一种基于GAS模型的k-Truss分解算法

在大规模网络中发现稠密子图具有极其广泛的应用,如社区发现、垃圾邮件检测等。为了在大规模网络数据中快速、有效地发现稠密子图,本文提出一种基于GAS (Gather-Apply-Scatter)编程模型的分布式k-Truss算法—GASTruss。该算法采用GAS的模式完成数据同步和算法迭代,有效的克服了传统并行算法重复性计算及不能有效处理依赖关系大的数据等问题。本实验选择在GraphLab平台上进行,结果表明：与串行k-Truss算法以及基于MapReduce的GPTruss算法性能相比,GASTruss算法对数据规模具有良好的拓展性,在保持算法效果的同时能有效降低时间复杂度。     

SQM:基于Spark的大规模单图上的子图匹配算法

针对大规模数据图下基于回溯法的子图查询算法的准确率低、开销大等问题，为提高查询准确率，降低大图下的查询开销，提出一种基于Spark的子图匹配（SQM）算法。首先根据结构信息过滤数据图，再将查询图分割成基本查询单元；然后对每一个基本查询单元分别匹配后进行Join操作；最后运用并行化提高了算法的运行效率，减小了搜索空间。实验结果表明，与Stwig、TurboISO算法相比，SQM算法在保证查询结果不变的情况下，速度提高了50%。     

面向大规模数据集的并行化Top-k Skyline查询算法

随着数据规模的日益庞大,在大规模数据集中帮助用户定位出数据量可控的代表性信息显得越发重要。虽然Top-k Skyline查询能够找到数据集中前k个最具代表性的信息,在获取代表性信息的同时又控制了结果规模,满足了上述要求,但是现有的Top-k Skyline查询在面对大规模数据集时效率较低,并不适用于大规模数据集。为了解决这个问题,将Top-k Skyline查询与并行化处理相结合,提出了一种面向大规模数据集的并行化Top-k Skyline查询算法PTKS（parallel Top-k Skyline）,通过充分利用分布式资源,将原有查询进行有效的并行化处理,同时设计了基于用户偏好的用于缩减结果数据量的筛选规则,满足用户需求。在真实数据集上进行了相关实验,并与现有方法进行了对比,结果表明PTKS在大规模数据集上的查询效率更具有优势,能很好地适用于大规模数据集。     

时序图中Top-k稠密子图查询算法研究

稠密子图的查询是图分析领域的重要研究问题之一,在社交用户相关性分析、Web中社群分析等方面都有着广泛的应用.目前,关于稠密子图查询的研究工作主要基于静态图.而在实际应用中,时序信息会对稠密子图查询产生重要的影响,使得图拓扑结构随时间序列不断发生变化,包含的信息量也不断增加,使得已有的针对静态图的查找方法不再适用于时序图.因此,如何高效地在时序图上查找稠密子图仍然是一个挑战.为了解决上述挑战,首先规范化地定义了基于时序图的稠密子图查找问题;然后,根据图的拓扑结构和包含时间标签的边之间的相似度,提出一种基于阈值的近似查找算法DTS-base.为了加快算法的收敛速度,提出了一个基于快速计算最大相似度时间片的优化算法DTS-opt.最后,通过在真实数据集上的实验,证明了所提算法的高效性和可扩展性.     

基于滑动时间窗的稠密子图发现算法研究

针对在滑动时间窗中发现稠密子图的问题,提出一种有效的动态算法,结合时间窗将网络时间线划分为k个非重叠的间隔,间隔内包含最大密度的子图.算法输入是一个边流,输出是一系列稠密子图及相应的时间间隔.现有技术在图更新时需要迭代整个图,所提算法仅影响图的有限区域,只需要局部更新稠密子图.结合理论分析,证明了该算法比基线KGOPTDP和KGOPTDS更快.多组数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法具有很高的效率和很好的扩展性,可用于处理大规模时态图.     

面向大规模图数据的分布式可达性索引与查询策略

针对构建大规模图数据可达性索引时的构建时间长、存储代价高和响应时间长等问题,提出一种分布式可达性索引与查询策略(DRIQ)。在不破坏原图中节点可达性的前提下,将大规模图划分成若干小规模子图,并对每个子图分布式并行地创建可达性索引,从而提高可达性索引创建效率。给出保持图划分后各子图内节点间以及子图间节点可达性的方法,从而保证基于DRIQ进行可达性查询的正确性。实验结果表明,与传统可达性查询方法相比,该策略具有高效性和可扩展性。     

异质信息网络中最大路径连通Steiner分量查询算法

异质信息网络(HINs)是包含多种类型对象(顶点)和链接(边)的有向图,能够表达丰富复杂的语义和结构信息.HINs中的稠密子图查询问题,即给定一个查询点q,在HINs中查询包含q的稠密子图,已成为该领域的热点和重点研究问题,并在活动策划、生物分析和商品推荐等领域具有广泛应用.但现有方法主要存在以下两个问题:(1)基于模体团和关系约束查询的稠密子图具有多种类型顶点,导致其不能解决仅关注某种特定类型顶点的场景;(2)基于元路径的方法虽然可查询到某种特定类型顶点的稠密子图,但其忽略了子图中顶点之间基于元路径的连通度.为此,首先在HINs中提出了基于元路径的边不相交路径的连通度,即路径连通度;然后,基于路径连通度提出了k-路径连通分量(k-PCC)模型,该模型要求子图的路径连通度至少为k;其次,基于k-PCC模型提出了最大路径连通Steiner分量(SMPCC)概念,其为包含q的具有最大路径连通度的k-PCC;最后,提出一种高效的基于图分解的k-PCC发现算法,并在此基础上提出了优化查询SMPCC算法.大量基于真实和合成HINs数据的实验结果验证了所提出模型和算法的有效性和高效性.     

KBAC:一种基于K-means的自适应聚类

K-means聚类算法存在的主要不足之处之一在于需要用户指定聚类核数目,在一般应用场景下,用户无法给出合适的聚类核数目.另一方面,K-means聚类所具有的可并行化特点非常适合运用到云计算平台上以处理大规模数据样本的聚类任务.本文提出KBAC算法采用K-means算法作为预聚类过程并在云平台上进行实现和优化,能够自适应确定最佳聚类核数目并进行聚类.其核心思想是将样本空间聚类问题转换为图上社团发现问题.理论和实验证明,通过在云计算框架下实现K-means预聚类过程的并行化,KBAC算法能够高效地对大规模数据进行聚类,并获得高质量的聚类结果.     

基于并行约束规划的最大团识别研究

为提高大数据平台下大规模图例的最大团问题求解效率,提出一种基于并行约束规划的最大团识别算法.通过BMT图划分策略将一个复杂图例分割为若干个可独立计算的子图,并将其分配给Spark集群中的计算节点,每个计算节点采用约束规划方法对分割产生的子问题分别进行建模和求解,实现最大团问题的并行化处理.引入时间预测模型,设计基于任务运行时间预测模型的并行图划分方法,从而有效解决计算节点的负载均衡问题.实验结果表明,与基于BMC图划分策略的最大团并行识别算法相比,该算法具有更高的求解效率,可取得近似线性的加速比.     

基于K-sup稠密子图的大规模复杂网络概要算法及可视化

现实社会存在大量复杂网络,随着大数据时代的来临,复杂网络数据规模不断扩大,难以进行算法分析和可视化展示.针对复杂网络小世界、无标度特性,提出基于K-sup稠密子图的复杂网络概要算法,利用三角形在网络中的同质性和传递性发现复杂网络中的稠密子图,结合模块度最大化,将子图中相似的节点归并为超点;运用分层结构存储概要图,并进行可视化显示.该算法能对大规模复杂网络进行有效压缩,保持原网络的性质.在5个真实数据集上进行对比实验,显示出该算法在压缩率、幂率性和平均聚类系数的保持等指标优于已有算法,同时在大规模数据下具有保持网络拓扑结构且支持概要图分层可视化的优点.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。