高粘度重油在劳斯炉（Loos）上的应用

在劳斯炉供油系统中，采用双电能重油加热器，根据重油标号将油温控制在100－140℃之间，有效地降低了重油的粘度，保证了劳斯炉点火及焰烧稳定。     

旋流式重油电加热器在有色冶金燃油窑炉的应用

旋流式重油电加热器在有色冶金燃油窑炉的应用北京有色冶金设计研究总院欧阳兆祯１重油燃烧前宜用旋流式重油电加热器进行二次加热１．１重油特性有色冶金企业常用重油作燃料。随着石油综合利用技术的发展，作为燃料用重油的粘度，随着分子量的增加而提高，还有部分冶炼厂...     

RYJ型重油电加热器在我厂的应用

本文介绍了沈阳冶炼厂引进RYJ型重油电加热器的选择、安装及使用过程。解决了生产中重油温度低,油粘而影响生产的问题。几年的实践证明,RYJ型重油电加热器已成为保证生产的重要设备。     

超声波重油喷嘴雾化特性的研究

介绍了一种新型流体动力式超声波重油雾化喷嘴。为了研究其雾化特性,以压缩空气和水为介质,利用激光粒度分析仪对超声波重油雾化喷嘴的雾化特性进行了详细的研究,分析了该型喷嘴的工作特点,研究了不同供气压力、供水压力和气液比(ALR)对喷嘴雾化性能的影响,同时也分析了粒径沿程变化情况。研究表明:流体动力式超声波重油雾化喷嘴雾化索太尔平均粒径非常小,为10～20μm,具有较好的应用前景。     

烟气-电两组合式重油加热器的研究与应用

叙述了烟气-电两组合式重油加热器的设计思路及安装过程，对使用中出现的问题进行了分析，提出了解决措施，对其经济效益做出了评价。     

文氏混合增压泵式重油燃烧节能设备的研究

介绍了一种简便实用的重油乳化设备的研究设计情况。研究表明：在正常的燃烧重油喷嘴前的油路中安装一台增压乳化泵，再配以相应的给水管，就可把作为燃料的重油制成均匀稳定且内相粒径极小的Ｗ／Ｏ型乳化油，再喷射到炉中充分燃烧，达到既节约能源，又保护环境的效果。     

WDH型气泡雾化喷嘴的流量特性研究

WDH型气泡雾化柴油、重油、渣油及奥里油燃烧器已在各行业的工业炉窑上得到了广泛的应用。本文对WDH型气泡雾化喷嘴的流量特性进行了实验研究，此项研究结果对进一步开发WDH型气泡雾化喷嘴的应用领域将发挥重要的作用。     

重油电加热器的设计与使用

一、问题的提出我厂二轧车间加热炉的燃料是重油。为确保炉温正常,并达到节约燃料的目的,必须使重油按要求完全燃烧。为此,不管用什么型式的喷嘴,都必须使重油很好地雾化才能达到目的。任何一种型式喷嘴使重油雾化,都是由外力对油的内力起作用的结果。     

JD超节能型重油加热器

JD系列超节能型重油加热器是北京嘉德利信公司经过多年研究探索开发出的新型节能专有技术,它具有构思巧妙、结构简单、性能可靠、节能效果显著的特点,是目前国内最先进的重油加热设备。 1.特点 对于高粘度重渣油的加热,常规方法多     

一种节约燃油的方法

本发明是燃油燃烧方法的改进,特别是重油燃烧方法的改进。以重油为燃料的主要燃烧过程是重油在喷嘴处经过一次风、二次风被喷射到燃烧室内进行燃烧。为提高燃烧温度,通常作法是加大风量、油量。但在高炉温状态下,容易产生大量黑烟,而且升温慢。本发明就是提供一种在高炉温状态下,使重油     

Sequences in the ligand-binding domains of the human androgen and progesterone receptors which determine their distinct ligand identities

