焊接热循环及时效处理对一种Ni-Fe基高温合金的组织和力学性能的影响

采用焊接热模拟实验,研究了焊接热循环对一种700℃超超临界火电机组高温部件候选材料—Ni-Fe基高温合金组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,固溶态Ni-Fe基高温合金在经过峰值温度为1249℃的焊接热循环后,25和700℃屈服强度和抗拉强度都降低,延伸率升高.对经过焊接热循环后的合金再进行时效处理发现,在25℃时,焊接热循环后再时效样品的屈服强度和抗拉强度与母材时效态相当;在700℃时,焊接热循环后再时效样品的强度高于母材时效态的强度.Ni-Fe基高温合金在高温焊接热循环过程中,强化相γ'以及难溶相MC发生溶解,导致强度下降.经过时效处理后,强化相γ'再次大量析出,同时晶界析出了M23C6.M23C6存在于晶界,并没有造成拉伸性能的弱化.高温焊接热循环使MC发生部分溶解,为M23C6的时效析出提供了C元素.     

热处理和热循环对Ru-49Ta高温形状记忆合金马氏体相变行为的影响

用示差扫描热分析仪(DSC)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和光学显微镜系统研究了热处理和热循环对Ru-49Ta高温形状记忆合金马氏体相变行为的影响。结果表明：Ru-49T8合金的Ms(马氏体相变开始温度)和Af(马氏体逆相变结束温度)分别为1065℃和1085℃，相变温度范围(Ms-Mf)为15℃，相变热滞和相变热比较小，分别为22℃和2J／g。热处理对Ru-49Ta合金马氏体相变行为影响不大，该合金的马氏体相稳定性良好，不存在时效效应，相变方式为孪生。热循环对Ru-49Ta合金马氏体相变温度和热滞影响不大，随热循环的进行，相变热有所减少。     

热处理对镍钛合金组织和相变特性的影响

通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)研究了固溶时效对Ti-50.8Ni和Ti-50.8Ni-0.3Cr合金显微组织及相变特性影响。结果表明,固溶后两种合金组织都由原始拉拔纤维组织转变为等轴晶粒,晶粒随固溶温度升高而长大,固溶后母相主要是B2(B19’)相,同时发现存在Ti Ni3粒子。两种合金的马氏体相变峰值温度Mp随着固溶温度升高及时间延长先降低再升高。500℃时效0.5 h时Ti-50.8Ni合金加热/冷却相变类型是A→R→M1→M2/M→Rr→A,Ti-50.8Ni-0.3%Cr合金相变类型是A→R→M1→M2/M→Rr1→Rr2→A;时效1 h时,两种合金加热/冷却相变类型是A→R→M/M→Rr→A,时效2 h后两种合金加热/冷却相变类型是A→R→M/M→A。     

固溶时效处理对Ti-55.06%Ni-0.3%Cr合金组织和性能的影响（英文）

通过拉伸试验、动态力学分析(DAM)和球差电镜研究固溶时效处理对Ti-55.06%Ni-0.3%Cr(摩尔分数)合金的显微组织、力学性能和内耗性能的影响。结果表明:析出Cr3Ni2相粒子的时效态合金的抗拉强度和硬度总大于无Cr3Ni2析出的固溶态合金,时效峰温度为375°C。固溶态和375°C时效合金的内耗峰值(tanδ)均随频率的增加而降低,降温过程出现奥氏体(B2)→预马氏体相(R)和R→马氏体(M)两个相变内耗峰;升温过程中由于R和M相变的叠加,两种状态合金均只出现一个M→B2相变内耗峰。此外,由375°C时效态合金析出的Cr3Ni2相粒子导致的基体中Cr、Ni含量降低,晶格畸变程度减弱,相变阻力减小,使得375°C时效态合金的内耗峰峰温向高温方向移动。     

粉末冶金Ni56Fe19Al25合金的相态与超弹性行为

用粉末冶金技术制备Ni56Fe19Al25合金,将Ni、Fe、Al的元素粉与预合金粉等量混合后在500 MPa下压制成形,于1280 ℃温度烧结后进行热处理,对合金烧结态和淬火态进行X射线衍射(XRD)分析及力学性能检测。结果表明：粉末冶金技术制备的Ni56Fe19Al25合金烧结态为(β+γ)双相组织,淬火态处于(β′+γ)双相区。Ni56Fe19Al25合金淬火态在应力作用下呈现出良好的线性超弹性,抗拉强度达850 MPa,最高弹性变形量大于4.5%,断裂前总变形量达到9.2%。     

