电磁阀电流对单缸电控柴油机性能的影响

为了探究单缸电控柴油机燃油喷射系统中电磁阀电流对柴油机性能的影响,对电磁阀电流驱动特性进行理论分析,利用GT-suite软件对驱动电流进行仿真分析,得出最优的电流;利用选取的电流对某单缸电控柴油机进行排放性能测试分析,确定最佳供油提前角;利用选取的最佳供油提前角对发动机缸内压力进行仿真分析。研究表明,气缸燃烧压力峰值的仿真与试验结果吻合,选取的电流和供油提前角组合合理。     

柴油机燃用甲醇/柴油混合燃料的参数优化

对柴油机的供油系统参数（包括启喷压力、供油提前角和每循环供油量）进行优化,采用EGR来进一步降低NOx排放。结果表明：经过供油参数优化后混合燃料柴油机的动力性和经济性与原机相当,但碳烟排放的最大降幅达到15.4%,NOx排放的最大降幅达到28.25%。     

高速直喷柴油机的燃烧特性和排放试验研究

本文对一台四缸高速直喷柴油机的燃烧和排放特性进行了试验研究,分析研究了负荷及燃油喷射压力和供油提前角对该柴油机的着火延迟、瞬时放热率、NOx、CO及HC排放的影响。结果显示随着负荷及燃油喷射压力的提高着火延迟缩短、NOx排放增加;随着供油提前角的推迟NOx排放显著减少;而CO和HC的排放量与负荷及供油提前角的关系不大。     

非道路风冷柴油机降低NO_x和PM排放研究

为了改善非道路F292风冷柴油机的NOx和PM排放性能,通过试验研究了不同燃烧室、EGR率和供油提前角的影响,在满足发动机动力性及经济性的情况下,优化匹配这些参数,满足美国环保局非道路第Ⅳ阶段排放标准。试验结果表明,EGR率为5.75%、10°CA BTDC供油提前角、燃烧室口径比为0.4和径深比为2条件下性能达到最优。     

供油提前角对生物柴油发动机性能影响的研究

在一台4缸涡轮增压直喷式柴油机上进行了柴油、生物柴油和生物柴油混合燃料的对比试验,研究了供油提前角对生物柴油发动机的动力性、经济性和排放特性的影响.研究结果表明:推迟供油提前角后生物柴油的动力性下降,对于B0和B20混合燃料,供油提前角提前2°CA时动力性最好,对于B100燃料,原机的供油提前角的动力性最好;柴油机供油提前角提前,3种燃料的经济性稍有改善,碳烟排放减少,NOx排放增多,在高转速时HC和CO排放基本不变.     

轻型柴油机EGR与喷油正时的协同性能研究

以一台高压共轨轻型柴油机为样机,研究废气再循环(exhaust gas recirculation,EGR)和喷油正时协同作用对发动机燃烧特性、燃油消耗率、氮氧化物(NOx)和HC排放的影响。研究结果表明:随着EGR率增大,缸内最大压力有所下降,瞬时放热率峰值有所减小。随着喷油提前角增加,缸内最大压力增大,瞬时放热率峰值先增大后减小。EGR率与缸内最大压力降幅、瞬时放热率峰值降幅均具有较好的线性关系。随着EGR率的增大和喷油提前角的减小,NOx排放降低,燃油耗增加,而且存在一个最佳的EGR率和喷油提前角的组合区域使HC排放达到最低。为了实现降低NOx排放的同时有效控制燃油消耗率和避免HC排放升高,低负荷时选择高EGR率并结合大喷油提前角的控制策略;中等负荷时选择适中EGR率结合适中喷油提前角的控制策略。     

供油提前角对柴油/甲醇混合燃料燃烧排放性能的影响

添加助溶剂并使用超声波振动形成混合均匀的柴油/甲醇混合燃料,通过柴油机台架试验,分析供油提前角变化对柴油/甲醇混合燃料燃烧排放的影响。试验结果表明:供油提前角提前,柴油/甲醇混合燃料的有效燃油消耗率降低。随着供油提前角减小,混合燃料滞燃期缩短,供油提前角为21°CA时,混合燃料的燃烧持续期最短,增加或减少供油提前角都将延长燃烧持续期。供油提前角变化对柴油/甲醇混合燃料的排放有较大影响,推迟供油,混合燃料的烟度排放和CO排放增加,NOx排放与HC排放降低。     

供油提前角对柴油/水煤浆混合燃料燃烧排放性能的影响

通过柴油机台架试验,分析了供油提前角变化对柴油/水煤浆混合燃料燃烧排放的影响.试验结果表明:当供油提前角调定为18 ℃A时,柴油/水煤浆混合燃料的有效燃油消耗率降低,热效率升高,燃烧持续期最短,增加或减少供油提前角都将延长燃烧持续期;供油提前角变化对柴油/水煤浆混合燃料的排放有较大影响,逐步增大供油提前角(由17到18 ℃A,再到19 ℃A),混合燃烧的烟度排放降低,Nox的排放先降低再升高,CO的排放先升高再降低,HC排放升高.     

