油酸咪唑啉类缓蚀剂对不锈钢的缓蚀性能研究

利用静态失重法、Tafel极化曲线研究了油酸咪唑啉类缓蚀剂在不同酸介质中对不锈钢的缓蚀性能,并尝试了油酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂与KI的复配实验。结果表明,油酸咪唑啉类缓蚀剂在10%盐酸中和10%硫酸中对不锈钢有很好的缓蚀作用。在10%盐酸介质中,只需加入0.3%的油酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂,不锈钢材质的缓蚀率就能达到98%;在10%硫酸介质中,缓蚀率在油酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂添加量为0.5%时最大,达到94%。与KI的复配结果表明,咪唑啉与KI之间有一定的缓蚀协同效应,复合使用可以达到降低成本和保持高缓蚀率的作用。     

304不锈钢化学着黑色的研究

在INCO法的基础上,通过添加辅助成膜剂和添加剂对不锈钢化学着色液的配方进行改进,采用时间-电位差法控制着色过程,在304不锈钢表面得到了黑色膜(简称304黑钛板)。实验结果表明:304黑钛板具有良好的耐蚀性能、耐磨性能和加工性能。Tafel极化曲线表明:着色膜的形成提高了304不锈钢板的阳极极化作用以及电化学稳定性。SEM和EDS分析结果表明:黑色膜均匀、致密,主要由Fe,Cr,Ni,Mn,Ce,C,O,P等元素组成。此外,初步探讨了304不锈钢表面黑色膜的成膜机理。     

不锈钢表面涂覆TiO2薄膜的耐蚀性研究

以钛酸丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶技术,在不添加其他溶剂的情况下在201型不锈钢基体上制备了TiO2薄膜,采用金相显微镜观察薄膜表面形貌,利用X-射线衍射仪对其晶型进行了表征,同时测量了薄膜试样的极化曲线,实验结果表明:在不锈钢表面涂覆TiO2薄膜能够增强不锈钢基体的耐蚀性。     

不锈钢在衣康酸介质中的腐蚀行为

利用浸泡腐蚀试验和电化学测试方法研究了３种不锈钢在衣康酸水溶液介质中的腐蚀行为，考察了介质浓度和温度对材料腐蚀的影响。结果表明，在一定范围内，随衣康酸浓度提高或温度升高，不锈钢腐蚀速率也相应增大。在相同条件下，材料的耐蚀性依钢种不同而稍有差别。在衣康酸介质中，不锈钢的阳极极化曲线表现出活化—钝化—过钝化—二次纯化—二次过钝化特征，介质浓度、温度以及材料类型等因素均对其有一定影响。     

Electrochemical corrosion characteristics of type 316 stainless steel in simulated anode environment for PEMFC

The corrosion behavior of type 316 stainless steel in simulated anode environment for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), i.e., dilute hydrochloric acid solutions bubbled with pure hydrogen gas at 80 °C, was investigated by using electrochemical measurement techniques. The main purpose is to offer some fundamental information for the use of stainless steels as bipolar plate material for PEMFC. Both polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements illustrate that 316 stainless steel cannot passivate spontaneously in the simulated environments. The absorbed (and/or adsorbed) hydrogen atoms from cathodic corrosion reactions on the steel surface may deteriorate the passivity and corrosion resistance. The oxidation of these hydrogen atoms gives rise to a second current peak in the anodic polarization curve, and the current increases with immersion time. EIS spectra also reveal that a porous corrosion product layer formed on the steel surface during the active dissolution in the test solutions. 316 stainless steel exhibits the similar corrosion behavior in sulfate ions containing dilute hydrochloric acid solution.     

彩色不锈钢生产工艺及其耐蚀性的研究

采用添加了ＣＳ－１添加剂的常规的不锈钢着色液可以生产出彩色不锈钢。所获彩色膜除包括在常规的着色液中可获得的颜色外，还能着出茶色、咖啡色、古铜色等颜色。通过动电位扫描极化曲线等的测量和分析，研究了所得着色膜的耐蚀性能，并解释着色膜经硬化处理后，耐蚀性得到提高的原因。     

Numerical and experimental study of the effect of gas evolution in electrolytic pickling

As part of a progressive approach to model the electrolytic pickling process, this paper focuses on the important aspect of hydrogen and oxygen gas evolution on the electrodes and on the steel strip being pickled. The system considered consists of type 316 stainless steel pickled in aqueous sodium sulphate, with lead anodes and stainless steel cathodes. The mathematical model is two-dimensional steady-state, and includes the differential equations describing the effect of migration, giving the potential and current fields, and the Tafel kinetic rate expressions for hydrogen and oxygen gas generation. Experiments were conducted to obtain a better understanding of the process and for model validation. Good agreement between the experimental measurements of the global current efficiency and the model predictions was obtained.     