时效对富镍Ti-50.7at%Ni形状记忆合金马氏体多步相变行为的影响

采用DSC(差示扫描量热法)热循环研究了Ti-50.7at%Ni形状记忆合金经时效处理后马氏体多步相变演化行为和相变机制。结果表明:合金在250、400、550℃时效1 h水冷后,相变为B2→R,R→M1(沉淀相附近)和R→M2(母相附近)三阶段相变;700℃时效后,相变为B2→M一阶段相变。400℃时效时合金析出的沉淀相Ti3Ni4最多,使Ms(B2→M的起始温度)升至32℃,Af(M→B2的终了温度)升至50℃,马氏体相变温度是由沉淀相Ti3Ni4的析出速率和组织的回复进程共同决定的。     

Fe-20Mn-5Al-8Cr-1.9C合金中Al的作用

利用X射线衍射仪、电子探针、透射电镜对Fe Mn Al(Cr) C系合金在 112 0℃固溶处理、不同温度时效后的组织进行了研究。结果表明 ,Al在固溶处理和时效后都均匀分布在固溶体中 ,并可以增加Fe Mn Al(Cr) C系合金时效时奥氏体基体和碳化物的稳定性 ,使Fe Mn Al(Cr) C系合金形成有序固溶体的温度升高。     

热处理对SLM成形的Inconel 718合金组织的影响

研究了固溶+双级时效处理对激光选区熔化(SLM)工艺制备的Inconel 718高温合金微观组织形态和析出相的影响。结果表明,SLM沉积态合金为椭圆状晶组织,其由细小柱状晶组成。沉积态合金经固溶处理后转变成等轴细晶组织,且随固溶温度升高,晶粒尺寸增大。经固溶+双级时效处理后,合金会在晶界和晶内析出多种析出相,在940~1 020℃固溶过程中晶界析出短棒状δ相(Ni3Nb),在620~720℃时效过程中晶内析出针状δ、圆盘状γ″(Ni3Nb)和黑点状γ′相(Ni3Al,Ti)。     

热处理对激冷Ti-50Ni合金薄带相变和形状记忆行为的影响

用甩带法制备了Ti-50Ni形状记忆合金薄带,用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜、示差扫描量热仪和弯曲试验研究了Ti-50Ni合金薄带的相组成、显微组织、相变行为和形状记忆效应。结果表明,铸态和400~600℃退火态Ti-50Ni合金薄带的显微组织形态呈树枝状,由马氏体相B19'和母相B2组成,加热/冷却过程中发生A→R→M/M→R→A(A-母相,R-R相,M-马氏体)二阶可逆相变。随退火温度升高,Ti-50Ni合金薄带的相组成和显微组织形态变化不大;马氏体逆相变温度T_A、R正相变温度T_R、R逆相变温度T_(Rr)和马氏体相变热滞ΔT_M升高,马氏体正相变温度T_M下降,R相变热滞ΔT_R缓慢降低;M逆相变峰向高温移动,逐渐与R逆相变峰合并。铸态和退火态Ti-50Ni合金薄带皆具有良好的形状记忆效应。     

固溶温度对铸造waspaloy合金组织的影响

研究了4种固溶温度:1000、1040和1080和1120℃×4 h,AC(空冷)+双时效(845℃×24 h/AC+760℃×16 h/AC)热处理制度对铸造waspaloy合金组织的影响。结果表明,铸态waspaloy合金组织由γ基体、团状γ'相和MC碳化物组成。固溶处理后,铸态γ'相溶解到基体中,并随固溶温度升高,铸态γ'相含量逐渐减少。当固溶温度大于1080℃时,枝晶形貌消失,铸态γ'相完全溶解;在随后845℃稳定化处理过程中,均匀细小的二次γ'相开始析出,MC碳化物开始分解,并在晶界处析出不连续的粒状M23C6碳化物;经过760℃时效处理后,更多均匀细小的二次γ'相析出并长大。最终确定铸造waspaloy合金的最佳固溶温度应大于1080℃,此时经时效后组织更加均匀一致。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.