增湿去湿海水淡化技术的研究进展

增湿去湿海水淡化技术是对主流海水淡化技术的一个重要补充。本文根据淡化装置中潜热利用方式、物料循环方式、淡化过程驱动形式、传热传质方式和能量供应对增湿去湿海水淡化装置进行了全面系统地分类,并从蒸发室、冷凝室和供能模块3个方面对增湿去湿淡化装置进行了详细的分析。总结归纳了表征增湿去湿海水淡化装置性能的主要指标,最后从装置材料、淡化工艺和结构设计等方面提出了增湿去湿海水淡化装置设计的思路与建议。     

鼓泡蒸发式太阳能海水淡化装置的试验研究

基于鼓泡蒸发和露点蒸发机理,设计建造了一台综合利用太阳能的鼓泡蒸发式海水淡化装置,并对该装置进行了鼓泡蒸发试验.试验对装置的稳态蒸发性能进行了研究,给出了装置在特定的运行温度和压力,不同的鼓气量和引风量下的产水率、耗电当量及经济性能系数.结果表明,由于在装置中采用了鼓泡蒸发技术,并对蒸汽进行了引风的强制对流措施,从而提高了装置的产水率,使装置具备较高的经济性能系数.     

海水淡化的现状发展以及几种典型蒸发器的研究

介绍海水淡化的优势、技术现状以及发展趋势,对海水淡化的方法进行了总结,分析蒸发技术现状及发展趋势。介绍蒸发装置选型的一般原则以及几种典型蒸发设备的优缺点。     

塑料换热器在海水淡化中的应用

阐述了塑料换热器在海水淡化中应用的研究状况,分析了塑料换热器所具有的优势如成本更低、更好的防腐防垢性能,质量更轻和能耗更低等,重点讨论了塑料换热器在露点蒸发淡化技术中的应用和有利条件,并对塑料换热器在海水淡化中的应用前景作了进一步的展望。     

热泵式海水淡化系统实验研究

本文将蒸发式冷凝器应用到热泵式海水淡化装置中，构建了新的系统，并测试该海水淡化装置的性能。在其他参数不变的情况下，研究海水入口温度、海水喷淋量、蒸发式冷凝器侧出口湿球温度对淡水产量的影响，从而为热泵式海水淡化装置的设计提供参考。     

三效管式海水淡化装置产水性能实验研究

研制了一种三效管式海水淡化装置,对其进行了定功率和太阳能加热运行实验研究,分析了该淡化装置的产水性能及影响因素。定功率实验研究表明,当淡化装置加热功率为300 W时,其性能系数最高达约1.32,提升淡化装置蒸发传热,同时降低热量耗散(辐射耗散和对流耗散),加大装置冷凝温差可以提升淡化装置性能。太阳能加热实验结果表明,淡化装置的产水性能受太阳辐射值、太阳能集热系统效率、热源稳定性、环境温度与风速等多种因素影响,特别是热源稳定性对装置性能有较大影响。     

增湿一去湿海水淡化技术研究进展

增湿-去湿淡化工艺是一种不同于常规蒸馏法和膜法的新型海水淡化技术，具有规模灵活、设备投资和操作成本适中、结构筒单、可利用低位热能等优点。本文介绍了增湿．去湿淡化技术的原理，比较了不同形式的增湿-去湿淡化过程，总结了该工艺的技术特点，并指出了其现阶段的应用现状和发展前景。     

横盘管降膜蒸发舰载余热海水淡化装置

设计建造了一台利用余热驱动的横盘管降膜蒸发海水淡化装置,利用电加热系统,对该装置进行了稳态模拟实验研究。实验结果表明,由于采用了横盘管降膜蒸发与降膜冷凝工艺,不但使装置变得紧凑,大大减少了焊接工作量,也使系统内的传热传质过程得到极大强化。在实验条件下,单位蒸发与冷凝面积传热速率分别达到4．25kW／m^2和9．70kW／m^2,因而系统具有较高的产水率。对加热水流量、加热水温度、装置内压力及冷却水温度等影响产水率的因素作了测试与分析,给出了合理的取值范围。     

