稀疏分解在动态测试信号处理中的应用

针对动态测试过程采样率高,噪声大的情况,提出一种基于Gabor原子库稀疏分解的去噪压缩方法.该方法利用匹配追踪算法将信号在超完备Gabor原子库中迭代分解,并采用相干比阈值作为迭代终止条件,可以根据信号噪声水平自适应调整迭代次数.针对匹配追踪算法计算量大的缺点,引入一种自适应遗传算法加以改进,提高了计算效率.试验结果证明了该算法可以有效去除高频噪声,并且实现信号大幅压缩.     

改进小波阈值-形态学融合算法在振动信号误差抑制中的应用

针对机械装备振动信号采集中含有脉冲噪声及高斯噪声等多种复杂污染源的信号误差抑制去噪,设计了小波阈值和形态学融合算法.首先,在高斯平滑思想上引入改进的小波阈值函数,能够调节阈值函数向小波分解系数真值的收敛趋势达到有效去除高斯噪声及避免稳态偏差的目的,对比几种常用的函数算法,提出的阈值函数取得了在信噪比提升及均方根误差抑制...     

结合压缩感知和曲波的天文图像去噪

在天文图像去噪中,为了提高迭代曲波阈值算法的去噪重建性能,提出了基于循环平移和曲波维纳滤波的压缩感知迭代重构算法。首先,使用基于曲波阈值的循环平移方法对重构图像进行调整以抑制重构图像中的伪吉布斯效应;接着,用提出的曲波维纳滤波算子替代小波阈值在迭代过程中对图像曲波系数进行筛选以进一步提高重构图像的质量。通过对添加高斯白噪声的Lena图像和月球图像进行重构实验,分析本文算法和当前主流算法的性能。实验结果表明,与传统的压缩感知迭代曲波阈值算法相比,本文算法能够获得较优的去噪性能,有效地保护天文图像的细节信息,峰值信噪比大约提高了2.6~3.2dB。     

角加速度信号自适应小波的去噪方法

针对多扰动、大负载环境下角加速度计输出信号中含有脉冲噪声和高斯白噪声的情况,提出一种改进的离散小波阈值法与中值滤波算法相结合的角加速度计信号自适应去噪算法。首先,使用中值滤波对原始信号进行去除脉冲噪声的预处理;其次,使用分解层数的自适应确定方法与改进的阈值选取准则,通过离散小波阈值去噪法去除高斯白噪声。仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效地提高信噪比,降低最小均方误差。实验结果表明,该算法既能去除分子型液环式角加速度计信号中噪声,又能很好地保留真实信号中的高动态部分。     

基于小波变换的低场脉冲核磁共振系统高斯白噪声估计

介绍了以小波分析理论为基础，结合小波阈值去噪算法找到一种有效的噪声分离方法。采用该方法从实际低场脉冲核磁共振系统噪声信号中分离出高斯白噪声并对其进行了参数估计。该方法还可以用于其它信号处理领域高斯白噪声的估计。     

一种基于小波迭代优化的局部放电降噪算法研究

目前,局部放电检测已经成为判断GIS安装运行状况的重要依据,超高频法局部放电检测方法由于其被动干扰小且可以定位,因此得到了广泛应用。各类噪声会淹没微小的回波信号,因此必须进行去噪处理,以提高检测的灵敏度。现针对基于小波变换的局部放电超高频检测算法进行了研究,设计了小波检测算法。传统的小波降噪算法是通过软硬阈值来实现降噪的目的的,有着一定的局限性,鉴于此,提出一种基于迭代优化的算法实现阈值的逐级优化和动态调整,据此得出基于迭代优化的小波去噪算法。仿真表明,所提算法一开始随着迭代次数的增加,噪声误差急速下降,在迭代过程中取得最小值后,迭代次数继续增加,性能不再有明显的提升,由此证明所提方法确实可以改善降噪的性能。     