A cross-sectional survey was undertaken to describe risk-taking behaviors and to assess the knowledge and risk perception of HIV and AIDS among young males aged 18 to 29 years in 82 villages in Longchuan, Yunnan, China, in 1994. Information on demographic, behavioral, and drug-using factors, and knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention, and risk perception was collected using an interviewer-administered anonymous questionnaire. A total of 1,548 individuals were interviewed and 433 drug users, including 52 nonsharing injectors and 140 sharing injectors, were identified. Over half the individuals scored 0 on HIV knowledge, but knowledge was greater among nonsharing drug injectors. Most drug injectors had initiated drug injection after 1990. The reported incidence continues to increase in all three major ethnic groups. Sharing of equipment was common (73%) among injectors. Drug users were four times more likely to have had premarital or extramarital sex, but condoms were used by only 2.5%. Thus, factors promoting spreading of HIV are common in this area. We recommend that a community-based intervention program, targeting both young men and women, be implemented and evaluated in Longchuan as soon as possible.     

Drug scene roles and HIV risk

AIMS: Drug scenes (social and spatial drug-using and drug-selling environments) have complex role structures. Many drug injectors earn money or drugs as drug or syringe sellers, hit doctors (people who help others to inject) commercial sex workers, or in other roles. This paper aims to measure "role behaviors" of drug injectors; describe which drug injectors are more likely to engage in such role behaviors; and to determine whether roles are related to elements of HIV risk. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of drug injectors. SETTING: Bushwick, a section of Brooklyn, New York, a major location for injection drug use and drug sales. PARTICIPANTS: Seven hundred and sixty-seven street-recruited drug injectors. MEASUREMENTS: Participants were interviewed about their roles, behaviors, socio-demographics and risk networks; sera were collected and assayed for HIV and hepatitis B core antibody. FINDINGS: Socio-demographic variables are related to role-holding in complex ways. Economic need is generally associated with engaging in drug-scene role behaviors. Holders of these roles are at greater behavioral and network risk for HIV and other blood-borne infections than are other drug injectors. They also engage in extensive communication with other drug users, including discussion of HIV risk reduction. CONCLUSION: Role behaviors can be measured in quantitative studies, and seem to be related to HIV risk. Role-holders may be strategic targets for risk-reduction campaigns. It seems feasible and advisable to measure drug scene role-holding in research on drug users.     

Organizing drug injectors against AIDS: Preliminary data on behavioral outcomes.

Describes a project based on organizing drug injectors to change their subculture in ways that promote lower risk behaviors. Initial and follow-up interviews were conducted with 368 Ss. Findings indicate a decline in high-risk behaviors such as renting or borrowing used syringes and an increase in risk-reducing behaviors such as using new syringes and condoms. Almost half the Ss entered drug abuse treatment during the follow-up period; 60% taught others to use bleach to decontaminate injecting equipment. Risk reduction was greater among Ss who attended group meetings. Thus, organizing drug injectors is a feasible intervention that should be adopted elsewhere. Drug injectors can take on responsibility in combating AIDS. All evaluations of interventions should measure Ss' efforts to spread the message to others. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Long-term, low-level exposure of mice prone to mammary tumors to 435 MHz radiofrequency radiation

Six hundred and thirty four interviews of injecting drug users were performed between 1992 and 1994 as part of a study of injecting drug use and HIV prevalence in Edinburgh, Scotland. Amphetamine was injected by more subjects (44%) than any other drug. Preference for injection as the route of administration of amphetamine increased over the period despite no change in the popularity of the drug generally. Simultaneously, heroin use and injection declined. Analyses indicated that amphetamine injectors comprised two distinct sub-groups. The majority were polydrug injectors who injected frequently, had a longer injecting history and were more likely to share injection equipment. About one-fifth were stimulant-only injectors who injected infrequently, were relatively recent initiates to injecting and whose numbers increased over the 3 years. Drug treatment and prevention services may need to explore alternative methods to respond effectively to these emerging trends.     