内外部EGR控制二甲醚发动机的燃烧与排放

在一台改造过的2-135柴油机上通过气道引入二甲醚和CO2,模拟实现了内外部EGR控制二甲醚发动机燃烧与排放的试验研究.结果表明,燃烧过程包括二甲醚HCCI燃烧和缸内喷雾的预混及扩散燃烧;燃烧方式主要受内外部EGR率的影响而呈现不同的放热特征.缸内直喷燃烧采用较大供油提前角时,在较小内外部EGR率下可使NOx排放控制在50 x 10-6以下;在较小供油提前角和微量内外部EGR率下可实现二甲醚发动机两级预混合低温燃烧模式,NOx排放接近于零.采用适当的内外部EGR率,二甲醚发动机经济性与NOx排放可获得较好的折中.     

供油提前角对含水乙醇-生物柴油发动机性能的影响

在对含水乙醇和生物柴油互溶性研究的基础上,进行了不同供油提前角下B90A10混合燃料柴油机经济性与排放特性的对比试验研究。试验结果表明:生物柴油和含水乙醇具有良好的互溶性;柴油机原机供油提前角为18°CA BTDC时,B90A10有效燃油消耗率较低,供油提前角增大或减小都使燃油经济性不同程度地恶化;低负荷工况下,16°CA,18°CA,20°CA BTDC供油提前角时的CO排放水平相当;中、高负荷工况下,随着供油提前角的减小,CO排放量依次增大。随着供油提前角的增大,碳烟排放降低,而NOx排放上升,呈现折中(Trade-off)的关系;HC排放对供油提前角的变化不敏感,总体排放量接近。对B90A10混合燃料的台架试验结果分析表明,多组分B90A10混合燃料是一种较为理想的柴油机代用燃料。     

匹配皮卡车型的半电控VE泵柴油机的开发

针对匹配皮卡车型开发的CA4DC2-10E3V柴油机,在发动机试验台架上进行了喷油器、油嘴凸出高度、静态供油提前角和EGR的标定优化匹配。皮卡在底盘测功机上,通过匹配氧化型催化转化器和提前角的标定,排放通过了国Ⅲ限值;且整车排放循环油耗为8.4(L·(100km)-1)。     

ABSTRACTS

Development status of domestic and foreign hydraulic transmissions;Effect of advance angle of fuel supply on exhaust emissions for a diesel engine with EGR technology;Effect on noise of diesel engine under different atmospheric preessure and biodiesel blends;Application of digital governing system to V280/285 series marine diesel engine;     

Experimental study of the performances of a modified diesel engine operating in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion mode versus the original diesel combustion mode

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion mode provides very low NO_x and soot emissions; however, it has some challenges associated with hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, fuel consumption, difficult control of start of ignition and bad behaviour to high loads. Cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a common way to control in-cylinder NO_x production in diesel and HCCI combustion mode. However EGR has different effects on combustion and emissions, which are difficult to distinguish. This work is intended to characterize an engine that has been modified from the base diesel engine (FL1 906 DEUTZ-DITER) to work in HCCI combustion mode. It shows the experimental results for the modified diesel engine in HCCI combustion mode fueled with commercial diesel fuel compared to the diesel engine mode. An experimental installation, in conjunction with systematic tests to determine the optimum crank angle of fuel injection, has been used to measure the evolution of the cylinder pressure and to get an estimate of the heat release rate from a single-zone numerical model. From these the angle of start of combustion has been obtained. The performances and emissions of HC, CO and the huge reduction of NO_x and smoke emissions of the engine are presented. These results have allowed a deeper analysis of the effects of external EGR on the HCCI operation mode, on some engine design parameters and also on NO_x emission reduction.     

降低小型柴油机排放的试验研究

从生物混合燃料成分、燃烧室结构和排气再循环等方面探索降低柴油机排放的方法。通过对柴油机排放性能的大量试验研究,结果表明:对于直喷式柴油机,生物混合燃料的NOx排放与柴油的排放基本相当,碳烟排放则比柴油有较大幅度的降低,而涡流室柴油机,NOx的排放量却有大幅度的降低,碳烟排放则比直喷式柴油机有更大幅度的降低,生物燃料的添加比例对NOx的排放影响不大。柴油机采用排气再循环技术后,混合燃料的碳烟排放仍比柴油少,混合燃料可以承载一定的EGR率而不增加碳烟排放。排气再循环可以大幅度地降低NOx排放且与EGR率有关,与燃料的性质关系不大。涡流室柴油机采用生物燃料和排气再循环,可以同时降低NOx和碳烟的排放,排放效果非常优良。     

燃烧乙醇-柴油时发动机的性能与排放特性研究

在一台双缸直喷式柴油机上,对燃烧乙醇-柴油时发动机的燃油经济性和排放性进行试验。试验结果表明：与纯柴油相比,乙醇-柴油的当量燃油消耗率和CO排放量在较大负荷工况下有所减小,NOx和碳烟排放在各种工况下都显著降低,但HC的排放量增加;适当减小发动机的供油提前角,对提高燃油经济性和排放性有利。     

