基于相控外差干涉技术的纳米定位方法的研究

针对工业领域和计量界对定位精度要求的提高,提出了一种基于迈克尔逊干涉仪反向特性的定位控制方法。该方法采用相位锁定控制和外差干涉技术来完成位置测量和控制。在严格控制实验环境条件下,得到了步距值为5 nm的双向步进位移。步距值的不确定度为8×10-9 nm,位移重复性误差小于1 nm。该定位方法的测量尺寸可直接溯源至长度标准,并且采用光电步进相移法可克服压电陶瓷的非线性和蠕变的机械缺陷。该方法在系统环境控制条件下适用于毫米行程位移,可应用于纳米计量和超精密加工等领域。     

大行程精密定位超磁致伸缩驱动器的设计与控制

实现一种新型的固态智能材料驱动大行程精密驱动器的设计和控制。基于超磁致伸缩驱动原理和柔性铰链放大机构,采用非永磁和永磁偏置驱动器粗—精驱动组合设计,研制大行程精密超磁致伸缩组合驱动器。建立永磁偏置下的电磁、永磁复合磁场激励的驱动器位移控制系统传递函数模型,实现了粗、精分级精密定位控制方法。实现一套超磁致伸缩组合驱动器原型样机,并进行了精密定位驱动试验验证测试。试验结果证明系统模型的准确性和控制方法的有效性,样机驱动行程可达0.71 mm。并测得在温升负效应情况下,控制行程在0.6 mm范围内,所设计超磁致伸缩组合驱动器位移分辨率为±30 nm,驱动位移精度达±90 nm。研究成果可广泛用于基于固态智能材料驱动的大行程精密驱动装置的设计和实现。     

大行程纳米级步距压电电动机

介绍了一种基于尺蠖运动原理的大行程纳米级步距压电电动机。在结构设计方面,变传统单驱动器结构为双驱动器结构,采用新颖的推—拉接力运动原理,配以适当的四路驱动信号,实现了压电电动机的连续匀速运动。通过试验对电动机的性能进行了测试,结果表明：电动机的运动位移是线性的,运动速度在驱动电压为300 V时可达12 mm/s,最小步距小于6 nm,行程大于10 mm。     

基于微操作的大行程高分辨率旋转微驱动器的研究

根据仿生学原理,采用分立式布局,研制出大行程高分辨率旋转微驱动器.该微驱动器采用电磁铁箝位、压电陶瓷驱动的爬行式步进机构形式,实现了光学镜面的二维微调整操作.实验表明,该微驱动器具有分辨率高、行程大、步距可变等特点,也适用于其它微操作中大行程高分辨率的旋转驱动.     

杠杆式尺蠖压电直线驱动器

设计了一种基于尺蠖运动原理的压电直线驱动器,用于解决光学领域中的精密定位问题。该驱动器采用了对称杠杆式位移放大机构,在保证钳紧力的同时,可以获得较大的驱动位移。阐述了尺蠖式压电驱动器的工作原理,对杠杆式柔性放大机构的位移损失、压电陶瓷与柔性机构的耦合特性及箝位机构与中间驱动机构的刚度进行了分析。利用有限元软件Ansys对钳位机构和驱动机构的变形、应力、输出位移和固有频率等参数进行了仿真分析。最后,搭建了实验平台,测试了驱动器的各项性能。测试结果显示,该驱动器的行程为±25mm,钳紧力为17N,承载力为11N,最大和最小步距分别为55μm和60nm。当驱动电压为150V时,驱动器的最高驱动速度为1.259mm/s。得到的性能指标满足光学领域精密定位需要。     

压电陶瓷驱动系统及控制方法研究

给出了一种压电陶瓷驱动系统的控制方法,利用VB中的Timer控件和压电陶瓷电源的DLL动态连接库函数,实现了控制电压的实时可编程输出。针对压电陶瓷驱动器的非线性和迟滞特性,应用MATLAB分别拟合出压电陶瓷驱动器在往返行程中电压与位移值的多项式拟合曲线,得到了电压与位移的关系式,为进一步修正和减少非线性及迟滞误差的影响、提高系统的定位精度,提供了分析的依据。     

压电驱动超精密定位工作台的研究

研究、设计了一种压电式超精密微定位工作台。此工作台在伺服电机驱动的滚珠丝杠进给系统的基础上，采用压电陶瓷作为微位移驱动器，柔性铰链为导向机构，对工作台运动位置自动补偿，实现了超精密定位。文中对柔性铰链机构进行了合理的设计，以实现长行程超精密定位。压电陶瓷配合柔性铰链使用使工作台定位精度达到0．01μm，可满足精密、超精密加工需要。     

基于显微视觉的亚像素压电陶瓷驱动特性测量

为了得到纳米操作压电陶瓷驱动器高精度的驱动特性,提出一种基于显微视觉的亚像素位移测量方法。本文采用Harris角点初始定位,对标准的栅格图像序列进行角点匹配,获得模板匹配的初始区域。并提出了二元拉格朗日插值与二元非线性Newton-Raphson迭代算法的亚像素位移测量方法,能够在保证良好测量精度的同时有效地减少亚像素匹配中耗时的相关计算。最后使用改进的亚像素图像块匹配方法对实际的压电陶瓷驱动器的驱动特性进行了测量,并与真实结果和理论模型描述结果进行了对比。实验结果表明,该算法位移测量精度高、稳定性好,得到的压电陶瓷驱动特性曲线符合物理分析结果,能够满足高精度的微纳米测量要求。     

基于压电纤维的微位移驱动器的研究

基于压电纤维复合材料特性研究,设计了一种新型的压电式微位移驱动器,它能够实现60μm的行程和亚微米量级的定位精度。对驱动器的电压-位移特性、分辨率以及迟滞和蠕变特性进行了实验研究,研究表明,相比于传统的压电陶瓷式微位移驱动器,这种新型的压电纤维微位移驱动器拥有更大的行程和更好的位移线性关系。本研究对压电纤维复合材料在微驱动方面的研究奠定了理论基础。     

超声电机微纳驱动参数调节机构设计

为解决超声电机驱动轨迹及微行程纳米定位的可控问题,设计了一种基于双压电陶瓷驱动的调节机构,将双压电陶瓷驱动与超声电机驱动轨迹及微行程纳米定位控制关联起来,并利用ANSYSWorkbench有限元分析软件对调节机构进行了分析。通过对双压电陶瓷施加0～54V调节电压的实验,证实了调节机构能够使超声电机驱动头在x和y两个方向上获得所需的微纳米调节功能,调节范围为,x方向±1.2～±2.36μm,y方向±4.0μm,调节分辨率1～2nm,满足超声电机对驱动轨迹及微行程纳米定位的参数控制要求。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.