蒸汽喷射泵超音速流体三维模拟研究

利用大型流体力学软件FLUENT，对不同结构尺寸和边界条件的蒸汽喷射泵喷嘴内超音速流场进行了3D模拟。探讨了流场内压力和速度的相互作用及其分布规律；讨论了热力学参数和几何参数对流场特性的影响规律；并分析了喷嘴内影响喷射器性能的激波产生的因素。基本上与Dayton和石井博的研究结果一致。     

蒸汽喷射泵结构计算与性能研究

本文介绍了蒸汽喷射泵的构造及基本工作原理,对蒸汽喷射泵的结构设计计算进行了论述,并对蒸汽喷射泵的结构参数对其工作性能的影响作了分析。     

临界流喷嘴数值模拟研究初探

介绍了国内外有关CFD软件在喷嘴领域内的应用现状。使用Fluent软件对0.95~0.4背压比下,喉径分别为20mm、8mm和2mm喷嘴的流动进行了数值模拟计算。对临界压力比的模拟结果表明:在相同设计临界背压比下,计算得到的临界背压比较设计值低,且随着临界流喷嘴喉径的增加有缓慢地增加。此外,通过计算得到了各喉径下喷嘴流出系数,模拟与实验结果的差异保持在可接受的范围,且有相同的变化趋势。     

新型环形复合喷嘴的数值模拟分析与研究

为解决传统气流粉碎能量利用率不高、粉碎物料所需成本高、产量低、物料加工范围有限等问题,通过对气流粉碎中喷嘴结构的改进,开发设计了一种新型环形复合喷嘴,运用数值模拟的方法对常规喷嘴和新型环形复合喷嘴进行了模拟。模拟结果表明,这种新型环形复合喷嘴比常规喷嘴具有射流速度快、射流相对集中和射程远等优点。     

空调房间室内热环境的三维数值模拟及实验研究

本文通过建立相应的数学物理模型，利用PHOENICS对空调房间的室内热环境进行了数值模拟，得出了空气温度、流速的分布图，并对模拟房间进行了实验测试，对模拟结果与实测结果进行了分析、比较。分析结果表明模拟值与实测值的吻合度很好，这表明所建立的模型是正确的，模拟结果是可信的。     

喷水室喷嘴内部及喷嘴出口流场数值模拟

利用计算流体软件FLUENT建立了喷水室内喷嘴及喷嘴出口外部流场的三维数学模型。采用标准κ-ε湍流模型模拟了喷嘴内部及出口外部流场,并根据各种情况分析了喷嘴参数对流场速度分布、压力分布和出口速度的影响。结果表明,喷嘴的扩散角和扩散段尺寸对喷嘴及出口流场影响较大:喷嘴的扩散角直接影响喷嘴出口后液滴的方向和速度大小,并影响流场的湍流分布情况,影响流场的紊流区域分布,最终影响水滴与风流的热湿交换;扩散段尺寸影响流场压力分布,特别会产生负压区直接影响射流后液滴的状态。     

喷嘴长度和喷嘴出口位置对喷射器性能的影响

为提高喷射器的引射性能,利用Fluent软件对喷射器的内部流场进行数值模拟,研究了喷嘴轴向长度和喷嘴出口位置对喷射器引射性能的影响规律。结果表明:喷嘴扩散角对喷射器的引射性能影响很小;当喷嘴收缩段长度为喷嘴喉部直径的6倍,喷嘴出口位置为混合室圆柱段直径的1.8倍时,喷射器的引射性能最佳。研究结果可以为喷射器的结构参数优化提供参考。     

喷嘴长度和喷嘴出口位置对喷射器性能的影响北大核心CSCD

为提高喷射器的引射性能,利用Fluent软件对喷射器的内部流场进行数值模拟,研究了喷嘴轴向长度和喷嘴出口位置对喷射器引射性能的影响规律。结果表明:喷嘴扩散角对喷射器的引射性能影响很小;当喷嘴收缩段长度为喷嘴喉部直径的6倍,喷嘴出口位置为混合室圆柱段直径的1.8倍时,喷射器的引射性能最佳。研究结果可以为喷射器的结构参数优化提供参考。     

