各地区2015年前三季度节能目标完成情况晴雨表

<正>通过对各地区节能形势进行分析,对照"十二五"节能工作进度要求,今年前三季度,海南、青海、宁夏、新疆等4个地区预警等级为一级,节能形势十分严峻;北京、天津、河北、山西、内蒙古、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、上海、江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、江西、山东、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、重庆、四川、贵州、云南、陕西、甘肃等26个地区预警等级为三级,节能工作进展基本顺利。     

各地区2012年1～5月节能目标完成情况晴雨表

通过对各地区节能形势进行分析,1～5月份,海南、宁夏、新疆等3个地区预警等级为一级,节能形势十分严峻;湖北、广西、贵州等3个地区预警等级为二级,节能形势比较严峻;北京、天津、河北、山西、内蒙古、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、上海、江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、江西、山东、河南、湖南、广东、重庆、四川、云南、陕西、甘肃、青海等24个地区预警等级为三级,节能工作进展基本顺利。西藏缺乏统计数     

各地区2014年1-5月节能目标完成情况晴雨表

通过对各地区节能形势进行分析,对照各地“十二五”年均节能任务,1—5月,福建、海南、青海、宁夏、新疆等5个地区预警等级为一级,节能形势十分严峻;北京、天津、河北、山西、内蒙古、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、上海、江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、山东、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、重庆、四川、贵州、云南、陕西、甘肃等25个地区预警等级为三级,节能工作进展基本顺利。西藏缺乏统计数据,没有进行预测。     

各地区2013年上半年节能目标完成情况晴雨表

通过对各地区节能形势进行分析,对照各地"十二五"后三年年均节能任务,上半年,海南、云南、新疆等3个地区预警等级为一级,节能形势十分严峻;贵州、青海、宁夏等3个地区预警等级为二级,节能形势比较严峻;北京、天津、河北、山西、内蒙古、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、上海、江苏、浙江、安徽、江     

关于推进再制造产业发展的意见

<正>发改环资[2010]991号各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市及新疆生产建设兵团发展改革委、经贸委(经委、经信委、工信委、工信厅)、科技厅(委、局)、公安厅(局)、财政厅(局)、环境保护厅(局)、商务厅(局)、国税局、地税局、工商局、各出入境检验检疫局、质量技术监督     

广东省地热资源现状及开发前景展望

温泉是集热、矿、水三位于一体的宝贵矿产资源。其属性单一，为矿产资源中的能源矿产类。广东省的温泉分布甚广，全省已发现温泉311处、温泉点294处、隐伏地热区17处。其中，粤东地区主要分布在丰顺、东山湖、普宁、紫金和惠州地区；粤中及南部主要分布于三元里、龙门、从化、中山及珠海地区：粤西主要分布于思平、吴川、阳江等地；粤北主要分布于枫湾、曲江、小坑、清远、英德等地。     

中国能源100问 数字解读(二)

<正>(续上期)(15)我国高耗能产品和电器产量占全球的比重有多大?2008年,粗钢、铝锭、水泥、平板玻璃、建筑陶瓷分别为38.3%、32.7%、50.0%、48.0%和40.0%,房间空调器、电冰箱、彩色电视机、微波炉、激光视盘机、电脑分别为80%、40%、45%、80%、60%和40%。     

“全国地热资源调查评价及开发利用学术研讨会”在腾冲召开

10月18日，由中国能源研究会地热专业委员会主办、中国地质环境监测院承办的全国地热资源调查评价及开发利用学术研讨会在火山地热名城一云南的腾冲胜利召开。来自北京、天津、上海、河北、河南、广东、福建、江西、江苏、青海、西藏、云南等省、市、自治区的近百名地热界代表出席了大会。     

征稿启事

本刊对政府能源管理部门及机电、锅炉、电力、环保、冶金、化工、建筑、煤气、制冷与空调等行业以及科研与设计机构、高等学校的有关领导、管理人员、工程技术人员、教师及研究生具有一定的实际应用和参考价值。欢迎踊跃来稿。     

国务院办公厅转发国家发展改革委等部门《关于加快推行清洁生产的意见》

为贯彻落实《中华人民共和国清洁生产促进法》，近日，国务院办公厅转发了国家发展改革委、环保总局、科技部、财政部、建设部、农业部、水利部、教育部、国土资源部、税务总局、质检总局《关于加快推行清洁生产的意见》，对加快推行清洁生产工作提出了要求。     

