一种融合聚类与用户兴趣偏好的协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤推荐算法可以根据已知用户的偏好预测其可能感兴趣的项目,是现今最为成功、应用最广泛的推荐技术。然而,传统的协同过滤推荐算法受限于数据稀疏性问题,推荐结果较差。目前的协同过滤推荐算法大多只针对用户-项目评分矩阵进行数据分析,忽视了项目属性特征及用户对项目属性特征的偏好。针对上述问题,提出了一种融合聚类和用户兴趣偏好的协同过滤推荐算法。首先根据用户评分矩阵与项目类型信息,构建用户针对项目类型的用户兴趣偏好矩阵;然后利用K-Means算法对项目集进行聚类,并基于用户兴趣偏好矩阵查找待估值项所对应的近邻用户;在此基础上,通过结合项目相似度的加权Slope One算法在每一个项目类簇中对稀疏矩阵进行填充,以缓解数据稀疏性问题;进而基于用户兴趣偏好矩阵对用户进行聚类;最后,面向填充后的评分矩阵,在每一个用户类簇中使用基于用户的协同过滤算法对项目评分进行预测。实验结果表明,所提算法能够有效缓解原始评分矩阵的稀疏性问题,提升算法的推荐质量。     

基于评分差异度和用户偏好的协同过滤算法

针对传统协同过滤推荐算法仅通过使用用户评分数据计算用户相似度以至于推荐精度不高的问题,提出一种改进的协同过滤推荐算法。首先,以用户评分的平均值作为分界点得出用户间的评分差异度,并将其作为权重因子计算基于评分的用户相似度;其次,依据用户项目评分和项目类别信息挖掘用户对项目类别的兴趣度以及用户项目偏好,并以此计算用户偏好相似度;然后,结合上述两种相似度加权产生用户综合相似度;最后,融合传统项目相似度和用户综合相似度进行评分预测及项目推荐。实验结果表明,相对于传统的基于用户评分的协同过滤推荐算法,所提算法在数据集下的平均绝对误差值平均降低了2.4%。该算法可在一定程度上提高推荐算法精度以及推荐质量。     

基于共同用户和相似标签的好友推荐方法

针对目前的社交网络好友推荐方法用户兴趣不明显、用户之间相关性较差等问题,提出一种基于共同用户和相似标签的协同过滤算法。抽取共同关注用户作为共同项目,加入体现用户兴趣的自定义标签数据,并对标签进行相似度计算处理,以扩充稀疏矩阵,改善协同过滤推荐方法。实验结果表明,与单指标的协同过滤推荐算法相比,基于共同用户和相似标签的好友推荐方法更好地体现了用户兴趣,同时在推荐准确率和平均准确率上都有较大提高。     

基于动态社会行为和用户背景的协同推荐方法

针对传统协同过滤推荐算法推荐精度低及冷启动的问题,提出了一种基于动态社会行为和用户背景的协同推荐方法。作为用户标注行为的结果,变化的标签体现了用户行为的动态性。该方法首先根据动态社会化标签得出用户的动态兴趣偏好相似度,然后根据用户背景信息计算出用户相似度,最后计算基于时间权重的用户评分相似度,并集成上述3个相似度找出最近邻居集,以为目标用户提供更加准确的个性化推荐。实验结果证明,该方法不仅能较好地解决数据稀疏和冷启动的问题,还能有效提高推荐算法的精确度。     

基于改进相似度的协同过滤算法研究

协同过滤利用邻居用户的偏好对目标用户的偏好进行推荐预测,相似度计算是其关键。传统的相似度计算忽略了用户共同评分项目数与用户平均评分的影响,以至于在数据稀疏时不能很好地度量用户间的相似度。提出了两个修正因子来改进传统相似度,同时改进了协同过滤算法,将其应用于电影推荐。仿真结果表明,在电影推荐中,基于改进后相似度计算的协同过滤算法能取得比传统算法更低的MAE值,提高了电影推荐质量。     