海水淡化及综合利用技术

文章分析了海水淡化技术现状,介绍了当今海水淡化的三大主流技术:多级闪蒸、低温多效蒸发和反渗透三种工艺。对新技术在海水淡化中的应用做了描述,最后分析了海水综合利用的工艺。     

真空冷冻——汽相冷凝海水淡化新技术研究

真空冷冻－－汽相冷凝海水淡化新技术的依据海水的三相点理论，使海水同时蒸发与结冰的一种低能耗、轻腐蚀结垢的海水海化方法。文章研究了各步骤的工艺条件，并完成了实验室小型装置，重点讨论了压力和温度对海水蒸发与结冰的影响、冰盐水的分离方法和冰晶洗涤以及蒸汽冷凝。结果表明产品淡化水可达到国家饮用水标准，蒸汽冷凝解决了蒸汽去除难的问题。     

海水淡化露点蒸发传热柱中不凝气分率的变化及其对传热过程的影响

蒸汽冷凝传热中,高分率不凝气,对露点蒸发（增湿／去湿）、多效和多级闪蒸等淡化装置,以及某些工业装置的传热过程,具有很大的不良影响。本文建立了含高分率不凝气的冷凝传热实验系统（有效传热高度分别为2．5、2．0、1．6、1,3、1.0m）,着重考察了在不同高度条件下,不凝气的分率变化情况及其对传热效率的影响。研究了改善含高分率不凝气传热过程的合理措施。实验表明冷凝柱高度对其传热系数有重要影响,随着柱高的增加,气侧不凝气分率提高,传热系数不断下降;较低的柱高有利于保持较高的传热系数,但需通过优化处理决定有关过程和设备参数。在实验基础上对该传热过程进行了数据模拟,模拟结果很好的证实了实验结果,也进一步深化了实验结果。     

Process simulation of desalination by electrodialysis of an aqueous solution containing a neutral solute

A model was developed to describe the desalination process of an aqueous solution consisting of a salt and a neutral solute using electrodialysis (ED). Under the assumption of plug flow in compartments, the ED process was analyzed in two-dimensional directions of the electric field and flow to get the differential equations of mass balance in the flow length. Then the transport equations of solutes and water through the membrane were deduced by the irreversible thermodynamics approach. Under the limited condition of uniform current density, the model composed of a first-order differential equation set was developed. While the model parameters such as transport coefficients, dimensions of ED equipment, operation conditions and characteristics of solutes are given, the model was solved by the numerical method. The variations of current density, concentrations of solutes and velocities in dilute and concentrated compartments vs. flow length can be simulated by the model. While there was no neutral solute, the model was used to simulate the desalination process of a salt solution. By comparing the ED experiments to the simulations, it is shown that the model is well suited to describe the actual desalination process. The effects of the initial values of variables in the model on the desalination process were simulated to attempt to construct the actual ED process; and the general simulation of desalination process can be realized by the model. While the effect of concentration polarization on the desalination process is reflected by the variation of membrane conductivity, the model was verified to describe the ED process successfully under low velocity.     

Complexation-Enhanced Boron Removal in a Dual-Stage Nanofiltration Seawater Desalination Process

A complexation-enhanced boron removal method in a dual-stage nanofiltration (NF) seawater desalination process was investigated. A comparative experiment of five different polyols was carried out. Sorbitol was chosen as the complexation additive because of its higher equilibrium constant. The reaction between boron and sorbitol was rapid and only slightly affected by the other ions. Due to the complexation reaction, boron rejection of dual-stage NF seawater desalination process was increased from 35% to 62% in the first stage and from 42% to 55% in the second stage. Boron concentration reached 0.1 mg/L by adjusting the complexation and pH value. Molecular structures were simulated using the molecular simulation technology. The results indicated that molecular structure and molecular size played significant roles in enhancing boron removal. Meanwhile, NaOH and sorbitol had no evident effect on the chemical structure of the membrane surface. The results indicated that complexation is an effective method to reduce boron concentration in a dual-stage NF seawater desalination process.     

