连续SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料横向强度分析

连续SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料(SiCf/Ti)具有良好的综合性能,但其横向性能低于钛合金基体,为了准确地预测SiCf/Ti复合材料的横向强度,提出一种基于界面脱粘强度的计算模型。采用SiCf/Ti复合材料十字拉伸试件来测试复合材料的纤维/基体界面脱粘强度,并分析了热处理工艺对界面脱粘强度影响规律,以及不同纤维之间界面脱粘强度的差别。复合材料横向拉伸试件采用箔-纤维-箔方法制备,每个试件的纤维层数为10层,纤维百分数为30%左右。在不同温度条件下测试复合材料的横向拉伸强度,拉伸温度分别为室温、300,400,550℃,通过对比实验结果和模型预测结果,模型预测的结果与实验结果的误差不超过5%。     

连续SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料横向强度分析

连续SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料（SiCf／Ti）具有良好的综合性能,但其横向性能低于钛合金基体。为了准确地预测SiCf／Ti复合材料的横向强度,北京航空制造工程研究所赵冰等人提出一种基于界面脱粘强度的计算模型。采用SiCf／Ti复合材料十字拉伸试件来测试复合材料的纤维／基体界面脱粘强度,并分析了热处理时间对界面脱粘强度影响规律,以及不同纤维之间界面脱粘强度的差别。     

原位SiC颗粒增强MoSi_2基复合材料室温断裂韧度的效果与机制

以钼、硅、碳粉末为原料,采用湿法混合和原位反应热压一次复合工艺制备纯MoSi2及含原位SiC颗粒体积分数为40%的SiCP/MoSi2复合材料试样,并研究其显微结构和室温断裂韧度.结果表明,原位SiC使MoSi2基体晶粒得到明显细化,消除了脆性SiO2玻璃相,并阻碍SiCP/MoSi2复合材料断裂时的裂纹扩展而造成裂纹的偏转和桥接,最终使SiCP/MoSi2的室温断裂韧度比纯MoSi2有了大幅度的提高,达到4.91 MPa.m1/2.     

碳纤维增强建筑用ZL109合金的组织及拉伸性能分析

以M40J碳纤维作为增强材料,在铝镁系ZL109合金表面通过真空压力浸渗工艺处理得到体积比为50%的纤维增强Cf/Al基复合材料。通过实验测试手段研究其组织及力学性能,研究结果表明：Cf/Al基材料密度与基体合金相比发生了一定程度的减小,实现减重的效果。编织预制体经过浸渗处理后并未发生畸变,纤维束间隙受到基体金属的紧密填充,各纤维束保持整齐排列状态。纤维偏聚部位形成了一些微孔并产生微裂纹,纤维浸渗后引起了较大的畸变。C纤维与Al基体之间出现了界面反应。复合材料室温拉伸发生脆性断裂,在断裂区域纤维和基体达到了紧密结合状态。提高拉伸温度形成了更加不平整的断口组织和大量拔出纤维,形成了剪切破坏类型的断口。     

短Cf增强SiC基复合材料及制备压力和Cf含量对其性能的影响

采用先驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)法、联合液相硅漫渍(LSI)工艺和纤维干磨分散技术制备了纤维随机分布的、其体积分数ψ(Cf)分别为5%、10%和15%的短纤维增强SiC基复合材料,并研究了模压压力及纤维体积分数对该复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明纤维增强SiC基复合材料的力学性能随其模压压力变化有所改变,最佳模压压力为20 MPa;随短纤维体积分数ψ(Cf)在一定范围内增加,复合材料的性能有所上升,当ψ(Cf)为15%时,该复合材料的断裂韧性、弯曲强度、弹性模量和显微硬度(HV25)分别为4.42 MPa·m1/2、170.1 MPa、149.6GPa和5191.     