基于标签主题的协同过滤推荐算法研究

传统基于标签的推荐算法仅考虑用户的评分信息,导致推荐准确度不高。为解决该问题,提出一种改进的协同过滤推荐算法。对用户-标签矩阵、资源-标签矩阵进行潜在Dirichlet分布建模,发掘推荐系统中的潜在语义主题,从语义层面计算用户对各资源的偏好概率,将计算出的偏好概率与协同过滤算法计算出的资源相似度相结合,预测用户偏好值,实现个性化推荐。在Movielens数据集上的实验结果表明,与传统基于标签的推荐算法相比,该算法能消除标签中存在的同义词、多义词等语义模糊问题,同时提高推荐准确度。     

基于加权三部图的协同过滤推荐算法

针对基于用户的协同过滤算法推荐结果过度集中在热门物品,导致多样性和新颖性较低、覆盖率较小的问题,文中提出基于加权三部图的协同过滤推荐算法.在分析数据稀疏和附加信息较少的基础上引入标签信息,可同时反映用户兴趣和物品属性,利用用户、物品和标签三元关系构建三部图.通过三部图网络映射到单模网络的方法获得用户偏好度,构建用户偏好度加权的三部图模型.根据热传导方法在加权三部图上进行资源重分配,挖掘更多的相似关系,利用协同过滤框架预测评分并进行推荐.在真实数据集上的实验表明,文中算法可较好地挖掘长尾物品,实现个性化推荐.     

结合用户主观偏好与项目属性扩充的推荐算法

协同过滤算法是推荐系统中使用广泛的一种算法,然而传统协同过滤算法仅利用评分信息,实际场景下会面临相似度计算准确率低,推荐个性化程度不高的缺陷,难以满足用户的需求.针对协同过滤算法的不足,结合用户主观偏好与项目属性扩充提出一种改进算法,首先在项目相似度计算上做了两个改进:引入标签相关度,依据项目标签相关度来研究项目之间的相似度,并根据项目历史评分用户的特征构造项目的扩充属性,可用于从项目受众类型的角度衡量项目相似度;其次考虑到用户存在主观偏好的情况,使用支持向量机为每个用户训练标签偏好预测模型,可用于项目预测评分的修正,提高推荐的个性化程度和准确度.基于MovieLens数据集的实验结果表明,所提算法能更准确地计算项目间的相似度,且能根据用户的个性化偏好得出更精确的预测评分.     

一种融合用户与项目属性的协同过滤算法的设计与实现

针对传统的协同过滤算法存在数据稀疏、冷启动、推荐精度低等问题,提出一种充分融合用户与项目属性的协同过滤算法。利用项目属性和用户属性分别对用户相似度和项目相似度计算方法进行改进,并将用户和项目协同过滤进行组合加权,提高预测兴趣度的准确度。引入用户属性-项目类型偏好权重因子,利用天牛须搜索方法对兴趣度计算方法进行改进。实验结果表明:该算法能有效地缓解冷启动、数据稀疏对推荐系统的影响,且推荐精度有一定的提高。与传统的项目和用户协同过滤算法相比,召回率分别提高了8.65%和3.39%。     

一种融合项目特征和移动用户信任关系的推荐算法

协同过滤推荐系统中普遍存在评分数据稀疏问题.传统的协同过滤推荐系统中的余弦、Pearson 等方法都是基于共同评分项目来计算用户间的相似度;而在稀疏的评分数据中,用户间共同评分的项目所占比重较小,不能准确地找到偏好相似的用户,从而影响协同过滤推荐的准确度.为了改变基于共同评分项目的用户相似度计算,使用推土机距离（earth mover's distance,简称EMD）实现跨项目的移动用户相似度计算,提出了一种融合项目特征和移动用户信任关系的协同过滤推荐算法.实验结果表明：与余弦、Pearson 方法相比,融合项目特征的用户相似度计算方法能够缓解评分数据稀疏对协同过滤算法的影响.所提出的推荐算法能够提高移动推荐的准确度.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.