应用BCB材料进行硅-玻璃气密性封装的实验与理论研究

应用苯并环丁烯(BCB)材料对硅片和玻璃片进行了250℃下的圆片级低温键合实验,同时进行了300℃下的硅片与玻璃片阳极键合实验,并对其气密性和剪切力特性进行了对比研究.测试结果表明:在250℃的低温键合条件下,经过500kPa He气保压2h,BCB封装后样品的气密性达到(5.5±0.5)×10-4Pa cc/s He;剪切力在9.0～13.4 MPa之间,达到了封装工艺要求;封装成品率达到100%.这表明应用BCB材料键合是一种有效的圆片级低温气密性封装方法.还根据渗流模型理论,讨论了简易模型下气密性(即渗流率)和器件腔体边缘到划片边缘的间距的关系.     

应用BCB材料进行硅-玻璃气密性封装的实验与理论研究

应用苯并环丁烯(BCB)材料对硅片和玻璃片进行了250℃下的圆片级低温键合实验,同时进行了300℃下的硅片与玻璃片阳极键合实验,并对其气密性和剪切力特性进行了对比研究.测试结果表明:在250℃的低温键合条件下,经过500kPa He气保压2h,BCB封装后样品的气密性达到(5.5±0.5)×10-4Pa cc/s He;剪切力在9.0～13.4 MPa之间,达到了封装工艺要求;封装成品率达到100%.这表明应用BCB材料键合是一种有效的圆片级低温气密性封装方法.还根据渗流模型理论,讨论了简易模型下气密性(即渗流率)和器件腔体边缘到划片边缘的间距的关系.     

用苯并环丁烯进行圆片级硅–硅气密性键合

应用苯并环丁烯(BCB)材料对硅片进行了圆片级低温键合,并研究了其在气密性封装工艺中的应用。测试表明:在250℃的低温键合条件下,封装后样品的气密性优于3.0×10–4Pa.cm3/sHe;剪切力达4.7MPa以上;封装样品合格率达94%以上;通过热循环可靠性测试之后仍具有很好的气密性。BCB是一种较理想的圆片级低温气密性健合封装材料。     

MEMS低温圆片级键合密封工艺研究

研究了一种使用非光敏苯并环丁烯(BCB)材料的低温硅片级键合,并将其用于压力谐振传感器封装.采用AP3000作为BCB中的黏结促进剂,将谐振片与硅片或Pyrex 7740玻璃晶圆键合,程序简单,低成本,密封性能较高,且键合温度低于250℃.通过拉伸实验,这种键合的剪切强度高于40 MPa.所以此硅片级键合适用于压力传感器的封装.     

基于BCB键合的MEMS加速度计圆片级封装工艺

对基于BCB的圆片级封装工艺进行了研究,该工艺代表了MEMS加速度计传感器封装的发展趋势,是MEMS加速度计产业化的关键。选用3000系列BCB材料进行MENS传感器的粘结键合工艺试验,解决了圆片级封装问题,在低温250℃和适当压力辅助下≤2．5bar（1bar=100kPa）实现了加速度计的圆片级封装,并对相关的旋涂、键合、气氛、压力等诸多工艺参数进行了优化。     

MEMS圆片级封装用Cu-Sn低温键合机理与工艺研究

研究了利用低温等温凝固技术实现Cu-Sn键合在MEMS圆片级封装中的应用.基于Cu-Sn二元平衡相图,对键合层结构进行了设计,同时设计了用于测试的键合图形,并对设计的键合结构进行了流片实验.通过对圆片制作及键合等工艺的一系列优化,在250℃的低温条件下生成了熔点为415℃的金属间化合物,获得了良好的键合层.得到的键合样品剪切力强度值达到了GJB548B-2005标准的要求.研究表明,Cu-Sn等温凝固键合技术具有实际应用的潜力.     

基于聚合物介质的低温硅硅键合研究

聚合物低温键合技术是MEMS器件圆片级封装的一项关键技术。以苯并环丁烯(BCB)、聚对二甲苯(Parylene)、聚酰亚胺(Polyimide)、有机玻璃(PMMA)作为键合介质,对键合的温度、压力、气氛、强度等工艺参数进行了研究,并分析了其优缺点。通过改变Parylene的旋涂、键合温度、键合压力、键合时间等工艺参数进行了优化实验。结果表明,在230 ℃的低温键合条件下封装后的MEMS器件具有良好的键合强度(＞3.600 MPa),可满足MEMS器件圆片级封装要求。     

一种基于BCB键合技术的新型MEMS圆片级封装工艺

苯并环丁烯(BCB)键合技术通过光刻工艺可以直接实现图形化,相对于其他工艺途径具有工艺简单、容易实现图形化的优点。选用4000系列BCB材料进行MEMS传感器的粘接键合工艺试验,解决了圆片级封装问题,采用该技术成功加工出具有三层结构的圆片级封装某种惯性压阻类传感器。依据标准GJB548A对其进行了剪切强度和检漏测试,测得封装样品漏率小于5×10-3Pa.cm3/s,键合强度大于49N,满足考核要求。     

一种基于Ag-Sn等温凝固的圆片键合技术

研究了用Ag-Sn作为键合中间层的圆片健合。相对于成熟的Au-Sn键合系统(典型键合温度是280℃),该系统可以提供更低成本、更高键合后分离(De-Bonding)温度的圆片级键合方案。使用直径为100mm硅片,盖板硅片上溅射多层金属Ti/Ni/Sn/Au,利用Lift-off工艺来形成图形。基板硅片上溅射Ti/Ni/Au/Ag。硅片制备好后,将盖板和基板叠放在一起送入键合机进行键合。键合过程在N2气氛中进行,键合过程中不需要使用助焊剂。研究了不同键合参数,如键合压力、温度等对键合结果的影响。剪切强度测试表明样品的剪切强度平均在55.17MPa。TMA测试表明键合后分离温度可以控制在500℃左右。He泄漏测试证明封接的气密性极好。     

一种真空度可调的圆片级封装技术

提出了一种MEMS器件的圆片级封装技术。通过金硅键合和DRIE通孔制备等关键工艺技术,可以实现真空度从102 Pa到2个大气压可调的圆片级封装。作为工艺验证,成功实现了圆片级真空封装MEMS陀螺仪的样品制备。对封装后的陀螺仪样品进行了剪切力和品质因数Q值测试,剪切力测试结果证明封装样品键合强度达到5 kg以上,圆片级真空封装后陀螺的品质因数Q值约为75 000,对该陀螺的品质因数进行了历时1年的跟踪测试,在此期间品质因数Q的最大变化量小于7‰,品质因数测试结果表明封装具有较好的真空特性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks