一种基于社区机会网络的消息传输算法

由人携带的具有短距离通信接口的移动设备所组成的网络具有社区性质.当前机会网络中主流的多拷贝路由算法并没有考虑到节点的社区性质,如果将这些算法直接应用到社区机会网络中会造成传输延迟大、消息丢失率高等问题.针对这些问题,提出了一种基于社区机会网络的消息传输算法(CMTS),能够根据节点之间的通信频繁程度,自动将节点划分成不同的社区,自适应地控制消息的拷贝数量并依靠活跃节点将消息传输到目标社区.仿真结果表明,在延迟要求宽松的社区机会网络中,与Spray and Focus算法相比,CMTS算法能够在保证较高消息传输成功率的同时,减少了约20%的消息转发次数,有效地降低了网络资源的消耗.     

移动社会网络中基于社区的消息机会传输策略

移动社会网络是一种由大量具有社会特征的节点组成的机会网络.已有的基于社区的路由算法大多选用社会性最优的节点参与转发,而没有考虑到社区分布对节点移动的影响,将这些算法直接用于移动社会网络中会导致网络资源消耗高、传输成功率低等问题.针对这些问题,提出一种基于社区的消息机会传输算法,在社区间根据节点到目标社区的传输概率选择社区间的最优传输路径,在社区内选择与目标节点相遇概率较高的节点完成社区内传输.仿真实验结果表明,在移动社会网络中,该算法与 Prophet,Spray and Wait 等经典算法相比,提高了消息传输成功率,降低了网络开销.     

机会社会网络中基于社区的消息传输算法

针对机会网络中的主流转发协议未考虑到节点移动社会性的问题,提出一种基于副本限制和人类社会特性的路由算法。该算法根据节点间的社会关系强度,动态自适应地将节点划分为不同的社区,通过限制消息副本数来减少网络中消息的冗余,并利用活跃性高的节点带动消息的转发和传递。仿真结果表明,该协议能够保证较高的消息传输成功率和相对较低的传输时延,降低网络的资源消耗。     

基于社交关系的移动机会网络路由算法

在基于节点社交信息移动机会网络路由算法的设计中,存在不能有效平衡数据的传输成功率与平均传输时延的问题。为此,提出一种基于社交关系的路由算法。利用改进的桥接中心度重新评价节点的异质中心性,通过引入社区内的转发判别因子加快社区内消息的转发,结合带有老化机制的Simple社区识别算法选择转发节点。仿真结果表明,与经典算法Bubble Rap及其改进算法BiBubble、BridgingCom相比,该算法能够有效提高消息投递成功率并减小消息平均传输时延。     

融合社会关系的机会网络有效数据转发策略

机会网络是一种具有延迟容忍网络特征的移动自组织网络。随着各种具有短距离通信功能的便携式移动设备的迅速普及,具有社会性的机会网络应用场景增多。机会网络中具有类似于节点聚集的现象,节点表现出的某些特征呈现出了社区结构的特性。然而,现有的路由算法没有考虑到节点社会性对网络中消息传递的影响,其传输成功率较低且造成大量的时延和网络开销。针对该问题提出了一种基于社区和社会性的数据转发机制,根据节点间的社会关系将网络划分成若干个社团结构,通过分析社区内节点的重要程度删除一些低效节点,并对这些社区结构进行再收缩,使社区结构紧密,提高传输效率。仿真结果表明,该算法相对Spray and Wait算法、PRo PHET算法和SCR算法(effective social relationship measurement and cluster based routing in mobile opportunistic networks),具有较高的传输成功率和较低的传输延迟。     

机会网络中基于社区的高效消息传输算法

针对机会社会网络中现有基于社区的消息传输算法(OSNCMTS)在社区内存在节点积压消息分发任务、在社区间存在盲目选择活跃节点转发信息的问题,提出一种基于社区的高效机会网络路由算法(HECMTS)。在HECMTS算法中,首先,采用极值优先(EO)算法划分社区并将划分的社区矩阵分发给社区节点;其次,采用社区矩阵和消息到目的节点成功率相结合的方法分配社区内消息副本数;最后,利用活跃节点往返不同社区的机会收集活跃节点信息,然后查询这些活跃节点信息从中选取合适的活跃节点完成社区间消息传输。仿真结果表明,与OSNCMTS算法相比,HECMTS算法在路由开销性能和平均端到端时延性能上分别至少下降了19%和16%。     

基于投递概率预测的DTN高效路由

在延迟容忍网络中,基于配额的多拷贝路由通过对消息拷贝数量的限制来控制开销,如何在控制开销的前提下尽可能提高消息投递成功率是其需要解决的关键问题.文中首先分析了提高消息投递成功率的配额分配策略,然后据此提出一种基于投递概率预测的配额路由算法.该路由算法根据节点的本地信息预测到其它节点的投递概率,在复制消息时,根据节点间投...     

一种基于网络编码的机会社会网络路由算法

为了解决机会社会网络中数据传输成功率低、平均传输延迟大等不利因素,文章提出一种基于网络编码的机会社会网络路由(OSN-NC)算法,OSN-NC路由算法的中间节点只将目标节点相同的编码数据包进行再次编码,因此这样可以降低全局编码系数数量和高斯消元的复杂度,增加数据传输的可靠性。社区内我们采用PROPHET和网络编码相结合的消息传输策略,将编码数据包传输给网络中相遇概率值更大的下一跳转发节点,直到遇到目标节点。在社区间我们选择累积相遇概率值大的节点作为编码节点完成消息的转发,直到遇到具有相同社区的中间节点后采用社区内消息传输策略。仿真结果表明,OSN-NC算法在提高网络吞吐量和数据传输成功率、降低平均传输时延等方面具有明显的改善。     

机会网络中考虑缓存的ProPhet路由算法

机会网络中的ProPhet等路由算法根据机会网络中节点的相遇频率进行节点之间消息的传递,不考虑节点每次相遇的持续时间以及节点中缓存剩余情况。在机会网络内部节点之间的移动速度很快的情况下,采用这些路由算法会使网络内数据的传输效率急剧下降。针对这一不足,结合ProPhet路由算法,计算节点之间的传输概率时充分考虑节点的相遇持续时间以及剩余缓存对节点之间传输概率的影响,使节点之间能更有效地传输数据。仿真结果表明,在给定的移动模型下,该算法能够有效提高消息传递成功率,降低网络中能量消耗等开销。     

基于社区的机会网络中能量有效消息传输

针对机会网络中消息转发的特点,综合考虑节点移动的社区特性和能量有效传输策略,提出基于社区的能量有效消息转发算法（EEMF）,将节点的剩余能量与节点间的相遇概率作为消息是否转发的关键因素,并在社区内和社区间采取不同的消息转发策略,在提高消息传输成功率的同时,降低网络负载,减少节点能耗,延长网络的生命期。仿真实验结果表明,该算法与PRoPHET, MaxProp, CMTS, CMOT等经典算法相比,达到了预期的效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。