Accurate experimental (p, ρ, T) data of natural gas mixtures for the assessment of reference equations of state when dealing with hydrogen-enriched natural gas

The GERG-2008 equation of state is the approved ISO standard (ISO 20765-2) for the calculation of thermophysical properties of natural gas mixtures. The composition of natural gas can vary considerably due to the diversity of origin. Further diversification was generated by adding hydrogen, biogas, or other non-conventional energy gases. In this work, high-precision experimental (p, ρ, T) data for two gravimetrically prepared synthetic natural gas mixtures are reported. One mixture resembled a conventional natural gas of 11 components (11 M) with a nominal mixture composition (amount-of-substance fraction) of 0.8845 for methane as the matrix compound with the other compounds being 0.005 for oxygen, 0.04 for nitrogen, 0.015 for carbon dioxide, 0.04 for ethane, 0.01 for propane, 0.002 each for n- and isobutane, and ultimately 0.0005 each for isopentane, n-pentane, and n-hexane. The other mixture was a 13-component hydrogen-enriched natural gas with a low calorific value featuring a nominal composition of 0.7885 for methane, 0.03 for hydrogen, 0.005 for helium, 0.12 for nitrogen, 0.04 for carbon dioxide, 0.0075 for ethane, 0.003 for propane, 0.002 each for n- and isobutane, and 0.0005 each for neopentane, isopentane, n-pentane, and n-hexane. Density measurements were performed in an isothermal operational mode at temperatures between 260 and 350 K and at pressures up to 20 MPa by using a single-sinker densimeter with magnetic suspension coupling. The data were compared with the corresponding densities calculated from both GERG-2008 and AGA8-DC92 equations of state to test their performance on real mixtures. The average absolute deviation from GERG-2008 (AGA8-DC92) is 0.027% (0.078%) for 11 M and 0.095% (0.062%) for the 13-component H₂-enriched mixture, respectively. The corresponding maximum relative deviation from GERG-2008 (AGA8-DC92) amounts to 0.095% (0.127%) for 11 M and 0.291% (0.193%) for the H₂-enriched mixture.     

Thermoelastic Equilibrium of Some Semi-Infinite Domains Subjected to the Action of a Heat Source

By using the integral representations for main thermoelastic Green's functions (MTGFs) we prove a theorem about new structural formulas for MTGFs for a whole class of boundary value problems (BVPs) of thermoelasticity for some semi-infinite Cartesian domains. According to these new structural formulas many MTGFs for a plane, a half-plane, a quadrant, a space, a quarter-space and an octant may be obtained by changing the respective well-known GFPE and their regular parts. The crucial moment of our investigation consists of elaboration of a new technique for calculating some generalized integrals containing products of two different GFPEs. Also, the types of boundary conditions for volume dilatation considered and GFPE for temperature differ on a single boundary only. As example of application of the obtained new structural formulas, the new MTGFs for a concrete BVP of thermoelaesticity for an octant are derived in elementary functions. The MTGFs obtained are validated on a known example for a BVP for half-space. Graphical computer evaluation of the derived in elementary functions new MTGFs is included.     

Comparative studies on Ar and He closed-cycle MHD power plants combined with fossil fuel

Comparative studies on Ar and He closed-cycle MHD power plants combined with fossil fuel are performed. The sizes of a regenerative heat exchanger and a boiler are expected to be smaller for He than for Ar. The pressure loss of a working gas in a regenerative heat exchanger is reduced for He. The purification subsystem for He is expected to be more compact and economical than that for Ar; but a larger compressor is required for He than for Ar.     

Forest biomass and Armington elasticities in Europe

The purpose of this paper is to provide estimated Armington elasticities for selected European countries and for three forest biomass commodities of main interest in many energy models: roundwood, chips & particles and wood residues. The Armington elasticity is based on the assumption that a specific forest biomass commodity is differentiated by its origin. The statistically significant estimated Armington elasticities range from 0.52 for roundwood in Hungary to approximately 4.53 for roundwood in Estonia. On average, the statistically significant Armington elasticity for chips & particles over all countries is 1.7 and for wood residues and roundwood 1.3 and 1.5, respectively. These elasticities can provide benchmark values for simulation models trying to assess trade patterns of forest biomass commodities and energy policy effects for European countries or for the EU as a whole.     

