Comparative antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesised by biological and chemical routes with pluronic F68 as a stabilising agent

The authors report the comparative antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesised by biological (using Fusarium oxysporum) and chemical routes in the presence and absence of pluronic F68 as a stabilising agent. The production of silver nanoparticles was evidenced by UV–visible spectra, with absorbance at about 420 nm in the case of both biological and chemical synthesis. X‐ray diffraction pattern confirmed the presence of face‐centred cubic structure (FCC plane). The nanoparticles characterised by transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed spherical silver nanoparticles with size range of 5–40 and 10–70 nm in the case of biologically and chemically synthesised nanoparticles, respectively. Addition of pluronic F68 showed the stabilisation of silver nanoparticles. Antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles demonstrated different inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, biologically synthesised silver nanoparticles showed higher activity as compared with chemically synthesised nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles synthesised in the presence of pluronic F68 by the chemical route exhibited synergism in antibacterial activity as compared with those synthesised without pluronic F68. On the contrary, biogenic silver nanoparticles without pluronic F68 showed higher antibacterial potential.Inspec keywords: antibacterial activity, nanofabrication, silver, X‐ray diffraction, biomedical materials, nanomedicine, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet spectra, visible spectra, materials preparation, nanoparticlesOther keywords: pluronic F68, stabilising agent, comparative antibacterial activity, Fusarium oxysporum, UV‐visible spectra, biological synthesis, chemical synthesis, X‐ray diffraction pattern, face‐centred cubic structure, FCC plane, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, spherical silver nanoparticles, antibacterial efficacy, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, synergism, biogenic silver nanoparticles, wavelength 420 nm, size 10 nm to 70 nm, size 5 nm to 40 nm, Ag     

Synthesis of Starch-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antimicrobial Activity

In this study, silver nanoparticles were prepared using silver nitrate as the metal precursor, starch as protecting agent, and sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) as a reducing agent by the chemical reduction method. The formation of the silver nanoparticles was monitored using ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and particle size analyzer and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Synthesis of nanoparticles were carried out by varying different parameters, such as reaction temperature, concentration of reducing agent, concentration of silver ion in feed solution, type and concentration of the stabilizing agent, and stirrer speed expressed in terms of particle size and size distribution. Dispersion destabilization of colloidal nanoparticles was detected by Turbiscan. It was observed that size of the starch stabilized silver nanoparticles were lower than 10 nm. The microbial activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles was examined by modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Silver nanoparticles were tested for their antibacterial activity against Gram negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Gram positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. High bacterial activity was observed at very low concentrations of silver (below 1.39 μg/ml). The antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles has been assayed against Candida albicans.     

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from purple acid phosphatase apoenzyme isolated from a new source Limonia acidissima

Green synthesis of nanoparticles is regarded as a safe and non-toxic process whereas conventional synthesis using chemical methods produces toxic substance. This study provides a novel insight for enzymatic synthesis method of silver nanoparticles using purple acid phosphatase, isolated from Limonia acidissima (wood apple) as a new source and used in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Stable silver nanoparticles were produced by sonochemical method using apoenzyme as a stabilising and capping agent and were characterised by various physicochemical techniques like UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray study shows that nanoparticles are composed of silver and silver oxide. The synthesised nanoparticles exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.     

银纳米颗粒的化学还原法制备简介及其应用

银纳米颗粒的光学性能,如局域表面等离子体共振(Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance,LSPR)特性可通过其形貌、尺寸、外部介电环境的调控而实现变化。不同形貌的银纳米颗粒具有强弱不同的局域表面等离子体共振效应,从而表现出独特的光学性质。综述了利用化学还原法制备不同形貌的银纳米颗粒,主要包括柠檬酸钠还原法、多元醇法以及种子介导生长法,分析了这3种合成方法的机理和特点,将近年来不同形貌银纳米颗粒的研究进展进行了综述。最后介绍了不同形貌银纳米颗粒在表面增强拉曼散射(Surface-Enhanced Roman scattering,SERS)基底、催化、抗菌领域上的应用研究,并总结和展望了银纳米颗粒在合成和相关应用领域的发展前景。     

