有电子束聚焦作用的场发射阵列

讨论了对发射电子束具有聚焦作用的场发射阵列，并制作了样管，为了抑制发射电子束的发散，采用电子束聚焦的方法，中给出了三种结构的聚焦方案，开发的透明电阻层Ｎｉ－ＳｉＯ２保证了聚焦孔的刻蚀精度。     

双束投影管测试台中动态聚焦电路的研制

动态聚焦技术是为了改善显象管或投影管的边缘聚焦质量，动态的对屏幕中央及四周的聚焦差异进行补偿，从而达到提高整体分辨率的目的。作针对双束投影管测试台的要求，设计了其中的动态集聚电路，通过实验对比表明，用合适的聚焦电压，可以取得良好的聚焦效果。     

不锈钢材料在加速管中应用的研究

对ＮＹＺ－１８医用加速管，依据影响电子束流聚焦性能，要求不锈钢法兰磁导率μ≤１．０２。用磁导率测定仪测量１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ１９Ｔｉ不锈钢各种棒、板、管材在常用机械十的磁导率及其变化特点，为选择法兰材料及加工方法提供科学依据，同时研究加速腔焊接不锈钢法兰热膨胀现象引起腔内径变化的规律，松套哈佛式法兰密封与微波频率变化之间的相互影响。     

不锈钢材料在加速管中应用的研究

对NYZ－18医用加速管，依据影响电子束流聚焦性能，要求不锈钢法兰磁导率μ≤1．02。用磁导率测定仪测量1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢各种棒、板、管材在常用机械加工方法下的磁导率及其变化特点，为选择法兰材料及加工方法提供科学依据。同时研究加速腔焊接不锈钢法兰热膨胀现象引起腔内径变化的规律，松套哈佛式法兰密封与微波频率变化之间的相互影响。     

有电子束聚焦作用的场发射阵列

讨论了对发射电子束具有聚焦作用的场发射阵列 ,并制作了样管。为了抑制发射电子束的发散 ,采用电子束聚焦的方法。文中给出了三种结构的聚焦方案 ,开发的透明电阻层Ni SiO2 保证了聚焦孔的刻蚀精度     

双束投影管测试台中动态聚焦电路的研制

动态聚焦技术是为了改善显象管或投影管的边缘聚焦质量 ,动态的对屏幕中央及四周的聚焦差异进行补偿 ,从而达到提高整体分辨率的目的。作者针对双束投影管测试台的要求 ,设计了其中的动态聚焦电路。通过实验对比表明 ,用合适的聚焦电压 ,可以取得良好的聚焦效果     

阴极寿命的电流加速试验方法机理及结果

阴极寿命的加速试验一般采用温度加速寿命试验方法，有关电流加速寿命试验方法的文献不多。在研制氧化执分散型氧化物阴极时，分析了大电流密度对阴极的影响；为了避免测试用二极管阳极蒸发物对阴极的影响，采用了模拟电子枪发射系统的电子枪模拟管，并分析了这种测量管测试结果与标准二极管测试结果之间的关系。     

阴极寿命的电流加速试验方法机理及结果

阴极寿命的加速试验一般采用温度加速寿命试验方法，有关电流加速寿命试验方法的文献不多，在研制氧化钪分散型氧化物阴极时，分析了大电流密度对阴极的影响；为了避免测试用二极管阳极蒸发物对阴极的影响，采用了模拟电子枪发射系统的电子枪模拟管，并分析了这种测量管测试结果与标准二极管测试结果之间的关系。     

CSNS DTL真空泄漏解决方案

漂移管直线加速器（DTL）是CSNS直线加速器的重要组成部分，负责将脉冲流强为15m A的负氢离子束从3MeV加速到80MeV，再注入到快循环同步加速器（RCS）中实现进一步加速。为避免能量损失，离子束加速必须在高真空环境内完成。本文首先介绍DTL腔真空系统组成，然后对目前出现的真空泄漏情况进行分析，详细描述了Pickup泄漏、漂移管泄漏（包括漏水、漏气、内漏）等不同情况下真空泄漏解决方案，并通过Monte Carlo方法模拟计算，缩小检漏区域。由于漂移管泄漏频率较高，本文给出针对漂移管泄漏的规范操作流程，以提高检漏效率。     

激光电离反射式串级飞行时间质谱仪的离子轨迹模拟和性能研究

通过离子轨迹模拟用二阶空间聚焦条件设计的激光电离反射式串级飞行时间质谱仪的性能进行了研究，其中包括离子源在不同离子注入条件下的空间聚焦性能，有栅网和无栅网反射器的性能，栅丝效应，检测器平面位置以及质量门，光解点和后加速电极对性能的影响等。模拟结果对实际仪器的测试运行也提供了重要的参考依据。     

The production of intense atomic beams

Methods of producing multichannel capillary arrays in various materials for use as atomic beam forming devices are reviewed. The advantages of gas focusing arrays are considered. The theories of the flow of gas through a cylindrical tube are discussed. Completely general numerical and graphical results derived from Zugenmaier's theory are presented. Their use in designing gas beam systems is described. Data are presented in a convenient form for the experimentalist. Comparison of the numerical results with published experimental data is made. It is shown that, for most purposes, a capillary is best operated at an input pressure giving a mean free path which is less than 10% of the tube length. In an array, it is an advantage to have tubes of small diameter. With a focusing array, beam densities of up to 10¹⁴ atoms cm^?3 are predicted when the beam half width is 1°.     