凝胶注模法制备碳纤维/氮化硅复合材料的微观结构与力学性能

通过化学气相沉积在短碳纤维表面制备C/Si C复合涂层,然后采用凝胶注模法制备纤维体积分数分别为2%和4%的Cf/Si3N4复合材料,利用X射线衍射与扫描电镜对该材料的物相与组织结构进行分析,研究短碳纤维对Si3N4陶瓷力学性能的影响。结果表明:随碳纤维体积分数增加,Cf/Si3N4复合材料的密度和抗弯强度降低,但断裂韧性明显提高。当纤维体积分数为4%时,材料的断裂韧性达到8.91 MPa·m1/2,比氮化硅陶瓷提高1.6倍,材料主要由长柱状的β-Si3N4基体、C/Si C涂层及碳纤维组成,碳纤维表面的C/Si C双涂层可防止高温下碳纤维与氮化硅基体发生反应,使碳纤维与氮化硅基体界面结合良好,以提高材料韧性并保证有合适的强度,满足功能材料在一定条件下的使用要求。     

短纤维增强C-SiC复合材料的制备和性能

将T700或Nicalon-SiC短纤维、碳粉、硅粉和少量碳化硅粉混合,在1900℃热压烧结制备短纤维增强C-SiC复合材料,并对其组织、结构及性能进行了研究。结果表明:SiCf／C-SiC的相对密度和室温强度分别为95.3％和24.38MPa,均高于Cf／C-SiC的相对密度和室温强度,热压烧结过程中Cf的损伤严重。短纤雄增强C-SiC复合材料中,由于C相和SiC相的同时存在,在同一温度下的氧化行为表现为在氧化初期氧化质量损失率较大,C相的氧化起主要作用;随氧化时间的增长,氧化质量损失率逐渐减小;在氧化后期则质量增加,SiC相的惰性氧化起主要作用。SiCf／C-SiC复合材料的抗氧化性能优于Cf／C-SiC复合材料的抗氧化性能。SiCf／C-SiC复合材料在温度为1100℃～1400℃时,温度越高,氧化质量损失率越小,抗氧化性能越强。     

苎麻纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料性能研究

通过密炼?注塑成型工艺制备了不同苎麻纤维含量的聚乳酸基复合材料,研究了纤维含量对复合材料性能的影响规律,并揭示了纤维增强机理。研究表明,苎麻纤维的添加提高了复合材料的耐热性能,尤其是当纤维质量分数为40%时,复合材料的热变形温度提高了10.5%。此外,苎麻纤维均匀地分散在基体中,由于纤维与聚乳酸的界面强度较弱,断面上有大量的纤维拔出和纤维孔洞;差示扫描量热仪测试表明高含量的纤维限制了聚乳酸分子链的运动,促进复合材料形成更加致密完善的晶核;同时,流变行为也表明苎麻纤维含量的增加有助于提高复合材料的黏弹响应和复合黏度;最后,苎麻纤维的加入提高了复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度,且随纤维含量的增加而增大。与聚乳酸相比,当纤维质量分数为40%时复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度分别提高了30%和21.9%。      

添加B对包渗法制备MoSi2涂层显微组织及静态抗氧化性能的影响

采用包渗法在Mo基体表面制备了B强化的MoSi2涂层,研究了涂层的显微结构、元素分布、相组成以及静态高温抗氧化性能。结果表明:涂层与基体之间通过扩散形成牢固的冶金结合,涂层整体厚度为80～120μm,共由三层组成。涂层中B元素沿晶界扩散富集引起的晶格畸变,使得Si在MoSi2中的扩散系数减小,导致B强化MoSi2涂层中间层厚度相对纯MoSi2涂层中间层厚度减小,但涂层整体厚度增大。经1200℃静态氧化2h后,B强化的Mo-Si2涂层失重为0.6mg/cm2,大大小于纯MoSi2涂层失重量(1.3mg/cm2),表面生成一层致密的SiO2为主体的氧化膜,阻止了涂层的进一步氧化。     

MoSi_2常温电泳沉积于碳/碳复合材料表面制备抗高温氧化涂层

为提高碳/碳复合材料抗高温氧化性,以粒度13μm左右的MoSi2粉末为原料,在乙醇溶液中于室温将MoSi2粉末电泳沉积在直径为30mm、厚度为5mm的碳/碳复合材料圆柱片表面,再经800℃氩气气氛烧结制得MoSi2涂层。电泳沉积的优化条件:电泳沉积电压95V,电极间距2cm,电泳沉积时间5 min。在此条件下制得的MoSi2涂层表面平坦、光滑,涂层质量为65.3mg,涂层平均厚度为46μm,涂层平均粘结强度为23.9 MPa。在优化电泳沉积条件下制得的MoSi2涂层可使碳/碳复合材料在1 500℃空气中静态氧化速率由原来的0.82%/min降至0.49%/min,80min内样品失重率由63%降为39%。在MoSi2涂层表面再涂覆一层Si-Al-O复合氧化物陶瓷涂层,可使样品氧化速率和样品失重率进一步分别减小为0.15%/min和11%。从对基材失重率的降低值贡献来说,双重涂层比单个涂层叠加效果要好,因此双重涂层对阻碍基材氧化可能有某种协同作用。     