金属材料小缺陷超声反射信号建模及识别

为了能从含噪声金属材料超声检测信号中有效识别出微小缺陷回波,建立了金属材料超声反射信号模型并提出了基于相关系数的微小缺陷回波识别方法。对含微小缺陷金属材料超声脉冲反射信号的成分进行分析,建立了基于散射声场与高斯回波理论的优化超声回波模型。设计了超声缺陷回波位置识别方法。该方法对超声脉冲反射信号去噪后,取探头发射脉冲信号为参考信号;然后与去噪后的信号逐段求解相关系数;最后对该相关系数序列进行阈值化处理,获得缺陷回波在超声回波信号中的位置。将利用上述优化超声回波模型生成的超声反射信号及其频谱与实验获得的金属材料超声反射信号及其频谱进行了对比,结果表明:两者的时频域特征具有一致性。当将阈值设定为相关系数序列最大值的60%时,能够有效从超声背散射信号中识别出金属材料微小缺陷回波。     

皮带机故障诊断中基于自适应小波阈值去噪法的应用

皮带机故障信号中包含大量运行信息，采集故障信号进行去噪处理有利于故障状态识别。为了进一步提高小波阈值去噪方法在强噪声背景下微弱故障信号提取能力，设计了一种基于改进自适应阈值的小波阈值去噪法的皮带机故障诊断方法。研究结果表明：进行小波阈值去噪时未进行阈值函数优化，在阈值选取缺乏灵活性。以自适应小波阈值去噪时，可以获得更平滑的阈值曲线，能够满足最优去噪性能。采用小波阈值去噪时并未达到理想去噪效果，存在明显噪声成分，并且获得了更大均方根误差；完成小波阈值改进后获得理想去噪效果，更准确保留有用信号，使噪声信号被充分去除，实现信噪比的明显提升。该研究可以拓宽到其它传动设备上，对后续的故障状态识别奠定理论基础。     

基于小波变换的非接触式电导信号去噪研究

耦合毛细管电泳技术的非接触式电导检测器在检测痕量化学物质时具有较高的灵敏度,然而噪声会导致获得的信号检测结果存在偏差。针对非接触式电导检测信号的数据特点,提出基于小波变换的阈值去噪方法:利用高斯函数模型和高斯白噪声模拟仿真非接触式电导信号曲线,继而逐步选取不同的参数来得到多个去噪结果,并选择若干评价指标对去噪结果进行评价,从而确定最优去噪参数。同时,将小波变换算法与其他常用去噪算法进行对比,验证其优越性。最后将最优参数代入小波阈值去噪算法,对三种痕量无机离子的非接触式电导信号进行去噪处理。实验结果表明:三种痕量无机离子的电导信号经过去噪处理后,信噪比显著提高,数据曲线光滑,且保留了数据特征,具有可行性及有效性。     

应用分层自适应匹配追踪重构MEMS陀螺信号

对含噪微机械系统(MEMS)陀螺信号进行小波分解重构时,真实信号对应的小波系数很难选取,故本文提出一种分层自适应匹配追踪算法(LAMP)来解决上述问题。建立了含噪MEMS陀螺信号中信号小波系数稀疏提取架构,将信号小波系数提取问题转化为含噪信号中信号小波系数稀疏性的恢复问题。比较已有稀疏重构算法,采用一种新的LAMP算法,在各种可能的小波系数组合中挑选出分解系数最为稀疏的一组,以此消除信号中的噪声小波系数,进而重构MEMS陀螺信号。实验表明:提出的LAMP算法的稀疏重构效果优于其他迭代贪婪重构算法;基于LAMP的信号稀疏小波重构方法,可以有效去除MEMS陀螺信号的大量噪声;去噪前后,纯MEMS陀螺数据解算的方位角平均累积误差由10.060 2(°)/h减小到5.034 6(°)/h,优于传统小波阈值重构法平均累积误差8.596 8(°)/h,显示了较好的应用效果。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.