煤化工行业高含盐废水处理及多效蒸发结晶技术的应用

煤化工生产中产生的高盐废水,一般作为清洁下水直接排放,而近年来不仅仅要对其达标排放,还要最大限度地对其回收利用。简述了目前处理煤化工行业高含盐废水的方法（电解法、离子交换法、膜分离法、生物处理法和多效蒸发结晶脱盐法）,重点介绍了多效蒸发结晶脱盐法及其应用。提出多效蒸发结晶脱盐法具有技术成熟、可处理废水范围广、占地面积小、处理速度快、节能等优点,在处理煤化工高含盐废水上具有较大的发展前景。     

高回收率反渗透海水淡化工艺

目前反渗透海水淡化的回收率小于40％。本文研究开发死端超滤预处理技术和反渗透一纳滤联合脱盐相结合的膜集成海水淡化新工艺,与传统工艺比较,具有装置体积小,产水回收率高等优点。文章介绍了采用新工艺的海水淡化装置样机的试制情况及现场运行结果。沿岸海水为料液,操作压力1为5．1MPa条件下,操作压力2为2.0MPa条件下,装置脱盐率99．21％,产水量3971.3L/h,产水回收率55％。海水淡化装置对海水中Ca^2 、Mg^2 、Na^ 、HCO3^-、Cl^-、SO4^2-、TDS,总碱度,总硬度的脱除率分别为99％,99．6％,99．21％,95％,99．35％,98．48％,99.21％,95％,99．42％。     

海水淡化过程优化设计的研究进展

海水淡化是能源密集型工业,对淡化工艺、操作参数及设备结构等进行优化设计是降低淡化过程能耗的有效途径。本文分析了不同海水淡化方法的技术特点,详细介绍了海水淡化过程的优化设计方法及海水淡化技术集成的研究进展。     

惠炼电脱盐工艺运行情况分析

文章介绍了高速直流电脱盐和高效交直流电脱盐组合式工艺在惠炼常减压装置的实际应用情况,通过实践数据验证,这套工艺的脱盐脱水效果较好,能耗状况较佳,表明这套工艺是一套经济可靠、性能优良的工艺.     

碳酸二甲酯生产中碳化脱盐工艺优化的研究

研究了碳酸二甲酯装置生产过程中碳化脱盐工艺参数优化的问题。针对现有碳酸二甲酯装置碳化脱盐工艺存在的问题,从调整装置工艺参数和优化现有工艺流程入手,使得丙二醇的产品质量和产品收率都得到提高,从而使得装置经济效益大大提高。     

Experimental study of a multiple-effect humidification solar desalination technique

The object of this research is to experimentally investigate the principal operating parameters of a new desalination process working with an air multiple-effect humidification-dehumidification method. A test set-up was designed and constructed to carry out and optimize this technique. The main parts of the present set-up consist of a heat equipment device (heat exchanger), a spray humidifier and a dehumidifier system. This equipment was used to simulate the seawater desalination process experimentally with an eight-stage air solar collector heating-humidifying system. The outlet temperature of the air solar collector was correlated for use in the desalination process as a solar heating device. The operating conditions studied were: ratio of water to dry air mass flow rate through the system, humidifier inlet absolute humidity, dry air mass flow rate through the system and solar irradiation or humidifier inlet air temperature. The experimental results obtained were used to put stress and correlate the influence of the different operating conditions on the behavior of the eight-stage air heating-humidifying desalination process. The ratio of water to dry air mass flow rates was optimized, precisely 45%. The value of dry air mass flow rate through the system can be also varied with solar radiation in order to have a maximum of humidity content at the end of the system and though working in an adiabatic humidification process.