纳米银的合成及其抗菌应用研究进展

病原微生物严重威胁着人类的健康安全,纳米银作为一种新型抗菌材料,其制备与应用已成为纳米材料领域的研究热点。本文综述了纳米银的主要合成方法,包括多糖法、Tollens试剂法、辐射法、生物法和多金属氧酸盐法等,具有原料广泛、反应温和、成本低廉和环境友好等优点。基于纳米银的优异抗菌性能,总结了纳米银的抗菌机理及其抗菌应用,并展望了纳米银在抗菌涂料、抗菌包装等领域的发展前景。     

Comparative study of antifungal effect of green and chemically synthesised silver nanoparticles in combination with carbendazim,mancozeb, and thiram

This study reports synthesis and characterisation of silver nanoparticles and their effect on antifungal efficacy of common agricultural fungicides. Silver nanoparticles were synthesised using biological and chemical reduction methods employing Elettaria cardamomum leaf extract and sodium citrate, respectively. Nanoparticles were then characterised using UV–Visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). While XRD assigned particles size of 31.86 nm for green and 41.91 nm for chemical silver nanoparticles with the help of the Debye–Scherrer formula, DLS specified monodisperse nature of both suspensions. Nanoparticles were tested individually and in combination with fungicides (carbendazim, mancozeb, and thiram) against fungal phytopathogens. Silver nanoparticles exhibited good antifungal activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was observed in the range of 8–64 µg/ml. Also, they positively influenced the efficacy of fungicides. The mean MIC value (mean ± SD) for combination of all three fungicides with green AgNPs was 1.37 ± 0.6 µg/ml and for chemical AgNPs was 1.73 ± 1.0 µg/ml. Hence, it could be concluded that green AgNPs performed better than chemical AgNPs. Synergy was observed between green AgNPs and fungicides against Fusarium oxysporum. In conclusion, this study reports synthesis of monodisperse silver nanoparticles which serve as efficient antifungal agents and also enhance the fungicidal action of reported agricultural fungicides in combination studies.Inspec keywords: X‐ray diffraction, reduction (chemical), visible spectra, ultraviolet spectra, microorganisms, particle size, nanomedicine, nanofabrication, nanoparticles, agrochemicals, antibacterial activity, transmission electron microscopy, silver, light scattering, scanning electron microscopyOther keywords: antifungal effect, green silver nanoparticles, chemically synthesised silver nanoparticles, carbendazim, mancozeb, thiram, antifungal efficacy, common agricultural fungicides, biological reduction methods, chemical reduction methods, transmission electron microscopy, XRD assigned particles size, chemical silver nanoparticles, green AgNPs, chemical AgNPs, monodisperse silver nanoparticles, antifungal activity, agricultural fungicides, Elettaria cardamomum leaf extract, sodium citrate, UV‐visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, size 31.86 nm, size 41.91 nm     

Enhanced antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles obtained by electrochemical synthesis in poly(amide-hydroxyurethane) media

In the present study, we report enhanced antimicrobial properties of 29 and 23 nm silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) obtained by electrochemical synthesis in poly(amide-hydroxyurethane) media. Antibacterial activity assessed by disk diffusion method indicates that silver nanoparticles produced inhibition zones for both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus depending on silver concentration. The bacterial growth curve performed in the presence of silver nanoparticles showed a stronger antibacterial effect at lower concentrations than those described in the earlier reports. The effect was both dose and size dependent and was more pronounced against Gram negative bacteria than Gram positive one. The smallest Ag NPs used had a bactericidal effect resulting in killing E. coli cells. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated major damage and morphology changes of the silver nanoparticles treated bacterial cells. The major mechanism responsible for the antibacterial effect probably consists in clusters formation and nanoparticles anchorage to the bacterial cell surface.     