Influences of matrix ductility,interfacial bonding strength,and fiber volume fraction on tensile strength of unidirectional metal matrix composite

A trial to predict the influences of ductility of matrix, interfacial bonding strength, and volume fraction of fiber on the tensile strength of unidirectional metal matrix composites was attempted by means of a Monte Carlo computer simulation method. The main results are summarized as follows. (1) The strength of strongly bonded composites increased with increasing ductility of matrix and then remained nearly constant. (2) When the matrix was ductile, the strength of composite increased with increasing interfacial bonding strength and then remained nearly constant. When the matrix was not ductile, the strength increased but then decreased with interfacial bonding strength. In this case, there was an optimum bonding strength, for which the strength of composite was highest. (3) Concerning the strength of composite as a function of volume fraction of fiber, there arose the case where it is approximately described by the rule of mixtures and also the case where it is not described by this rule, depending on the ductility of matrix, interfacial bonding strength, and scatter of strength of fiber.     

放电等离子烧结制备非连续石墨纤维/Cu复合材料

以磨碎中间相沥青基石墨纤维和铜粉为原料,通过放电等离子烧结(spark plasma sintering,SPS)制备非连续石墨纤维/Cu复合材料,对石墨纤维表面进行镀钛金属化处理,以改善材料的界面结合状况.研究SPS工艺参数、铜粉粒度搭配、石墨纤维表面镀钛以及石墨纤维含量对石墨纤维/Cu复合材料致密度及热导率的影响.结果表明,将平均粒度为12和80 μm的铜粉按1∶2的质量比搭配,再与表面镀钛石墨纤维按1∶1的体积比混合,采用35 MPa先加压后送热的加压方式,于895℃下进行放电等离子烧结,可获得致密度达99.6％、热导率为364 W/(m·K)的石墨纤维/Cu复合材料,是1种很有潜力的电子封装材料.石墨纤维表面镀覆的极薄Ti镀层,可使复合材料在二维平面方向上的热导率从196 W/(m·K)提高到364 W/(m·K).     

二硅化钼的制备与应用的新进展

二硅化钼是一种重要的高温发热材料和结构材料。本文首先介绍了用火花等离子烧结制备MoSi2及其复合材料的新工艺以及自蔓延高温合成技术(SHS)和机械合金化(MA)的新发展,然后分别就二硅化钼在高温结构材料、发热元件以及高温涂层等领域的应用作以总结和评述,并在此基础上提出了MoSi2材料未来的研究发展方向。     

Interfacial shear strength of cast and directionally solidified NiAl-sapphire fiber composites

The feasibility of fabricating intermetallic NiAl-sapphire fiber composites by casting and zone directional solidification has been examined. The fiber-matrix interfacial shear strengths measured using a fiber push-out technique in both cast and directionally solidified composites are greater than the strengths reported for composites fabricated by powder cloth process using organic binders. Microscopic examination of fibers extracted from cast, directionally solidified (DS), and thermally cycled composites, and the high values of interfacial shear strengths suggest that the fiber-matrix interface does not degrade due to casting and directional solidification. Sapphire fibers do not pin grain boundaries during directional solidification, suggesting that this technique can be used to fabricate sapphire fiber reinforced NiAl composites with single crystal matrices.     

炭/炭复合材料MoSi2/SiC抗氧化涂层的研究

采用包埋法制备C／C复合材料抗氧化MoSi2／SiC梯度涂层，同时对抗氧化涂层的形成、组织结构以及抗氧化性能与渗料的关系和抗氧化机理进行了研究。结果表明：采用包埋法制备的C／C复合材料抗氧化MoSi2／SiC梯度涂层致密，但有少量裂纹，涂层有良好的抗氧化效果。当硅与SiC保持一定的比例，渗料中MoSi2的含量为50％时，涂层具有最好的抗氧化效果；当MoSi2与SiC保持一定的比例，渗料中硅的含量为20％时，涂层具有最好的抗氧化效果。     

