基于AMESim的新型缓冲稳压型减压阀仿真研究

传统直动式减压阀出口压力稳定性差,在外加负载发生突变时尤其明显。为解决此问题,设计一种新型缓冲稳压型减压阀。对阀的动态特性进行分析,并利用AMESim仿真软件建立减压阀仿真模型,仿真分析稳压阻尼口直径、稳压活塞质量及稳压弹簧预紧力等关键参数对阀性能的影响。结果表明:稳压阻尼口直径对减压阀动态特性影响较大,而稳压活塞质量及稳压弹簧预紧力对减压阀动态特性影响较小。所得结论为减压阀的改进及优化设计提供了参考。     

低换向冲击直动式非线性比例换向阀设计与仿真

为了进一步降低比例换向阀换向时产生的压力冲击,设计了流量特性曲线为非线性曲线的直动式非线性比例换向阀,在AMESim中建立了直动式非线性比例阀及试验台仿真研究模型。仿真研究表明,该阀与线性比例阀相比,可以进一步有效降低换向冲击。证明了直动式非线性比例换向阀设计正确,仿真模型建立正确,可用于相关研究。     

复合磁-电弹簧直动式溢流阀设计与性能分析

为了解决传统机械弹簧因塑性变形、断裂等造成溢流阀工作性能劣化的问题,设计一种复合磁-电弹簧结构应用于直动式溢流阀调压弹簧中,以提高直动式溢流阀的响应速度,实现电控弹簧力。理论分析复合磁-电弹簧磁力特性,利用Maxwell软件对复合磁-电弹簧进行磁力特性仿真;采用AMESim软件对机械弹簧直动式溢流阀和复合磁-电弹簧直动式溢流阀进行动态特性仿真。对复合磁-电弹簧磁力特性及溢流阀的动态特性进行实验测试。结果表明：复合磁-电弹簧设计合理,复合磁-电弹簧直动式溢流阀动态响应特性优于现有机械弹簧直动式溢流阀。     

气体瞬态力对减压阀动态特性的影响分析

气体瞬态力是影响减压阀动态性能一个重要的非线性因素之一,本文从可压缩流体力学的动量方程出发,对减压阀阀腔的气体参数采用集中参数来处理,推导出了考虑气体可压缩性情况下的气体瞬态力的计算公式,得出了可压缩流体与不可压缩流体的瞬态力之间的关系,并分析了其对减压阀的动态特性的影响。仿真结果表明在控制体积与低压腔体积之比很小的情况下,其气体的瞬态力对减压阀动态特性的影响不是很明显。     

高压管汇三通冲蚀磨损特性研究

目的 研究在页岩气开采过程中,含砂压裂液对高压管汇三通冲蚀磨损的影响规律及主要影响因素.方法 基于两相流颗粒冲蚀理论建立三通冲蚀数值计算模型,预测三通在使用过程中易发生冲蚀磨损的部位,研究三通方位夹角,压裂液入口流量、固相颗粒体积分数、颗粒直径和压裂液密度对三通冲蚀速率的影响.结果 Y型三通和歧型三通冲蚀最严重的部位均在支管与主管的相贯线上.在控制单因素变量的前提下,随着方位夹角从30°增加到150°时,Y型三通的最大冲蚀速率增大了12.7倍.而随着方位夹角从30°增加到90°时,歧型三通的最大冲蚀速率增大了1.85倍,并且最大值出现在60°附近.随着压裂液入口流量从0.5 m3/min增加到2.5 m3/min,Y型三通的最大冲蚀速率增大了232.5倍;随着压裂液入口流量从1 m3/min增加到4 m3/min,歧型三通的最大冲蚀速率增大了7.5倍.同时随着固相颗粒体积分数从2％增加到10％,粒径从200μm增加到600μm,密度从1000 kg/m3增加到1400 kg/m3,Y型三通的最大冲蚀速率分别增大了4.4倍、0.63倍、1.3倍,而歧型三通的最大冲蚀速率分别提高了4.4倍、0.58倍、1.06倍.结论 两种三通的最大冲蚀速率均随着入口流量、固相颗粒体积分数的增加而变大,随粒径的增加而减小.Y型三通的最大冲蚀速率随空间夹角、压裂液密度的增加而变大,但歧型三通的空间夹角为60°时冲蚀最严重,且压裂液密度对其影响较小.     