电解清除氧化皮的304不锈钢盘条耐蚀性的电化学评价

研究了电解清洗黑色和蓝黑色氧化皮304不锈钢盘条在盐酸和氯化钠介质中的耐蚀性能。动电位极化曲线方法测试了清洗后盘条的耐点蚀性能;恒电位充电曲线研究了不锈钢盘条的时间有效性。结果表明,电解清洗后不锈钢具有良好的耐蚀性。表面电子能谱测试表明清洗后不锈钢表面有显著的Mn元素富集,并探讨了Mn元素富集对耐蚀性的影响。     

炼厂循环水中不锈钢孔蚀电位的影响因素分析

通过对某炼厂生产装置中腐蚀较为严重的不锈钢换热设备进行调研、分析,确定该换热设备腐蚀失效的主要原因是由于循环冷却水垢下腐蚀造成的不锈钢点蚀穿孔。选取几种典型的不锈钢材料,模拟出循环水在换热设备的现场腐蚀环境,利用动电位极化的方法测定及对比其各自的点蚀电位,对上面所选取的材料通过改变腐蚀介质的氯离子浓度、pH值等几个主要影响因素,进而在同条件下对各种因素对不锈钢点蚀的影响进行评价。     

Corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steels as a function of pH for use as bipolar plates in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Stainless steels (types 304 and 310S) were employed as bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. For the cell operation, the decayed cell voltage was approximately 22 mV for the type 310S stainless steel after 1000 h operation, while that for type 304 stainless steel was about 46 mV. Corrosion products appeared on the cathode side bipolar plate for the type 304 stainless steel, while trace of corrosion was barely detected for type 310S stainless steel. In order to follow the pH on the bipolar plates during fuel cell operation, polarization tests were carried out for the type 310S stainless steel in synthetic solutions (0.05 M SO₄²⁻ (pH 1.2-5.5) + 2 ppm F⁻) as a function of pH (1.2-5.5) at 353 K. We also examined the contact resistance between the stainless steel and carbon diffusion layer before and after polarization. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analyses were carried out for comparison of the surface states of the steels after the polarization tests and cell operation. In the synthetic solutions with lower pHs (≤3.3), the films were thinner and were mainly composed by enriched with chromium oxide. Whereas, they mainly consisted of relatively thick iron oxide when the solution pH was higher (≥4.3). XPS analyses for the bipolar plate of type 310S stainless steel on cathode side after cell operation demonstrated pH gradient on the plate, that is, the thicker iron-rich surfaces presented relatively higher pH from the gas inlet to center area, and the thinner chromium-rich surface appeared with lower pH around the gas outlet.     

2205双相不锈钢在醋酸环境下的点蚀行为研究

2205双相不锈钢由于其具有良好的力学性能,耐腐蚀性能被广泛地应用石油化工设备和管道用材料和选材设计中。本文主要利用电化学极化曲线及交流阻抗技术研究了22Cr双相不锈钢在醋酸以及氯离子条件下耐点蚀行为。结果表明,22Cr双相不锈钢在醋酸环境下有良好的耐腐蚀性能,由于氯离子的存在,增大了该材料的腐蚀倾向,同时也进一步加大了发生点蚀的几率。     

Silybum marianum extract as a natural source inhibitor for 304 stainless steel corrosion in 1.0 M HCl

The use of Silybum marianum leaves extract as a 304 stainless steel corrosion inhibitor in 1.0 M HCl solution was investigated by weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. Potentiodynamic polarization curves indicated that S. marianum extract behaves as mixed-type inhibitor. The adsorption of the extract constituents was further discussed in view of Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The effect of temperature on the inhibition efficiency was studied. Quantum chemical parameters were also calculated, which provided reasonable theoretical explanation for the adsorption and inhibition behavior of S. marianum extract on the 304 stainless steel.     

Comparative investigation of stainless steels used in drinking water distribution systems

Five stainless steel alloys were tested and compared to find a test method for the qualification of stainless steel used in drinking water systems. Determination of the pitting/critical potentials from the conventional cyclic polarization results was shown to be difficult when stainless steels have high Mo and Cr content. The electrochemical impedance data indicated that results received with the conventional methods do not necessarily reflect the steady state. The low frequency time constant determined from the impedance measurements showed that the anodic polarization should be conducted with very slow scan rate to get information about the mechanism. The steady state investigations were compared with the conventional electrochemical results to propose an electrochemical-based route as a standard qualification method. The qualification method was tested to be valid by a European round-robin-test.     

