拉弯复合应力下焊接头表面裂纹疲劳扩展规律的研究

通过对16MnR钢对焊的弓形试极疲劳裂纹扩展试验，研究了在拉弯复合应力下对焊接头表面裂纹疲劳扩展规律。采用Newman－Raju公式分析了有限宽板在拉弯复合应力下表面裂纹的应力强度因子的计算。试验研究表明在拉弯复合应力下当a／t≤0．8时表面裂纹疲劳扩展规律仍可用Paris公式来描述，并且c向和a向的Paris系数之间仍存在着C_c＝0．9~nC_a的关系。     

基于拉伸载荷的碳纤维/环氧树脂层合板疲劳断裂机理

为研究拉伸载荷下碳纤维/环氧树脂层合板的疲劳性能，开展了4种应力水平下的T300/6511碳纤维平纹织物层合板的拉-拉疲劳实验，得到了不同应力水平下层合板的疲劳寿命。采用超声波C扫和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察断口形貌及内部损伤，讨论复合材料疲劳损伤发展积累过程和断裂机理。通过复合材料疲劳有限元分析模型，模拟了复合材料织物层合板疲劳损伤积累和失效过程，绘制了S-lg N曲线，分析发现模型预测的疲劳寿命及失效模式与实验结果吻合良好。疲劳加载时，层合板两侧自由边的表面首先出现基体开裂和分层损伤，随后诱发基体与纤维间界面破坏，损伤加剧，并迅速向内侧扩展；最后大量纤维和基体断裂，损伤贯穿整个截面，导致疲劳断裂。     

埋入SMA对CFRP疲劳性能的影响

通过研究埋入形状记忆合金（Shape Memory Alloy，简称SMA）的碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料单向板的疲莩孽验，得知埋入SMA并加热激励后的单向板的剩余刚度、剩余强度、以及在特定应力水平下的疲劳寿命等抗疲劳性能指标有所改善。将它们与未埋入SMA的空白单向板的相应性能比较，发现埋入SMA并加热激励后的复合材料单向板的抗疲劳性得到很大程度的提高。     

表面裂纹疲劳扩展形貌变化规律的研究

首先进行了１６Ｍｎ板材半椭圆表面裂纹疲劳扩展试验。试验结果表明，采用Ｎｅｗｍａｎ－ｒａｊｕ应力强度因子时，表面裂纹深度方向和表面方向的扩展速率均符合Ｐａｒｉｓ公式。在此基础上，从Ｎｅｗｍａｎ－Ｒａｊｕ应力强度因子计算式和Ｐａｒｉｓ疲劳裂纹扩展速率公式出发，通过理论和数值分析，建立了３类表面裂纹在受拉伸、弯曲、和拉弯组合加载下的疲劳扩展形貌统一表达式，并通过疲劳试验结果对其进行了考核。结果表明，采用统一表达式预测裂纹形貌的各项统计指标均优于其他两种表达式     

横向载荷对含表面裂纹对焊接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率影响的研究

研究了双向载荷作用下对焊接头表面裂纹的疲劳扩展规律。采用经精确标定应力强度因子幅值的双向十字形试样,在电液伺服双轴向疲劳试验机上对母材分别为16MnR 和 Q235-B 这两种钢的对焊试板进行了疲劳裂纹扩展试验。同时,将其结果分别与单向应力下对焊接头及母材的疲劳扩展速率进行了比较,为制定我国在役压力容器缺陷评定规范提供了参考数据。     

粘贴堵漏胶粘剂的疲劳寿命分析

针对孔洞缺陷的粘赌堵漏，给出了胶粘剂界面韧性应力强度因子，并利用断裂力学中的疲劳裂纹扩展公式，估算了常温、低温下环氧树脂胶粘剂内聚破坏时的疲劳寿命，其致断裂疲劳循环周次达10^6次。     

α‘／β’—sialon陶瓷材料的循环疲劳裂纹扩展特性研究

研究了一种ｓｉａｌｏｎ陶瓷材料在循环疲劳载荷下Ｖｉｃｋｅｒｓ压痕短裂纹扩展特性。研究表明，最大应力强度因子与裂纹扩展速率之间呈Ｖ型扩展行为，并对外加应力水平非常敏感。由于残余应力的影响，起始很高的扩展速率随着裂纹的扩张而减少，而后裂纹扩展速率随应力强度因子的增加而增加直至快速断裂发生。     

ABS/GF疲劳裂纹扩展的研究

通过对(丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(ABS)/玻璃纤维(GF)复合材料疲劳裂纹扩展速度研究,得到ABS/GF复合材料在不同应力和振动频率下疲劳性能随GF填充量变化的趋势.结果表明,高频(0.85 Hz)低应力(0.8 kN)条件下,GF对裂纹的扩展具有阻滞作用,其中GF质量分数为20%时ABS/GF复合材料疲劳性能最好;低频(0.25 Hz)高应力(1.6 kN)条件下,试样疲劳性能最差,疲劳周次均在2000次以下,加入GF有利于裂纹的扩展.     

高低温循环及湿度耦合作用对环氧树脂基碳纤维增强复合材料拉伸性能的影响

研究了环氧树脂基碳纤维增强复合材料在高低温循环(-40～40℃/-40～25℃)及湿度(有水、无水)两种环境因素耦合作用下的拉伸性能变化规律以及界面损伤机理,循环实验包括0,5,10,100,200,300周期,结合拉伸强度测试、吸湿实验及扫描电镜(SEM)分析。结果表明,不管在有水还是无水的环境下,环氧树脂基碳纤维增强复合材料的拉伸强度随高低温循环周期增大整体呈现先降低再升高再降低的变化趋势;高低温循环5周期时开裂最严重,拉伸强度到达谷点,随着循环次数的增多直至100周期左右,材料的拉伸强度达到峰值,随后下降;拉伸模量影响不大;树脂基体与纤维界面产生的微裂纹被证明是导致复合材料强度降低的主要原因;湿度的耦合作用促进裂纹的扩展,明显削弱了环氧树脂基碳纤维增强复合材料的拉伸性能。     

一种单向碳化硅纤维增强钛基复合材料疲劳载荷下基体裂纹数量和位置的预测方法

正本发明公开了一种单向碳化硅纤维增强钛基复合材料疲劳载荷下基体裂纹数量和位置的预测方法,首先对单向碳化硅纤维增强钛基复合材料的基体沿长度方向划分为M个基体单元,分别确定各个基体单元在无损伤基体应力状态下、第一基体应力状态下、第二基体应力状态下各个基体单元单个循环的损伤量;然后计算单向碳化硅纤维增强钛基复合材料疲劳载荷下基体裂纹对应各     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。