Extracellular biosynthesis,characterisation and in-vitro antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles using Agaricus bisporus

Microbial silver nanoparticles have been known to have bactericidal effects but the antimicrobial mechanism has not been clearly revealed. The use of microorganisms in the synthesis of nanoparticles emerges as an ecofriendly and exciting approach. Here we report on the extracellular synthesis method for the preparation of silver nanoparticles in water using the extract of Agaricus bisporus, a naturally occurring edible mushroom, as reducing and protecting agents. The silver nanoparticles were characterised by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The synthesised silver nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against the multi-drug resistant Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial pathogens.     

In situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles on silk fabric with PNP for antibacterial finishing

This research presents a generic strategy to fabricate antibacterial textile through in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles on the fabric with smart polymeric molecules. Silk fabric and polyamide network polymer (PNP) were chosen for this study. PNP which has numerous amino groups and three-dimensional structure was applied to entrap silver ions into silk fabric. The pretreated silk fabrics were heated by steam method to make silver nanoparticles synthesized in situ on them without any other reductant and linker to provide silk fabric with antibacterial properties. The results indicated that the treated silk fabrics had excellent antibacterial activity and laundering durability. The quantitative bacterial tests showed the bacterial reduction rates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were able to reach above 99 % with not more than 0.05 mmol/L of AgNO₃. The whiteness of silk fabric only changed from 90.47 to 86.49. The antibacterial activity of the treated silk fabric was maintained at 98.86 % reduction even after being exposed to 30 consecutive home laundering conditions. In addition, the results of scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that silver nanoparticles had generated and dispersed well in Ag⁰ form on the surface of silk fibers. The understanding acquired from this work will allow one to work with the preparation of other silver nanoparticles functional textiles with excellent antibacterial activities and laundering durability through this facile, eco-friendly in situ synthesis method.     

Controllable synthesis and biomedical applications of silver nanomaterials

Silver nanomaterials have lots of peculiar and exciting physical and chemical properties that are different from massive silver, so the synthesis and applications of silver nanomaterials have attracted a great deal of attention in the last decade. Currently, all kinds of silver nanomaterials having different shapes and sizes have been synthesized by many ingenious methods, and silver nanomaterials have exhibited extensive application prospects in many fields especially in biomedical aspect. In this article, the controllable synthesis of silver nanomaterials including nanorods, nanowires, nanotubes, nanoprisms, nanoplates, nanodisks, nanospheres, and nanopolyhedrons, etc. are reviewed. Silver nanomaterials are most utilized in the form of nanoparticles, so the main biomedical applications of silver nanoparticles, such as antibacterial and antiviral applications, antitumor applications, biosensors and biological labels, optical imaging and imaging intensifier, are discussed. Although antibacterial applications are still the most important aspects of silver nanomaterials at present, antitumor, optical sensors and imaging applications of silver nanomaterials have also shown good potential perspectives. More biomedical applications of silver nanomaterials still need to be exploited for the future, and the biological safety of silver nanomaterials also should be paid enough attention before their practical applications.     

A novel approach for the biosynthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Callistemon lanceolatus (Myrtaceae) and their therapeutic potential

This study describes a novel biological route for the biosynthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles utilising the aqueous extract of Callistemon lanceolatus D.C. leaves. Formation of silver oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy analysis. The biologically synthesised silver oxide nanoparticles were found to be 3–30 nm in size with spherical and hexagonal shape by high-resolution transmission electron microscope analysis. Furthermore, the biogenic silver oxide nanoparticles demonstrated significant (p?in vitro antioxidant methods. These particles also exhibited significant (p?相似文献   

纳米银/聚合物复合材料的原位法制备技术综述

纳米银/聚合物复合材料结合了纳米银优异的物理化学性能和聚合物的易加工和成膜性的特点,被广泛应用于抗菌、催化和光电等领域。原位法具有工艺简单、成本低、可形成单分散的纳米粒子等优点,被广泛用于制备纳米银/聚合物复合材料。主要综述了纳米银/聚合物复合材料的原位制备方法,主要包括原位生成法、原位聚合法、双原位合成法,并提出了纳米银/聚合物复合材料的发展方向。     

