基于分数阶Fourier变换的云存储系统重复数据删除算法

云存储系统的重复数据作为大量冗余数据的一种,对其有效及时地删除能保证云存储系统的稳定与运行。由于云存储系统中的干扰数据较多,信噪比较低,传统的重删算法会在分数阶Fourier域出现伪峰峰值,不能有效地对重复数据进行检测滤波和删除处理,因此提出一种改进的基于分数阶Fourier变换累积量检测的云存储系统重复数据删除算法。首先分析云存储系统重复数据删除机制体系架构,定义数据存储点的适应度函数,得到云存储节点的系统子集随机概率分布;采用经验约束函数对存储节点中的校验数据块分存,通过分数阶Fourier变换对云存储系统中的幅度调制分量进行残差信号滤波预处理。采用4阶累积量切片后置算子,把每个文件分为若干个块,针对每个文件块进行重删,进行重复数据检测后置滤波处理,实现存储资源上的重复数据检测及其删除。仿真实验表明,该算法能提高集群云存储系统计算资源的利用率,重复数据准确删除率较高,有效避免了数据信息流的干扰特征造成的误删和漏删,性能优越。     

一种归档存储系统结构

针对归档数据的存储管理问题,提出一种归档存储体系结构AStore,采用数据指纹、数据压缩、数据分块和重复数据删除技术,设计归档存储系统的数据存储和管理策略。测试并分析不同参数设置下存储系统的性能,结果表明该策略能减少数据冗余,提高系统存储空间的利用率和访问性能。     

重复数据删除关键技术研究进展

企业数据量的不断增长和数据传输率要求的不断提高,使得数据中心海量存储空间和高带宽网络传输需求成为当前网络存储领域面临的严峻挑战.利用特定应用数据集内数据高度冗余的特性,重复数据删除技术能够极大地缩减数据存储容量需求,提高网络带宽利用率,降低企业IT运营成本.目前,重复数据删除技术已成为国内外的研究热点.首先介绍重复数据删除技术的概念、分类及其应用;阐述重复数据删除系统的体系结构和基本原理,并与传统存储系统进行对比.然后重点分析和总结重复数据删除各项关键技术的研究现状,包括数据划分方法、I/O优化技术、高可靠数据配置策略以及系统可扩展性.最后对重复数据删除技术的研究现状进行总结,并指出未来可能的研究方向.     

基于Hadoop平台的分布式重删存储系统

针对数据中心存在大量数据冗余的问题,特别是备份数据造成的存储容量浪费,提出一种基于Hadoop平台的分布式重复数据删除解决方案。该方案通过检测并消除特定数据集内的冗余数据,来显著降低数据存储容量,优化存储空间利用率。利用Hadoop大数据处理平台下的分布式文件系统(HDFS)和非关系型数据库HBase两种数据管理模式,设计并实现一种可扩展分布式重删存储系统。其中,MapReduce并行编程框架实现分布式并行重删处理,HDFS负责重删后的数据存储,在HBase数据库中构建索引表,实现高效数据块索引查询。最后,利用虚拟机镜像文件数据集对系统进行了测试,基于Hadoop平台的分布式重删系统能在保证高重删率的同时,具有高吞吐率和良好的可扩展性。     

一种基于重复数据删除技术的云中云存储系统

随着云存储技术的快速发展和应用,越来越多的企业和用户都开始将数据从本地转移到云存储服务提供商进行存储.但是,在享受云存储高质量服务的同时,将数据仅仅存储于单个云存储服务商中会带来一定的风险,例如云存储服务提供商的垄断、数据可用性和安全性等问题.为了解决这个问题,提出了一种基于重复数据删除技术的云中云存储系统架构,首先消除云存储系统中的冗余数据量,然后基于重复数据删除集中的数据块引用率将数据块以复制和纠删码2种数据布局方式存储在多个云存储服务提供商中.基于复制的数据布局方式易于实现部署,但是存储开销大;基于纠删码的数据布局方式存储开销小,但是需要编码和解码,计算开销大.为了充分挖掘复制和纠删码数据布局的优点并结合重复数据删除技术中数据引用的特点,新方法用复制方式存储高引用数据块,用纠删码方式存储其他数据块,从而使系统整体性能和成本达到较优.通过原型系统的实现和测试验证了相比现有云中云存储策略,新方法在性能和成本上都有大幅度提高.     

