基于移动WSN目标追踪算法

水下移动无线传感器网络是追踪水下目标的重要手段,由于水下环境复杂,传感器节点会因为损坏或能量耗尽等问题脱离WSN网络,造成目标追踪困难。针对该问题,在拓扑熵理论基础上建立移动WSN目标追踪算法模型,利用拓扑熵对空间中点集拓扑关系描述移动WSN节点的部署情况。当有节点脱网后,通过不断计算拓扑熵值的变化合理调度节点移动,实现节点移动过程中的分布式自适应部署。仿真结果表明,在传感器节点损耗的情况下,提出算法和现有WSN目标追踪方法相比,在优化移动传感器网络的部署和目标追踪方面,具有更高的算法性能和效率。     

复杂环境下一种多移动节点的WSN三维覆盖算法

依据现实环境中对于复杂的山丘、沟壑等空间立体目标进行监测的需要,提出一种多移动节点的无线传感器网络三维覆盖算法。通过在三维空间中选取目标监测点,采用基于误警率的节点感知模型感知目标监测点,计算目标监测点的三维联合探测概率进行覆盖空洞分析,找出移动节点最优移动路径,调整移动节点移动位置实现对目标监测点的全覆盖,解决三维环境中恶劣复杂情况下的监测问题。仿真结果表明,该算法可有效探测覆盖空洞,并能够利用移动节点对其进行修复,在满足目标监测节点全覆盖的同时使移动节点的移动距离最优,降低网络能耗。     

一种WSN下的Mean Shift跟踪算法*

为有效地利用无线传感器网络跟踪移动目标,提出了一种基于高斯混合模型的Mean Shift跟踪算法。该算法运用高斯混合模型描述网络区域内目标信号分布的统计特征,利用Mean Shift区分目标信号与环境噪声,并对目标进行定位与跟踪。仿真实验结果表明,该算法在网络存在较大噪声,特别是网络存在大量异常传感器节点读数的情况下,定位精度高、受异常传感器节点读数影响较小。较之以往无线传感器网络目标跟踪算法,该算法具有更好的鲁棒性。     

一种改进的无线传感器网络信息融合技术①

针对矿井环境监测系统的安全隐患问题,提出基于改进Kalman滤波与SVM的分布递阶信息融合方法,将系统中的传感器分为源节点和汇聚节点,在源节点采用改进Kalman滤波,汇聚节点采用SVM信息融合方法。该算法可以有效地降低无线传感器网络的能耗和网络信息冲突,仿真结果表明,该方法具有可靠性,并有效地提高无线传感器网络的信息融合精度。     

一种改进的无线传感器网络信息融合技术①

针对矿井环境监测系统的安全隐患问题,提出基于改进Kalman滤波与SVM的分布递阶信息融合方法,将系统中的传感器分为源节点和汇聚节点,在源节点采用改进Kalman滤波,汇聚节点采用SVM信息融合方法。该算法可以有效地降低无线传感器网络的能耗和网络信息冲突,仿真结果表明,该方法具有可靠性,并有效地提高无线传感器网络的信息融合精度。     

基于簇头质量的移动无线传感器网络分簇算法

在部分节点移动的网络环境下,分析了传统静态无线传感器网络分簇算法对节点移动环境下成簇的失效性,给出了影响簇头质量的性能参数集,并提出了基于簇头质量的移动无线传感器网络分簇算法。该算法根据节点活动性、平均邻居距离、节点度偏差及信道质量等簇头性能的影响因子,通过加权的方法计算出簇头质量,在分布式传感网区域内簇头质量最大的节点将竞争成为簇头。通过理论分析和仿真对比表明,与LEACH算法相比该分簇算法降低了平均延迟,延长了网络生命期,并验证了该算法对动态拓扑具有适应性。     

基于向量相似性的多维标度定位算法

为解决室内定位环境复杂、传播信号易受干扰,导致室内定位算法定位误差较大的问题,提出一种基于向量相似性的多维标度定位算法。将向量相似性特征和相关性修正模型融入多维标度算法框架,引入cosine指标表征信号向量间的相似度,为节点相关性提供度量标准,提出一种基于向量样本熵的相关性修正模型进一步优化节点间的相似性矩阵。仿真结果表明,该算法可以有效获得目标节点的位置信息,提高节点的定位精度,降低复杂室内环境对无线传感器信号的影响。     

基于TDOA定位机制的无线传感器网络节点设计

介绍了一种具有到达时间差(TDOA)定位机制的基于数字信号处理器(DSP)的无线传感器网络节点。它包括TMS320F2812DSP,512 kB的SRAM,2.4 GHz波段的无线收发模块、音频信号收发模块及电源管理模块等。节点通过测量RF同步信号与音频信号的TDOA来测量节点间的间隔距离,并采用互相关时延估计算法来实现节点定位。实验数据表明:该节点最远测距距离超过25m,角度误差小于3.7%。     

基于虚拟力的无线传感器与执行器网络测距定位算法

针对无线传感器与执行器网络(WSAN)的传感器节点定位问题,提出了一种基于虚拟力的无线传感器与执行器网络测距定位算法,使用移动的执行器节点替代传统无线传感器网络(WSN)定位算法中的锚节点,并将虚拟力模型引入基于信号到达时间(TOA)的定位算法。该算法在利用虚拟力驱动执行器节点逼近提出定位请求的传感器节点的同时,根据信号传输时间计算节点间的距离完成节点定位。仿真结果表明,提出的定位算法使得节点定位成功率提高20%左右,平均定位时间以及定位开销均小于传统TOA算法,适用于实时性要求高、执行器节点数量较少的场合。     

基于灰色模型和改进Chan的海洋移动传感器定位

为了实现海洋水下传感器网络中的移动节点定位,并改善传统节点定位方法在应用于无人值守和复杂环境的海洋生态监控中具有的定位误差大的问题,提出了一种基于灰色模型预测和改进Chan算法的海洋移动传感器节点定位方法;首先,采用灰色模型对节点在下一时刻的采集数据进行预测,然后将预测值与实际采集值进行比较从而判断出移动节点的状态是否正常;在此基础上,采用改进的Chan算法对处于正常状态的移动节点进行定位,从而提高水下移动传感器节点的定位精度;在Matlab中进行仿真实验,实验结果表明:文中方法能在节点运动速度增加、通信半径变大和锚节点密度增加的情况下,均具有比其它方法更低的节点定位误差,具有一定的优越性。      

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。