Investigative evaluation of Cassia absus for antibacterial capacity and biomimetic synthesis of silver nanoparticles

Cassia absus is used for medicinal purposes for a long time all over the world. In this study, the authors report the antimicrobial potential of C. absus extracts obtained with different solvents. The extract(s) obtained with ethyl acetate yielded the best antibacterial effects because of a rich supply of oxalates and alkaloids in it. The same extract was also exploited for reducing Ag⁺ ions (to metallic Ag⁰) for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Electron microscopy revealed that the silver nanoparticles were ∼18–25 nm in diameter. The Fourier‐transform infrared evaluation pointed towards the fact that flavonoids present in the plant extract were acting as reductants while amino groups were the bound stabilisation agents to the synthesised nanoparticles limiting the diameter to a certain threshold and avoiding aggregation naturally. A comparative antibacterial assay of C. absus versus Ag nanoparticles showed that the nanoparticles as well as organic (ethyl acetate) extract of the plant checked the growth of selected (MDR) superbugs. However, the biosynthesised Ag nanoparticles returned better antibacterial efficacies than ethyl acetate extract.Inspec keywords: biomimetics, nanomedicine, nanoparticles, nanofabrication, reduction (chemical), microorganisms, silver, antibacterial activity, Fourier transform infrared spectra, biomedical materials, electron microscopyOther keywords: antibacterial capacity, biomimetic synthesis, silver nanoparticles, antimicrobial potential, ethyl acetate, oxalates, alkaloids, electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared evaluation, antibacterial efficacies, antibacterial assay, organic extract, Cassia absus, flavonoids, Ag     

Green synthesis,characterisation and biological studies of AgNPs prepared using Shivlingi (Bryonia laciniosa) seed extract

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Shivlingi (Bryonia laciniosa) seed extract was carried out. Characterisation of synthesised nanoparticles was accomplished through the optical absorption and photoluminescence spectrum, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD analysis further confirmed the size of nanoparticles ∼15 nm. TEM images revealed homogeneous spherical ∼10 nm Bryonia extract capped AgNPs. The biological studies indicated that both Bryonia seed extract and the nanoparticles lack anti‐microbial activity; however, the nanoparticles had better cytotoxicity and total antioxidant activity. The Lethal concentration (LC)₅₀ value of water extract and the nanoparticles were found to be 1091 and 592 μg/ml, respectively. The lower LC₅₀ of nanoparticles indicates that it is more cytotoxic than the crude extract. The results indicate that the Bryonia seed is safe to be used as a medicine and the formation of their nanoparticle has further enriched the chemical reactivity, energy absorption and biological mobility.Inspec keywords: silver, nanoparticles, nanomedicine, particle size, microorganisms, cellular biophysics, nanofabrication, photoluminescence, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, antibacterial activity, biochemistryOther keywords: green synthesis, biological studies, Shivlingi seed extraction, Bryonia laciniosa, silver nanoparticles, optical absorption, photoluminescence spectrum, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, XRD analysis, nanoparticle size, TEM images, homogeneous spherical images, antioxidant activity, water extraction, chemical reactivity, energy absorption, biological mobility, Ag     

Bio‐inspired synthesis of silver nanoparticles from leaf extracts of Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.): its potential antibacterial and anticancer activities