A NEW MACHINE FOR COMBINED VAPOUR DEPOSITION AND ION IMPLANTATION

A low energy ion implanter has been adequately modified in order to perform reactive ion beam enhanced deposition (RIBED) and dynamic recoil ion mixing experiments under controlled conditions in a high vacuum environment (better than 10^-5Pa). The machine consists of a Duoplasmatron ion source, a mass analyzer, a target chamber adaptable for use with various samples, and a 2 crucible electron gun evaporator equipped with film thickness monitor

In this apparatus, independently controlled atom and ion beams of different species able to form the required compounds, impinge sequentially (or simultaneously) on a 4×8 cm²area with a good uniformity (10%). Ion mixing prevails in the first steps of the treatment, resulting in a good relative adhesion between substrate and film; then the RIBED film is grown up to typically 1 um, this thickness being equivalent to a total implanted dose of 1.0×10¹⁹ions/cm²with an excellent depth homogeneity and without sputtering limitations.     

用于静电加速器的高频离子源的设计和调试

研制了一台高频离子源 ,通过实验调试取得了引出电压、聚焦电压及放电气压对引出束流影响的变化曲线 ,从而获得高频离子源的最佳工作条件 ,并测定了引出束流的束径包络     

Numerical analysis of astigmatism correction in gradient refractive index lens based optical coherence tomography catheters

Endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) catheters comprise a transparent tube to separate the imaging instrument from tissues. This tube acts as a cylindrical lens, introducing astigmatism into the beam. In this report, we quantified this negative effect using optical simulations of OCT catheter devices, and discuss possible compensation strategies. For esophageal imaging, the astigmatism is aggravated by the long working distance. For intracoronary imaging, the beam quality is degraded due to the liquid imaging environment. A nearly circular beam profile can be achieved by a curved focusing optics. We also consider the method of matching refractive indices, and it is shown to successfully restore a round beam.     

Quantitative secondary neutral mass spectroscopy of thin films

A secondary ion mass spectrometer, having a liquid metal primary ion beam capable of focusing down to below 100 nm, has been adapted so that it can operate in conventional secondary ion or secondary neutral analysis mode. An electron beam is used to ionize the neutral species in the secondary neutral mass spectroscopy (SNMS) mode. Optimum operating conditions are reported including the use of an energy filter, which is shown to reduce background signals significantly. Typical results for various types of thin film coatings are reported including semiconductor materials, multilayer structures, metal oxides and metal alloys. A comparison of the SNMS data with that obtained in the secondary ion mass spectroscopy mode shows that the new technique provides more reliable quantitative data.     

A split-field drift tube for separation and efficient fragmentation of biomolecular ions

A new ion mobility instrument that incorporates a low-field region for ion separation and a high-field region for collisional activation is described. In this approach, mixtures of ions are separated based on differences in their mobilities in a approximately 20-cm-long low-field ( approximately 5 V cm(-)(1)) region of a drift tube. As the ions approach the drift tube exit, they are exposed to a large focusing potential drop; at high fields, ions are efficiently collisionally activated and dissociate as they exit the drift tube. We have demonstrated this approach by examining the fragmentation pattern for electrosprayed bradykinin ions. These studies show that the activation process is highly tunable; it is possible to modulate the field such that precursor ion mass spectra as well as several high-field collision-induced fragmentation patterns can be obtained. The approach also appears to be a simple means of activating protein ions, as demonstrated by examining electrosprayed myoglobin ions.     

A design for a 280-kV ion accelerator

The innovative design features for a 280-kV ion accelerator are described. These features include a versatile in-line ion injector which was modelled after a commercial ion gun and an acceleration tube and power-transfer system that were made, economically, in-house. The accelerator is capable of generating a mass-filtered ion beam of solid or gaseous species. Maximum beam current observed during initial trials with N₂⁺ was 0.6 μA at an acceleration potential of 50 kV, rising as acceleration potential was increased to 1.5 μA at 280 kV. Spot size remained invariant at approximately 3 mm diameter.     

Modeling and analysis of the induced signal detected in electrostatic ion beam trap for mass spectrometry

The induced image charge and image current acquired by a detector tube for mass analysis are simulated using a numerical electrostatic model in the context of the electrostatic ion beam trap (EIBT). With the simulation results, the principle of mass analysis using the induced signal is demonstrated and studied systematically. The results show that the intensity of the detected signal is significantly influenced by the size and configuration of the detector, and also impacted by ion velocity, the number of ions in the ion group, and the ion beam length. The simulation results could not only be used to optimize the size and configuration of the detector and thus to improve the detected signal, but also to support the signal analysis (such as FFT) at an EIBT for mass spectrometry.     

Experimental study of plasmonic structures with variant periods for sub-wavelength focusing: analyses of characterization errors

Characterization issues of plasmonic structures are highlighted and investigated in detail in this paper. Combining with the plasmonic structures functioning for sub-wavelength focusing, optical characterization was carried out using a near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) system. Characterization errors that originated from both the nanofabrication using a focused ion beam (FIB) direct milling technique and misalignment of the NSOM system were analyzed in comparison to the theoretical computational results. Our experimental results demonstrated that the focusing function of the structures is in agreement with that of the designed structure. However, the measured beam spot size is larger than the designed value due to the direct measurement error originating from the NSOM and the indirect error from the FIB fabrication process.     

A new low-energy ion implanter for bombardment of cylindrical surfaces

An ion implanter of cylindrical geometry is described suitable for uniform implantation at a few keV of inert gas ions of narrow energy distribution into conducting targets of axial symmetry. For helium implantation the ion current in the present device can easily be maintained at over 1 mA, allowing high dose implantation of large areas (several tens of cm²) in minutes. For temperature control of the target, a thermal shunt is incorporated. The sizes and the implantation energy of the device are scalable. Reactive gases can also be implanted with the device when operated at lower pressures and ion currents.