电磁搅拌对Q345D连铸坯凝固组织的影响

以五矿营口中板有限责任公司(简称五矿营钢)生产的Q345D钢种为研究对象,借助商业软件ProCAST,采用元胞自动机-有限元耦合方法对不同二冷区电磁搅拌强度下,Q345D钢连铸坯凝固组织进行了数值模拟研究。同时,与有无电磁搅拌条件下实际生产的连铸坯组织对比分析,证明模拟结果与试验结果吻合。研究结果表明:当频率为6 Hz,电磁搅拌强度从0 A增加到400 A时,连铸坯内部等轴晶比例逐渐增加,从19.99%增长到了41.39%;晶粒平均半径从1.73×10~(-3)m减小到1.68×10~(-3)m,晶粒平均尺寸从8.21×10~(-6)m~2减少到6.99×10~(-6)m~2,晶粒细化明显。与未施加电磁搅拌相比较,在电磁搅拌的作用下,随着电磁搅拌强度的增加,连铸坯质量有了显著的改善。     

2D电液比例换向阀用一体式弹性压扭联轴器的ANSYS仿真分析

压扭联轴器是2D电液比例换向阀机构中最为关键的部件。传统直动式电液比例换向阀由于比例电磁铁推力有限,无法实现高压大流量控制,针对此现象,在保证直动式阀结构简单基础上,设计了一体式弹性压扭联轴器,通过其自身的材料和几何变形,将比例电磁铁的直线推力转为阀芯的扭转力矩,应用ANSYS软件进行仿真,结果显示:在比例电磁铁输入直线推力80 N、输入位移为2 mm时,输出扭矩为2 N·m,在无摩擦的情况下实现了力的放大,仿真结果对优化其结构具有一定理论参考价值。     

带预压缩腔结构的柱塞泵出口流量分析及实验

以某型号带预压缩腔结构的高压柱塞泵为对象,建立该柱塞泵内部流体模型,利用计算流体动力学软件PUMPLINX对该柱塞泵内部流体动力学进行仿真,分析负载压力、转速以及不同的预压缩腔结构参数对高压柱塞泵出口流量脉动率的影响。结果表明:当预压缩腔节流孔直径分别为2、3和4 mm时,泵出口流量脉动率分别为39.87%、16.43%和17.67%;当预压缩腔节流孔跨度分别为5°、9°和12°时,泵出口流量脉动率分别为17.56%、13.21%和14.15%;当预压缩腔体积从200 cm^3增大至300 cm^3时,泵出口流量脉动率从22.67%减小至14.41%,当预压缩腔体积继续从300 cm^3增大至400 cm^3时,泵出口流量脉动率基本保持不变。该仿真结果为泵内部预压缩腔结构的设计与优化奠定了理论基础。最后对该高压柱塞泵进行了流量测试实验,实验结果与仿真结果一致,证明了仿真数据的正确性。     

载荷及摩擦频率对Al-Mg2Si复合涂层摩擦性能的影响

目的研究载荷及摩擦频率对Al-Mg_2Si复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响。方法用高速往复摩擦磨损测试仪考察了不同载荷及摩擦频率下的Al-Mg_2Si复合涂层的摩擦系数,并用SEM和超景深三维显微镜检测分析磨痕的表面形貌、磨痕深度和体积,对比分析载荷及摩擦频率的影响。结果载荷一定时,随着摩擦频率的增大,摩擦系数呈下降趋势,体积磨损率呈上升趋势。频率为3 Hz时,摩擦系数最小,为0.50;体积磨损率最大,为166.08×10~(-4) mm~3/(N·mm)。频率从1 Hz增至3 Hz时,摩擦系数减少了0.65,体积磨损率增加了3.1倍。频率一定时,随着载荷的增加,摩擦系数和体积磨损率均呈增加趋势。载荷为15 N时,摩擦系数和体积磨损率最大,分别为0.93和126.27×10~(-4) mm~3/(N·mm)。载荷从5 N增至15 N时,摩擦系数增加了0.27,体积磨损率增加了0.4倍。结论与载荷相比,摩擦频率对Al-Mg_2Si复合涂层摩擦性能的影响更大。     

某型发动机用减压阀性能建模研究

设计一种直接作用式波纹管减压阀,介绍其工作原理,基于计算流体动力学方法对其内部流场进行分析;运用力学方程、流量方程和连续性方程建立其数学模型,利用AMESim仿真软件对其静态特性进行分析,并通过试验验证仿真模型准确性;分析主要结构参数如主弹簧刚度、弹簧腔及反馈腔阻尼孔直径、阀芯直径以及阀芯及波纹管组件质量对其动态特性的影响。结果表明：增大主弹簧刚度、弹簧腔及反馈腔阻尼孔直径,均能改善减压阀的动态特性;增大或减小阀芯直径和阀芯及波纹管组件质量,对其动态特性影响较小,但阀芯直径的增大,会使得出口稳定压力也相应增大。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.