In this investigation, the biological synthesis method was adopted to synthesise silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using the leaf extracts of Cleistanthus collinus (C. collinus). This plant has traditionally been used to remove the harmful pest from the agriculture field. Leaf extract of C. collinus was used as bioreductant on the precursor solvent of AgNO₃. The synthesised AgNPs were characterised by spectroscopic method such as UV–vis spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and microscopic method by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. The AgNPs were studied for both antibacterial and antifungal activities and found to exhibit potential antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The anticancer activity of AgNPs was screened against A‐431 osteosarcoma cell line by [3‐(4, 5‐dimetheylthiazol‐2)‐2, 5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay and the IC₅₀ value was found to be 91.05 ± 1.53 μg/ml. This trend of eco‐friendly stable synthesis of AgNPs could prove a better substitute for the chemical methods and offer greater opportunity to use these nanosilvers in agricultural and biomedical sectors.Inspec keywords: bio‐inspired materials, silver, nanoparticles, nanomedicine, antibacterial activity, cancer, biomedical materials, microorganisms, nanofabrication, attenuated total reflection, Fourier transform infrared spectra, ultraviolet spectra, visible spectra, light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, field emission electron microscopy, cellular biophysicsOther keywords: bio‐inspired synthesis, silver nanoparticles, Cleistanthus collinus, antibacterial activity, anticancer activity, leaf extracts, biological synthesis method, bioreductant, precursor solvent, UV‐visible spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, A‐431 osteosarcoma cell line, 3‐(4, 5‐dimetheylthiazol‐2)‐2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, eco‐friendly stable synthesis, Ag     

Preparation and characterisation of silver nanoparticle coated on cellulose paper: evaluation of their potential as antibacterial water filter

This study investigates the ability of cellulose filter paper coated with silver nanoparticles to remove Escherichia coli from drinking water. The cellulose filter paper was coated with silver nanoparticles by a chemical reduction method using two different ratios of sodium borohydride and silver nitrate. In consideration of drinking-water quality standards and non-carcinogenic health risks, the optimum sodium borohydride:silver nitrate ratio for coating the cellulose filter paper was determined by comparing the silver in the effluent after E. coli removal. For both ratios, 100% E. coli removal was realised. In terms of the silver in the effluent, only the first two lowest concentrations for both ratios of sodium borohydride and silver nitrate were compliant with the drinking-water quality standards, demonstrating hazard quotients (HQs) between 0.084 and 0.484. On the basis of the highest level of E. coli removal with the lowest HQ value, the optimum sodium borohydride:silver nitrate ratio for coating the cellulose filter paper as an antibacterial water filter was 2:1 molar ratio (0.002 M:0.001 M). Silver nanoparticle-coated cellulose filter paper was found to be an inexpensive and easy-to-use emergency antibacterial water filter to generate clean drinking water.     

Gundelia tournefortii L.: a natural source for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles

The present study focused on the synthesis of spherical silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using Gundelia tournefortii L. aerial part extract. The plant extract could reduce silver ions into Ag NPs. To identify the compounds responsible for the reduction of silver ions, functional groups present in plant extract were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Techniques used to characterise synthesised nanoparticles included field emission scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. UV‐visible spectrophotometer showed the absorbance peak in the range of 400–450 nm. The Ag NPs showed antibacterial activities against both gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus Cereus) and gram negative (Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli) microorganisms. The results confirmed that this protocol was simple, rapid, eco‐friendly, low‐priced and non‐toxic; therefore, it could be used as an alternative to conventional physical/chemical methods. Only 5 min were required for the conversion of silver ions into Ag NPs at room temperature, without the involvement of any hazardous chemical.Inspec keywords: nanoparticles, silver, nanofabrication, microorganisms, Fourier transform infrared spectra, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet spectra, visible spectraOther keywords: Ag, temperature 293 K to 298 K, chemical method, physical method, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, gram negative microorganisms, Bacillus Cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, gram positive microorganisms, antibacterial activities, absorbance peak, UV‐visible spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, functional groups, plant extract, Gundelia tournefortii L. aerial part extract, spherical silver nanoparticle synthesis, silver nanoparticle green synthesis, natural source     

Evaluation of anti‐bacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesised by coprophilous fungus PM0651419