吸入压力对水蒸汽喷射泵抽气性能影响的数值分析

为研究水蒸汽喷射泵内部工作蒸汽与被抽气体的流动及其相互作用规律,考察被抽气体压力改变引起的膨胀比、压缩比变化对泵性能的影响机制,基于realizablek-ε湍流模型,建立了描述喷射泵内跨音速流动的数学模型。对喷射泵内压力沿壁面的分布进行了数值模拟。模拟结果与实验数据有很好的一致性,验证了理论模型的适用性。应用所建模型,在不同被抽气体压力条件下,对喷射泵内部被抽气体流动迹线、质量流率分布进行了数值预测,并计算了泵的引射系数。结果表明,被抽气体的质量流率随吸入压力的升高而增大,在被抽气体有效流动截面变化不大的情况下,使喷射泵引射系数相应增加,说明被抽气体压力增加引起的压缩比减少对引射系数的增加作用强于膨胀比减小对引射系数的减小作用。     

音速喷嘴下游管路内流场数值模拟及对流出系数的影响

通过理论分析和建立数学模型,采用CFD软件,分别对喉径为10 mm和0.96 mm两种音速喷嘴及下游管路内的流场进行了数值模拟;对流出系数的模拟值、经验值和实际值进行了比较,三者的值较为吻合.模拟结果还发现,气体静压在喷嘴出口处波动比较剧烈;临界背压比随着下游管路长度的改变而有所变化;当背压比小于一定数值时,管路内的静压力将出现波动.     

混合室轴向结构参数对蒸气喷射器性能的影响

为提高蒸气喷射器的性能, 利用Fluent软件对蒸气喷射器的内部流场进行三维数值模拟计算, 在蒸气喷射器其他结构保持不变的情况下, 研究了混合室圆锥段长度和混合室圆柱段长度对蒸气喷射器性能的影响规律。结果表明:混合室圆锥段长度为混合室圆柱段直径的2倍, 混合室圆柱段长度为混合室圆柱段直径的6倍时, 蒸气喷射器的喷射系数达到最大。研究结果可以为高性能蒸气喷射器的设计制造提供参考。     

干式罗茨真空泵吸气级内流动的瞬态模拟

基于动网格方法建立了干式真空泵罗茨型吸气级的三维瞬态数值计算模型。模拟结果与抽速曲线对比,入口压力为1000 Pa时误差为11.5%,100 Pa时误差为34.2%,表明计算流体力学(CFD)方法不适用于入口压力较低及极限真空时真空泵内的流动研究,但在入口压力较高时具有较好的数值精度。由于干式真空泵的主要设计问题多集中于入口压力较高,负荷较大的运行工况,应用CFD方法研究干式真空泵的流动特性具有实用价值。文中计算了真空泵的性能参数,分析了泵腔内的流动现象和流场的主要特征。     

混合室结构对蒸汽喷射器性能的影响

针对蒸汽喷射器引射性能低的问题,采用fluent数值模拟来分析蒸汽喷射器内部流场变化规律,在其他结构保持不变的情况下,通过研究混合室各部分结构来提高引射性能,使蒸汽喷射器在一个稳定且能量耗散较小的结构范围内工作。研究结果表明:引射性能与混合室内的激波变化紧密相关;混合室各部分结构都存在最佳参数值使引射系数达到最大。     

Modeling of high-temperature reforming reactor based on interactive thermal control with a tail gas combustor

This paper proposes a method to model hydrocarbon reforming by coupling detailed chemical kinetics with complex computational fluid dynamics. The entire chemistry of catalyzed reactions was confined within the geometrically simple channels and modeled using the low-dimensional plug model, into which the interactive thermal control of the multi-channel reforming reactor has been implemented with a tail-gas combustor around the external surface of these catalytic channels. The geometrically complex flow in the tail gas combustor was simulated using FLUENT without involving any chemical reactions. The influences of the conditions at the reactor inlet such as the inlet gas velocity, the inlet gas composition and the variety of hydrocarbons of each channel on gas conversions were investigated numerically. The impact of the tail gas combustor setup on the efficiency of the reforming reactor was also analyzed. Methane catalytic partial oxidation (CPO_x) and propane steam reforming (SR) were used to illustrate the approach reported in the present work.     

