The Ergonomics Research Society THE SOCIETY'S LECTURE, 1974* The Borderland of Anatomy and Ergonomics

A survey of The status of ergonomics in Poland was conducted over a three week period during July 1978 under the sponsorship of the National Academy of Sciences scientific exchange programme. Ergonomic activities were reviewed in Warsaw and Cracow by means of a series of visits to academic and research institutions. Among the organizations contacted were: the Institute of Industrial Design, the Polish Psychological Association, the Institute of Psychology at the University of Warsaw, the Academy of Fine Arts in Cracow and The Institute of Psychology associated with the Jagiellonian University. Based on interviews with prominent scientists in the forefront of ergonomic activities, the report provides a review of the historical development of ergonomics, the composition of the ergonomics community, current research interests and applications, and anticipated future trends. The Poles claim credit for having coined the term Ergonomics in 1857. They are proud to have formed the first Ergonomics Society in the Eastern European bloc of nations. Its current membership totals over 400 and they look forward to hosting the 1979 International Ergonomics Association meeting in Warsaw. There are only about 100 engineering psychologists in Poland. Engineers and physiologists or physicians tend to dominate the ergonomics field. There appears to be strong support for this emerging discipline from the State and industrial enterprises and ergonomics can be expected to become increasingly more important in Poland.     

The Ergonomics Society--the Society Lectures 1999: the Ergonomics Society: 50 years of growth

Developments in the Society are outlined since the early history was described by Edholm and Murrell. Major changes in the Society's operation and the context in which these changes took place are given. The changes in research directions, growth in educational facilities for professional education and the ever widening areas for the application of ergonomics are discussed. The consequences of these developments for the expansion of a recognition of the contribution of ergonomics, and the position of professionals in the international scene are touched upon.     

Recurrent themes and developments in the history of the Ergonomics Society

This paper provides an outline of the main historical developments and recurrent themes that have taken place in the history of the Ergonomics Society (ES) over 50 years. Alongside a chronology of significant events during the period 1949-1999, a set of issues raised by interviews with prominent members of the ES and other historical materials, we focus specifically on seven main areas: the growth and influence of the ES (e.g. internationalization, membership changes); external relations (e.g. press and public relations); publications (e.g. Society journals and key texts); key individuals and institutions; influence on government and other bodies (e.g. participation in committees and inquiries); and image and identity (e.g. changes to the image of the ES over time). We conclude the paper with a summary and discussion of the key developments in the history, as well as the outstanding challenges for the future.     

计算机辅助人机工程研究进展

对计算机辅助人机工程的最新研究范畴、发展及现状进行概述,并在总结实际项目经验的基础上指出了其在实际应用中存在的问题．从方法学、面向人机工程应用的计算机技术及人机工程软件三个方面对计算机辅助人机工程的研究进展进行详细论述,最后指出其发展趋势．     

Elizebeth Friedman’s security and career concerns prior to World War II

Much has been written about Elizebeth Friedman’s codebreaking that busted rum runners during Prohibition in the United States. Recently, declassified documents, as well as other research, demonstrate that as her Coast Guard cryptanalysis unit headed toward World War II, she (as well as naval authorities) developed concerns that publicity regarding her unit’s abilities would tip off America’s enemies and harm national security.     

Mathematics, Computer Development, and Science Policy Debates after World War II

This study focuses on the work of three mathematicians who collaborated on post–World War II projects. Specifically, the article examines connections between science policy debates and how practices of early computer developers were affected. Debate topics included ownership of technologies developed in private industry and at universities with public funding. Computer developers found solutions to the issues debated, ultimately forming the Association for Computing Machinery.     

基于功能面的产品布局与人机工程协同设计的研究

在产品概念设计中,布局设计和人机工程设计是两个相互影响和制约的设计过程,。为了将这种布局设计和人机工程设计协同起来,将功能面作为概念设计发解的依据,并在此基础上提出了基于功能面的协同概念设计过程和方法,以及布局设施 人机工程协同设计模型和形式化描述方法,最后结合摩托车的概念设计实例给出了一个计算机支持的布局和人机工程协同设计系统的实现方案。     

基于H-anim的数字化人机设计研究

为实现数字化人机工程,引入数字化人体模型来统一表达人机测量尺度、肢体动作特征和作业空间范围等人机要素,并提出基于H-anim的数字化人体建模方法,结合VRML原型节点建立了三维的,具有真实感的人体尺寸模型,利用EAI技术仿真人体动作行为。最后,以机床为对象,构建了计算机辅助人机设计系统,实现了操作空间的可见性、可及性与宜人性人机评价。     

Joint Meeting of Nederlandse Vereniging voor Ergonomie and Ergonomics Research Society llth— 12th JUNE 1969 ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS

The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of different types of metabolic fatigue, induced by anaerobic alaciacid, anaerobic lactacid, sub-maximal aerobic, and maximal aerobic efforts, on the performance of a sensory task (peripheral threshold detection), a sensory-motor task (coincidence-anticipation), and a cognitive task (recall in central vision). Each of three experimental groups performed one of the above mentioned tasks under all types of fatigue. Running bouts on a treadmill were used to induce the different types of fatigue. Results show that performance in peripheral vision improves with all types of effort. For coincidence-anticipation, only constant error is affected by anaerobic alactacid and maximal aerobic efforts; the former producing a change in behaviour from lateness to anticipation, whereas the latter significantly reduces lateness. Finally, performance in the cognitive task is significantly disturbed by the maximal aerobic exercise. It is suggested that, while sensory and adaptive behaviours improve with previous physical work, cognitive behaviour is handicapped by highly demanding activities, that is, activities requiring aerobic maximal efforts.     

战区后勤保障研究

战区后勤保障不但要考虑费用最少,还要考虑时限、安全等因素,给这些相关量赋予权重,提出了多目标决策问题的分层模型来研究后勤保障。该模型实用性好,易于计算机软件实现。