料矿物相的水化,提高了水泥的强度。     

Study on activity evaluation of activated coal-gangue and the hydration process

Chemical compositions,mineral compositions and the activated mechanism of the coal-gangue were analyzed. And pozzolana activities of the coal-gangue were evaluated after activated. Moreover,hydration heat and hydration compositions of activated coal-gangue-calcium oxide system,as well as hydration degree and hardened paste microstructures of activated coal-gangue-cement system were studied. Results show that pozzolana activities of the activated coal-gangue root in amorphous SiO2 and activated Al2O3. With the exciting of gypsum,the reaction of activated coal-gangue and Ca(OH)2 would produce hydration products as ettringite,calcium silicate hydrate,and calcium aluminate. The relationship between the curing age and the content of Ca(OH)2 in coal-gangue-cement system was ascertained. Unhydrated particles in the coal-gangue-cement paste were more than that in the neat cement paste at the same hydration periods,and even existed at the later stage of hydration. Furthermore,the activated coal-gangue could inhibit growth and gathering of the calcium oxide crystal,and improve the structure of hardened cement paste.     

超硫酸盐水泥的水化产物及孔结构特性

采用抗压强度试验、X射线衍射分析、电镜扫描及压汞仪法等测试技术,测试和分析了超硫酸盐水泥在不同龄期的强度、水化产物及孔结构,并将其与普通硅酸盐水泥、矿渣水泥对比,探讨超硫酸盐水泥的水化机理.研究结果表明,超硫酸盐水泥早期强度较低,但后期强度发展快,28 d强度高于42.5普硅水泥;超硫酸盐水泥的主要水化产物为水化硅酸钙、钙矾石及少量石膏晶体,未见普硅水泥及矿渣水泥的主要水化产物氢氧化钙;90 d时,超硫酸盐水泥硬化浆体的阈值孔径、最可几孔径、中孔孔径及平均孔径均小于普硅水泥和矿渣水泥,具有更小的孔隙率和更高的密实度,有效地促进了超硫酸盐水泥后期强度的增长.     

Modification on the Performance of the Hemihydrate Gypsum with the Plant Source Polymer of Dry Matcha Powder

The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using the plant-source polymer of the matcha powder as a composite admixture for hemihydrate gypsum. Hemihydrate gypsum was mixed with different contents of matcha powder, and then the water requirement for the normal consistency, setting times, density, strength, hydration and microstructure of the hardened mixture were evaluated. The experimental results showed that it increased the water requirement for the normal consistency, and it regulated the setting times and reduced the density. Hemihydrate gypsum with more matcha powder had the higher water requirement, longer setting times and lower density. Less than 1% matcha powder had slight impact on the strength of hardened paste, but more than 1% matcha powder had a remarkable one. Matcha powder changed the hydration process and prolonged the induction and acceleration period. Small needlelike crystals were transformed into longer, larger and thicker ones as more matcha powder was mixed. This case is closely related to the prolongation of the induction and acceleration period. Besides, more and larger pores were observed in the hardened paste with more matcha powder. It is attributed to the appearances of the tea polyphenol in matcha powder and the larger and longer crystal morphology in hardened paste as well as the high water requirement for the normal consistency. These results are important to the application of matcha powder as a composite admixture for the hemihydrate gypsum as well as the prosperity and development of the tea industry.     

Activation of anhydrate phosphogypsum by K<Subscript>2</Subscript>SO<Subscript>4</Subscript> and hemihydrate gypsum

Lime pretreated phosphogypsum(PG) was calcined at 500 ℃ to produce anhydrate gypsum cement. Due to the slow hydration of anhydrate gypsum, additives, K2SO4 and hemihydrate gypsum were selected to accelerate the hydration of anhydrate. The hydration characteristics, the resistance to hydrodynamic water, and the mineralogical studies were investigated. The experimental results suggest that activated by K2SO4 and hemihydrate, anhydrate PG hydrates much more rapidly than that in the presence of only K2SO4 or in the absence of additives. The binder has proper setting time, good strength development, and relatively better resistance to water. The hardened binder has hydrated products of rod or stick like shaped dihydrate gypsum crystals.     

Effect of MSWI Fly Ash and Incineration Residues on Cement Performances

The activities of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash and incineration residues were studied contrastively, through the component analysis and the activity ratio tests. The mechanical properties, hydration mechanism and leaching toxicity of the hardened cement paste mixing with MSWI fly ash and incineration residues were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the active constituents (CaO+Al2O3+Fe2O3) in MSWI fly ash were higher than those in incineration residues. Therefore the ...     

建筑石膏的复合磷酸盐缓凝剂及缓凝型膨胀剂

在研究建筑石膏的复合磷酸盐缓凝剂基础上,探讨了缓凝型膨胀剂对建筑石膏 凝结硬化性能和膨胀性能的影响。碱金属磷酸盐与建筑石膏作用后使实浆ＰＨ值升高,液相呈碱性,处于碱性环境中的铵盐在建筑石膏水化热的促进下产生ＮＨ３气,推动料浆膨胀。