基于磁流体动力学的电磁流量计数值模拟

通过计算流体力学和磁流体动力学的耦合计算,直接给出了一种电磁流量计二维模型里流动(层流)和外加磁场(均匀稳态)的相互作用结果,并得到信号输出即感应电动势与流量的基本关系以及其他变量如感应电场与感应电流的详细空间分布。模拟结果符合理论值,表明可利用磁流体动力学数值模拟来广泛研究不同流场和外加磁场分布下电磁流量计特性。     

Increasing flow efficiency of high-pressure and low-pressure steam turbine stages from numerical optimization of 3D blading

3D blading of a high-pressure and low-pressure steam turbine stage is optimized using Nelder–Mead method of deformed polyhedron. Values of the minimized objective function, i.e. stage losses with the exit energy are found from 3D viscous compressible flow computations, including turbulence effects. Among the optimized parameters are stator and rotor blade numbers and stagger angles, rotor blade twist angle, stator blade sweep and lean, both straight and compound. The blade sections (profiles) are assumed not to change during the optimization. There are constraints imposed on the design parameters, including the mass flow rate and stage reaction. Optimization gives designs with new 3D blade stacking lines, and with increased efficiencies, compared with the original design.     

浮子流量计流动特性的非稳态数值研究

应用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法和动网格技术对浮子流量计的流动特性进行了非稳态的数值模拟计算。计算真实地再现了浮子趋于平衡的动态过程一从初始位置出发上下来回移动,动能在阻尼作用下逐步耗尽,最终归于静止。通过计算获得一系列与流量相对应的浮子平衡位置,与实验结果很好符合。数值模拟也显示了动态流场分布和分离涡的结构等。研究表明CFD方法可以成为浮子流量计设计的十分有效的辅助手段。     

Numerical simulation of a 3-D gas-solid fluidized bed: Comparison of TFM and CPFD numerical approaches and experimental validation

This paper presents the results of a 3-D numerical simulation of a freely bubbling fluidized bed, based on the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach, using the software Barracuda (CPFD-Barracuda). The main results obtained were assessed in terms of frequency analysis, bubble pierced length, bubble size, bubble passage frequency and bubble velocity. The results obtained were also compared with experimental data obtained in a 3-D fluidized bed using pressure and optical probes, and with the numerical results using the more common Eulerian-Eulerian approach, implemented in the commercial software Fluent (TFM-Fluent).The results show that CPFD-Barracuda satisfactorily predicts the global behaviour of bubbling beds with a low computational cost, although it computes smaller bubble sizes and lower bubble velocities than TFM-Fluent and experiments. Additionally, the spectra of pressure and particle volume fraction obtained with CPFD-Barracuda resemble those from the experiments and the TFM-Fluent simulations, but with a larger contribution of lower frequencies. The peaks of the pressure spectra from CPFD-Barracuda are close to those from the experiments and the TFM-Fluent simulations, whereas those in the solid volume spectra seem to be underestimated by CPFD-Barracuda. The results also indicate that the particle fraction threshold value chosen to distinguish bubbles contours notably influences the results of the bubble characteristics, especially for TFM-Fluent, whereas CPFD-Barracuda is less sensitive to this threshold value.     

Engineering Tools for Understanding the Hydrodynamics of Dissolution Tests

Abstract

In this article, three well-established engineering tools are used to examine hydrodynamics in dissolution testing apparatuses. The application of these tools would provide detailed information about the flow, shear, and homogeneity in dissolution tests. Particle image velocimetry successfully measures two-dimensional cross-sections of the velocity field in an experimental device under both laminar and turbulent conditions. The velocity field is also calculated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which can rapidly provide data that is difficult or impossible to obtain experimentally. The occurrence of segregated regions within a USP Apparatus II under mild agitation conditions is revealed by CFD simulations and confirmed by laser-induced fluorescence experiments. The results clearly demonstrate that under current operation settings, the USP Apparatus II operates in a regime where the flow is in incipient turbulence, which is a highly time-dependent condition that might explain possible inconsistencies in dissolution results. It is further demonstrated that proposed changes advocating lower speeds or smaller vessels displace the system toward laminar flow conditions characterized by segregation, compromising the robustness of the test and making it vulnerable to variability with respect to sample location.