重复数据删除技术

重复数据删除技术主要分为两类:相同数据的检测技术和相似数据的检测与编码技术,系统地总结了这两类技术,并分析了其优缺点.此外,由于重复数据删除技术会影响存储系统的可靠性和性能,又总结了针对这两方面的问题提出的各种技术.通过对重复数据删除技术当前研究现状的分析,得出如下结论:a) 重复数据删除中的数据特性挖掘问题还未得到完全解决,如何利用数据特征信息有效地消除重复数据还需要更深入的研究;b) 从存储系统设计的角度,如何引入恰当的机制打破重复数据删除技术的可靠性局限并减少重复数据删除技术带来的额外系统开销也是一个需要深入研究的方面.     

重复数据删除技术

重复数据删除技术主要分为两类:相同数据的检测技术和相似数据的检测与编码技术,系统地总结了 这两类技术,并分析了其优缺点.此外,由于重复数据删除技术会影响存储系统的可靠性和性能,又总结了针对这 两方面的问题提出的各种技术.通过对重复数据删除技术当前研究现状的分析,得出如下结论:a) 重复数据删除 中的数据特性挖掘问题还未得到完全解决,如何利用数据特征信息有效地消除重复数据还需要更深入的研 究;b) 从存储系统设计的角度,如何引入恰当的机制打破重复数据删除技术的可靠性局限并减少重复数据删除技术带来的额外系统开销也是一个需要深入研究的方面.     

用户感知的重复数据删除算法

通过大量的实验分析发现:在云桌面场景下,数据拥有者之间的工作相关度越大,则该用户之间存在重复数据的概率越大.基于该实验结果,提出了用户感知的重复数据删除算法.该算法打破了数据空间局部性特征的限制,实现了以用户为单位的更粗粒度的查重计算,可以在不影响重删率的前提下,减少5~10倍常驻内存指纹的数量,并可将每次查重计算的指纹检索范围控制在一个常数范围内,不随数据总量的增加而线性增加,从而有效避免了因为数据总量增加而导致内存不足的问题.除此之外,该算法还能根据存储系统的负载情况自动调整重复指纹检索范围,在性能与重删率之间加以平衡,从而更好地满足主存储场景的需要.原型验证表明,该算法可以很好地解决云计算场景下海量数据的重复数据删除性能问题.与OpenDedup算法相比,当数据指纹总量超出内存可用空间时,该算法可以表现出巨大的优势,减少200%以上的读磁盘操作,响应速度提升3倍以上.     

基于布隆过滤器所有权证明的高效安全可去重云存储方案

可去重云存储系统中一般采用收敛加密算法,通过计算数据的哈希值作为其加密密钥,使得重复的数据加密后得到相同的密文,可实现对重复数据的删除;然后通过所有权证明（PoW）,验证用户数据的真实性来保障数据安全。针对可去重云存储系统中所有权证明时间开销过高导致整个系统性能下降问题,提出了一种基于布隆过滤器进行所有权证明的高效安全方法,实现用户计算哈希值与初始化值的快速验证。最后,提出一种支持细粒度重复数据删除的BF方案,当文件级数据存在重复时进行所有权证明,否则只需要进行局部的文件块级数据重复检测。通过仿真对比实验,结果表明所提BF方案空间开销低于经典Baseline方案,同时时间开销低于经典Baseline方案,在数据文件越大的情况下性能优势更加明显。     

异构环境下纠删码的数据修复方法综述*

在大规模云存储系统中,由于磁盘或网络故障造成的存储节点失效事件频发,系统需要数据冗余技术以保证数据的可靠性和可用性。纠删码,相对于副本方式而言,能大大提高存储空间的利用率,但纠删码在冗余数据修复方面的代价较副本方式高很多。目前针对纠删码的冗余数据修复研究大都无差别对待每个存储节点,然而实际分布式存储系统中,节点通常存在带宽资源、计算资源、存储容量资源等方面的差异性,这些资源的异构性对冗余数据修复性能影响很大。本文指出影响修复性能的关键因素,选取带宽开销、磁盘访问开销、修复时间、参与修复的节点数量和修复代价作为修复性能的评价标准;分析了现有研究方法如何降低这五种开销,重点讨论了这些方法的优缺点;阐述当前异构分布式存储系统中纠删码修复技术的研究现状;最后指出纠删码数据修复技术中尚未解决的一些难题和未来纠删码修复技术可能的发展方向。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.