A renewable pathway towards increased utilization of hydrogen in diesel engines

In the present work, dual fuel operation of a diesel engine has been experimentally investigated using biodiesel and hydrogen as the test fuels. Jatropha Curcas biodiesel is used as the pilot fuel, which is directly injected in the combustion chamber using conventional diesel injector. The main fuel (hydrogen) is injected in the intake manifold using a hydrogen injector and electronic control unit. In dual fuel mode, engine operations are studied at varying engine loads at the maximum pilot fuel substitution conditions. The engine performance parameters such as maximum pilot fuel substitution, brake thermal efficiency and brake specific energy consumption are investigated. On emission side, oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and smoke emissions are analysed. Based on the results, it is found that biodiesel-hydrogen dual fuel engine could utilize up to 80.7% and 24.5% hydrogen (by energy share) at low and high loads respectively along with improved brake thermal efficiency. Furthermore, hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and smoke emissions are significantly reduced compared to single fuel diesel engine operation. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) has also been studied with biodiesel-hydrogen dual fuel engine operations. It is found that EGR could improve the utilization of hydrogen in dual fuel engine, especially at the high loads. The effect of EGR is also found to reduce high nitrogen oxide emissions from the dual fuel engine and brake thermal efficiency is not significantly affected.     

生物柴油对直喷式柴油机燃烧和排放的影响

列举了生物柴油的基本物化特性。介绍了生物柴油对直喷式柴油机燃烧和排放的影响。相比普通柴油,燃用生物柴油可以减少CO、CO_2、SO_2、HC、微粒以及碳烟的排放且不会影响柴油机工作性能。采用EGR、乳化油、多次喷射及微粒捕捉器等措施可以进一步降低使用生物柴油的微粒和NOx排放。生物柴油作为一种可再生的替代能源,以其良好的环境效应受到越来越多的关注。     

CA4D32-12型柴油机燃烧室及供油提前角的试验研究

对CA4D32-12型柴油机进行了燃烧室、静态供油提前角的试验研究,就这些因素对排放物的影响进行了分析,并确定了CA4D32-12型柴油机的优化匹配方案。通过优化匹配,进一步提高了CA4D32-12柴油机的性能和排放指标。     

Effect of exhaust gas recirculation on diesel engine nitrogen oxide reduction operating with jojoba methyl ester

Jojoba methyl ester (JME) has been used as a renewable fuel in numerous studies evaluating its potential use in diesel engines. These studies showed that this fuel is good gas oil substitute but an increase in the nitrogenous oxides emissions was observed at all operating conditions. The aim of this study mainly was to quantify the efficiency of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) when using JME fuel in a fully instrumented, two-cylinder, naturally aspirated, four-stroke direct injection diesel engine. The tests were carried out in three sections. Firstly, the measured performance and exhaust emissions of the diesel engine operating with diesel fuel and JME at various speeds under full load are determined and compared. Secondly, tests were performed at constant speed with two loads to investigate the EGR effect on engine performance and exhaust emissions including nitrogenous oxides (NO_x), carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and exhaust gas temperatures. Thirdly, the effect of cooled EGR with high ratio at full load on engine performance and emissions was examined. The results showed that EGR is an effective technique for reducing NO_x emissions with JME fuel especially in light-duty diesel engines. With the application of the EGR method, the CO and HC concentration in the engine-out emissions increased. For all operating conditions, a better trade-off between HC, CO and NO_x emissions can be attained within a limited EGR rate of 5–15% with very little economy penalty.     

Combustion performance and emission reduction characteristics of automotive DME engine system

This article is a condensed overview of a dimethyl ether (DME) fuel application for a compression ignition diesel engine. In this review article, the spray, atomization, combustion and exhaust emissions characteristics from a DME-fueled engine are described, as well as the fundamental fuel properties including the vapor pressure, kinematic viscosity, cetane number, and the bulk modulus. DME fuel exists as gas phase at atmospheric state and it must be pressurized to supply the liquid DME to fuel injection system. In addition, DME-fueled engine needs the modification of fuel supply and injection system because the low viscosity of DME caused the leakage. Different fuel properties such as low density, viscosity and higher vapor pressure compared to diesel fuel induced the shorter spray tip penetration, wider cone angle, and smaller droplet size than diesel fuel. The ignition of DME fuel in combustion chamber starts in advance compared to diesel or biodiesel fueled compression ignition engine due to higher cetane number than diesel and biodiesel fuels. In addition, DME combustion is soot-free since it has no carbon–carbon bonds, and has lower HC and CO emissions than that of diesel combustion. The NO_x emission from DME-fueled combustion can be reduced by the application of EGR (exhaust gas recirculation). This article also describes various technologies to reduce NO_x emission from DME-fueled engines, such as the multiple injection strategy and premixed combustion. Finally, the development trends of DME-fueled vehicle are described with various experimental results and discussion for fuel properties, spray atomization characteristics, combustion performance, and exhaust emissions characteristics of DME fuel.