Influence of fabrication technique on the fiber pushout behavior in a sapphire-reinforced NiAl matrix composite

Directional solidification (DS) of “powder-cloth” (PC) processed sapphire-NiAl composites was carried out to examine the influence of fabrication technique on the fiber-matrix interfacial shear strength, measured using a fiber-pushout technique. The DS process replaced the fine, equiaxed NiAl grain structure of the PC composites with an oriented grain structure comprised of large columnar NiAl grains aligned parallel to the fiber axis, with fibers either completely engulfed within the NiAl grains or anchored at one to three grain boundaries. The load-displacement behavior during the pushout test exhibited an initial “pseudoelastic” response, followed by an “inelastic” response, and finally a “frictional” sliding response. The fiber-matrix interfacial shear strength and the fracture behavior during fiber pushout were investigated using an interrupted pushout test and fractography, as functions of specimen thickness (240 to 730 μm) and fabrication technique. The composites fabricated using the PC and the DS techniques had different matrix and interface structures and appreciably different interfacial shear strengths. In the DS composites, where the fiber-matrix interfaces were identical for all the fibers, the interfacial debond shear stresses were larger for the fibers embedded completely within the NiAl grains and smaller for the fibers anchored at a few grain boundaries. The matrix grain boundaries coincident on sapphire fibers were observed to be the preferred sites for crack formation and propagation. While the frictional sliding stress appeared to be independent of the fabrication technique, the interfacial debond shear stresses were larger for the DS composites compared to the PC composites. The study highlights the potential of the DS technique to grow single-crystal NiAl matrix composites reinforced with sapphire fibers, with fiber-matrix interfacial shear strength appreciably greater than that attainable by the current solid-state fabrication techniques.     

Infiltration of fiber preforms by an

Preforms of 20 vol pct SAFFIL alumina fibers are infiltrated with Al-4.4 wt pct Cu-0.3 wt pct Mg using a horizontal die casting machine. Fiber preform temperature is varied from 973 to 673 K. Solute distribution, fiber volume fraction, and matrix microstructure are characterized using optical metallography and electron microprobe analysis. Increases in fiber volume fraction are observed in the composites downstream of the infiltration path. We propose that these result from locking of the compressed fibers by solid metal present during infiltration. With this as- sumption, we find good agreement between theory presented in Parts I [1] and II [2] for solute concentration, fiber volume fraction distributions, as well as matrix microstructure and exper- iments. With an initial preform temperature of 673 K, freckles are found in the composite, which are interpreted to result from the combined effects of pressure and significant enrichment in solute at the infiltration front.     

Transverse strength of metal matrix composites reinforced with strongly bonded continuous fibers in regular arrangements

The composite limit flow stress for transverse loading of metal matrix composites reinforced with a regular array of uniform continuous fibers is calculated using the finite element method. The effects of volume fraction and matrix work hardening are investigated for fibers of circular cross section distributed in both sqyare and hexagonal arrangements. The hexagonal arrangement is seen to behave isotropically with respect to the limit stress, whereas the square arrangement of fibers results in a composite which is much stronger when loaded in the direction of nearest neighbors and weak when loaded at 45° to this direction. The interference of fibers with flow planes is seen to play an important role in the strengthening mechanism. The influence of matrix hardening as a strengthening mechanism in these composites increases with volume fraction due to increasing fiber interaction. The results for a power law hardening matrix are also applicable to the steady state creep for these composites. The influence of volume fraction on failure parameters in these composites is addressed. Large increases in the maximum values of hydrostatic tension, equivalent plastic stain, and tensile stress normal to the fiber-matrix interface are seen to accompany large increases in composite strength.     

Fiber and interface fracture in singlecrystal aluminum/SiC fiber composites

Model metal-matrix composite tensile specimens, each containing a single SiC fiber in a single crystal of pure Al, were grown using a modified Bridgman method at two growth rates and with various fiber surface treatments in order to study their effect on fiber and interface strength. Using the load drops in tensile tests, we measured both fiber and interface strengthin situ. Acoustic emission (AE) was monitored to assist in determining the failure mechanisms. Both the fiber surface treatment and growth rate were found to significantly affect the fiber and interface strength. Fibers with carbon-rich outer surfaces had higher fiber strengths but lower interfacial strengths than untreated fibers. These results are discussed in terms of failure mechanisms and interfacial reactions occurring during growth of the composites.