The study explored biological synthesis of metallic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the less explored non‐pathogenic coprophilous fungus, sterile mycelium, PM0651419 and evaluates the antimicrobial efficacy of biosynthesised AgNPs when impregnated in wound fabrics and in combination with six antimicrobial agents. AgNPs alone proved to be potent antibacterial agents and in combination they enhanced the antibacterial activity and spectrum of antibacterials used in the study against a microbiologically diverse battery of Gram positive, Gram negative and multidrug‐resistant bacteria. AgNPs impregnated on the wound dressings established their antibacterial activity by significantly reducing the bacterial load of pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis e stablishing potential as effective antimicrobial wound dressings for treatment of polymicrobial wound infections. This study presents the first report on the potential of biosynthesis of AgNPs from the under explored class of coprophilous fungi. Their promise to be used in wound dressings and as potent antibacterials alone and in combination is evaluatedInspec keywords: silver, nanoparticles, nanofabrication, nanomedicine, biomedical materials, microorganisms, antibacterial activity, wounds, fabricsOther keywords: antibacterial activity, coprophilous fungus PM0651419, biological synthesis, metallic silver nanoparticles, nonpathogenic coprophilous fungus, sterile mycelium, antimicrobial efficacy, biosynthesised AgNPs, wound fabrics, microbiologically diverse battery, Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria, multidrug‐resistant bacteria, wound dressings, bacterial load, pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, polymicrobial wound infections, Ag     

Enhanced antibacterial effect of azlocillin in conjugation with silver nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

In recent years, the problems associated with bacterial resistance to antibiotics caused nanodrugs to be considered as a new way for infectious diseases treatment. The main purpose of this study was to develop a new agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a very difficult bacterium to treat, based on azlocillin antibiotic and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Azlocillin was conjugated with AgNPs by chemical methods and its antimicrobial activity was studied against P. aeruginosa using well diffusion agar method. Then, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the new conjugate was specified with macro‐dilution method. The animal study showed the considerable enhanced antibacterial effect of azlocillin in conjugation with AgNPs against P. aeruginosa in comparison with azlocillin alone, AgNPs alone and azlocillin in combination with AgNPs.Inspec keywords: antibacterial activity, silver, nanoparticles, organic compounds, microorganisms, drugs, nanomedicine, biomedical materials, diseases, diffusion, nanofabricationOther keywords: Ag, macrodilution method, minimum bactericidal concentration, minimum inhibitory concentration, well diffusion agar method, P. aeruginosa, antimicrobial activity, chemical methods, azlocillin antibiotic nanoparticles, infectious diseases treatment, nanodrugs, bacterial resistance, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, silver nanoparticles, antibacterial effect     

Characterization of phyto-nanoparticles from Ficus krishnae for their antibacterial and anticancer activities

Background: Ovarian cancer is deadliest of fifth leading cause of death in women worldwide. This is due to advanced-stage disease rate associated with the development of chemoresistance. Hence, the current study emphasizes the process of synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from green chemistry method. Ficus krishnae is a perennial plant, native to India, used in folklore medicine to treat various diseases.

Objective: For the development of reliable, ecofriendly, less expensive process for the synthesis of AgNPs against bacterial and ovarian cancer.

Methodology: The synthesis of silver nanoparticles from stem bark of Ficus krishnae was carried out. The synthesized nanoparticles are subjected by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and FTIR analysis. The antibacterial efficacy also determined by disc diffusion method, MIC, CFU and growth curve. In vitro cytotoxicity effect of aqueous extract and AgFK nanoparticle in ovarian cancer cell line by MTT assay was performed.

Results: The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-VIS spectroscopic absorbance shown that peak at 435?nm. XRD photograph has indicated the face-centered cubic structure of the synthesized AgNPs. SEM study demonstrated that the size from 160 to 260?nm with interparticle distance, whereas shape is spherical. The particle size were ranging from 15 to 28?nm determined by XRD pattern. The antibacterial and cytotoxicity activity of this nanoparticle has showed a potential activity when compared with standards.

Conclusion: The present study confirms that the biosynthesized AgNPs from Ficus krishnae stem bark extract have a great affiance as antibacterial and anticancer agent.