再生水用于循环冷却系统时不锈钢腐蚀的研究

采用电化学测试方法研究了再生水用于循环冷却水时对不锈钢腐蚀特性的影响,通过测定弱极化区极化曲线、交流阻抗谱(EIS)和点蚀电位对比分析了TJH-3型缓蚀阻垢剂的缓蚀效果并阐述了其缓蚀原理。研究表明,不加缓蚀阻垢剂不锈钢腐蚀初期钝化膜逐渐发展并于约12 h达到稳定,稳定后平均腐蚀速率极低(约为0.000 15mm/a),但具有较大点蚀倾向。加入TJH-3型缓蚀阻垢剂后钝化膜增长明显增快,膜电阻增大,点蚀倾向显著降低。同时,点蚀电位测试结果表明此复配药剂中各组分对于不锈钢点蚀抑制具有协同作用。     

管内阴极保护的数值模拟(Ⅰ)——阴极保护下不锈钢细管内电位分布

对传统的管内阴极保护电位分布计算方法进行改进，以原位测得的极化曲线为依据，对阴极保护条件下不锈钢管内电位分布进行数值模拟。结果表明，其理论值与实测值符合较好，而且能够预测分散能力随时间的变化。     

铁和碳钢在浓碱溶液中的阳极极化曲线

通过极化曲线测量方法研究铁和碳钢在不同浓度的KOH浓碱溶液中的阳极极化行为,结果表明铁和碳钢在浓碱溶液中表现出典型的活化-钝化金属特性.     

金属陶瓷涂层耐蚀性能研究

采用溶胶－凝胶浸渍提拉法在不锈钢、纯铜及铝合金基体上制备具有保护性的ＳｉＯ２、ＺｒＯ２、ＴｉＯ２、Ａｌ２Ｏ３及ＳｉＯ２－ＴｉＯ２陶瓷涂层,利用阳极极化曲线的、循环动电位极曲线、点蚀电位的测量以及三氯化铁和５％硫酸介质中的腐蚀试验研究了所得陶瓷涂层的耐蚀性。结果表明,这些陶瓷涂层能大幅芳提高金属基体在各种腐蚀介的耐蚀性。     

The passivity of AISI 316L stainless steel in 0.05 M H2SO4

The passivity of AISI 316L stainless steel (AISI 316L) in 0.05 M H₂SO₄, in the steady-state condition, has been explored using various electrochemical techniques, including potentiostatic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Mott–Schottky analysis. Based on the Mott–Schottky analysis in conjunction with the point defect model (PDM), it was shown that the calculated donor density decreases exponentially with increasing passive film formation potential. The thickness of the barrier layer was increased linearly with the film formation potential. These observations were consistent with the predictions of the PDM, noting that the point defects within the barrier layer of the passive film are metal interstitials, oxygen vacancies, or both. Also no evidence for p-type behavior was obtained, indicating that cation vacancies do not have any significant population density in the passive film.     

Electrochemical deposition and characterization of polyaniline-graphene nanocomposite films and its corrosion protection properties

Polyaniline and polyaniline-graphene nanocomposite films were electrochemically deposited by cyclic voltammetry on 310 stainless steel electrode. The corrosion resistance of polyaniline and polyaniline-graphene nanocomposite covered 310 stainless steel substrates was estimated using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques in 5000 ppm NaCl aqueous solution at room temperature. Potentiodynamic polarization results show, which corrosion potentials shift to anodic regions in the presence of polyaniline-graphene nanocomposite compared to the pure aniline film. The electrochemical measurements also indicated that the inhibition efficiency for polyaniline-graphene nanocomposite and polyaniline are about 97 % and 73 %, respectively.     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(aniline) and poly(o-anisidine) films in sulphamic acid solution and their anticorrosion properties

Poly(o-anisidine) (POA) and polyaniline (PANI) coatings were synthesized on platinum (Pt) surface and stainless steel (SS) in monomer containing 0.50 M sulphamic acid (SA) solution by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. Meanwhile, poly(o-anisidine) film was also deposited with a different scan rate on SS electrode. The behaviour of PANI and POA films obtained on stainless steel examined by CV was different from the one obtained for PANI and POA on Pt electrode. The corrosion performances of PANI and POA coatings in 3.5% NaCl solution were investigated with anodic polarization technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EIS measurements verified the effect of monomers and that of scan rate on corrosion inhibition of coatings on SS electrode. The results showed that POA film synthesized at low scan rate exhibited an effective anticorrosive property on SS electrode. POA synthesized at low scan rate and PANI coatings provided a remarkable anodic protection to SS substrate for longer exposure time than the one observed for POA coating produced at high scan rate as well as that of bare SS electrode.