Development of methods for evaluating hydrogen compatibility and suitability

The embrittlement of metals exposed to hydrogen environments is well documented. With the deployment of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the consumer sector, there is a need to improve the engineering basis for the selection of materials of construction for equipment that stores and distributes high-pressure gaseous hydrogen. This brief overview summarizes publicly available guidance for evaluating materials compatibility with high-pressure gaseous hydrogen. Additionally, a new standard for measuring engineering data in gaseous hydrogen and evaluating materials suitability for service in gaseous hydrogen is introduced: the CHMC1 standard provides a general framework for qualifying materials for hydrogen service. The CHCM1 standard is unique in its broad scope and performance-based strategy for quantitatively assessing materials in their service environment and for the intended structural requirements.     

高速铰削双层合金材料的硬质合金铰刀

阐述叶片叶轮两种不同性能合金钢装配后的铆钉孔铰削问题,论述了加工铆钉孔用铰刀材料选择及刀具结构和几何角度设计,给出加工铆钉孔的工艺参数,说明了使用效果。     

Comparative impacts of wind and photovoltaic generation on energy storage for small islanded electricity systems

This paper addresses the annual energy storage requirements of small islanded electricity systems with wind and photovoltaic (PV) generation, using hourly demand and resource data for a range of locations in New Zealand. Normalised storage capacities with respect to annual demand for six locations with winter-peaking demand profiles were lower for wind generation than for PV generation, with an average PV:wind storage ratio of 1.768:1. For two summer-peaking demand profiles, normalised storage capacities were lower for PV generation, with storage ratios of 0.613:1 and 0.455:1. When the sensitivity of storage was modelled for winter-peaking demand profiles, average storage ratios were reduced. Hybrid wind/PV systems had lower storage capacity requirements than for wind generation alone for two locations. Peak power for storage charging was generally greater with PV generation than with wind generation, and peak charging power increased for the hybrid systems. The results are compared with those for country-scale electricity systems, and measures for minimising storage capacity are discussed. It is proposed that modelling of storage capacity requirements should be included in the design process at the earliest possible stage, and that new policy settings may be required to facilitate a transition to energy storage in fully renewable electricity systems.     

The impact of household consumption on energy use and CO2 emissions in China

In this paper, the consumer lifestyle approach is applied to analyze the impact of consumption by urban and rural households on energy use and CO₂ emissions for different regions and income levels in China. Grey Model is used to compare the relationship between energy consumption, consumption expenditure and CO₂ emissions for different lifestyles. The results show that direct energy consumption is diverse for urban households and simple for rural households in China. Direct energy consumption and CO₂ emissions are increasing faster for urban than for rural households. Indirect energy consumption and CO₂ emissions for urban households are much greater than the direct consumption values. The total indirect energy consumption and CO₂ emissions differ by regions and the structures are different, but the latter differences are not obvious. The impact of household income is enormous. Indirect energy consumption and CO₂ emissions are higher for high-income than for low-income households. The structural difference for indirect energy consumption and CO₂ emissions for households with different income levels is significant. The higher the income, the more diverse is the energy consumption and CO₂ emission structure. The structures for indirect energy use and CO₂ emissions are diverse for urban households, but simple for rural households.     

Energy conservation in the greenhouse system: A steady state analysis

We have evaluated the five typical shape of the greenhouse for energy conservation in winter months for a composite climate. An expression for the plant temperature has been used for steady state analysis. Numerical computation has been carried out for the climatic condition of Delhi, India. The evaluation of the shape of the greenhouse has been done for a given floor area. Additional energy required from other fuels to maintain the necessary temperature has also been considered. It has been observed that a standard peak uneven span is suitable for minimum use of liquefied petroleum gas for a given favourable plant temperature. Experimental validation of the thermal model has also been carried out.     

Alternative energy facilities based on site matching and generation unit sizing for remote area power supply

This paper presents the decision support technique and influencing factors in the design of an integrated solar-wind power system for stand-alone applications. Results of investigations on application of alternative energy facility like wind, photovoltaic (PV), and Integration of wind–PV power generating systems for Remote Area Power Supply have been presented. A weather model-based site matching of equipment and a simple numerical algorithm for generation unit sizing have been presented. The program has been used to determine the optimum generation capacity and storage needs for a stand-alone Wind, PV, and integrated wind–PV system for a remote site in India (Sukhalai situated near Suktawa in Hoshangabad district of Madhya Pradesh) that satisfies a typical load. Generation and storage units for each system are properly sized in order to meet the annual load demand for the above three scenarios. Annual average hourly values for load, wind speed, and insolation have been used for analysis. The results are used to justify the use of renewable energy source as a reliable option for remote areas.