Opiate users and the first years after treatment: outcome analysis of the proportion of follow up time spent in abstinence

This second report on a follow-up study of drug users focuses on changes that occurred on a number of variables between intake and follow-up and during the follow-up period. The length of abstinence from opiates was considered as a proportion of the total follow-up period. Overall there was a reduction in opiate use, in injecting and sharing equipment at follow-up. There had been, however, a high level of these risky activities during the follow-up period. Sustained abstinence from opiates was associated with increased employment, enhanced social stability and mental health. Intake drug use was strongly related to follow-up drug status. In particular, those who were injectors of multiple drugs at intake were far less likely to be long term opiate abstainers at follow-up than those who were not injectors at intake or injectors of opiates only.     

Fluid dynamics in channel reactors stirred by submerged gas injection

This work describes the fluid flow and associated local and longitudinal mixing phenomena which influence the behavior and characteristics of continuous flow reactors, such as the Noranda reactor and the Q-S process. In the present work, mixing in channel reactors agitated by submerged gas injection along the length has been studied using a water model. The effects of gas injector separation, gas flow rate, depth of water, lateral configuration of injectors, submersion depth of gas injectors, and width of the channel have been investigated. It has been found that the longitudinal mixing depended significantly on the locations of the gas injectors. For constant values of other variables, there existed an optimum injector separation at which maximum longitudinal mixing was found. Industrial applications of this study are described.     

Fluid dynamics in channel reactors stirred by submerged gas injection

This work describes the fluid flow and associated local and longitudinal mixing phenomena which influence the behavior and characteristics of continuous flow reactors, such as the Noranda reactor and the Q-S process. In the present work, mixing in channel reactors agitated by submerged gas injection along the length has been studied using a water model. The effects of gas injector separation, gas flow rate, depth of water, lateral configuration of injectors, submersion depth of gas injectors, and width of the channel have been investigated. It has been found that the longitudinal mixing depended significantly on the locations of the gas injectors. For constant values of other variables, there existed an optimum injector separation at which maximum longitudinal mixing was found. Industrial applications of this study are described.     

High rates of drug use, but low rates of HIV risk behaviours among injecting drug users during incarceration in Dutch prisons

AIMS: To determine levels of injecting drug use and sexual risk behaviours in injecting drug users during and immediately following imprisonment in The Netherlands. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional survey of drug injectors attending methadone clinics, a sexually transmitted disease clinic and a central research site in Amsterdam. The mean age of the 188 participants was 35 years, 78% were male and 34% had HIV antibodies. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported drug use and sexual behaviours during the last period of imprisonment in Dutch prisons within the previous 3 years and injecting drug use in the week following release from prison. FINDINGS: A period of imprisonment in the preceding 3 years was reported by 188 (41%) of 463 interviewed drug injectors. The mean duration of last imprisonment was 3.6 months. Any use of cannabis, heroin or cocaine during imprisonment was reported by 55%, 37% and 20%, respectively. Five injectors (3%) admitted to having injected in prison, but no sharing of needles and syringes was reported. Vaginal or anal sex was reported by two (1%) of the men and none of the women. Relapse to drug injecting during the week following release from prison was reported by 78/186 (42%) participants, in most cases (34%) at the very first day of release. Drug use behaviours during imprisonment were similar for those who were designated current injectors at the time of imprisonment and those who were not, but injecting in the first week following release from prison was far higher among 'current' injectors (63%) than among those who were not (11%). CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to findings from other countries, low levels of HIV risk behaviours occur among imprisoned drug injectors in The Netherlands. Intra-prison HIV preventive measures should be considered taking into account the nationally, regionally or locally varying conditions within the existing prisons.     

热轧酸洗钢表面麻坑缺陷控制研究

为提高热轧酸洗钢的表面质量,控制下游厂商反映的表面麻坑缺陷,结合现场生产跟踪及缺陷样品的微观形貌分析,得出带钢酸洗后的表面麻坑缺陷是热轧时三次氧化铁皮压入基体导致的。对于厚度偏薄宽度偏宽的极限规格而言,热轧过程中存在轧制温度过高、轧制计划编排不合理以及轧辊表面氧化膜剥落等问题。因此,本文根据轧制规格设计了轧制温度的目标值及控制范围,编排了极限规格在每个轧制单位的位置以及集中轧制的最多块数,提出了通过限制轧辊使用次数、优化冷却水和轧制油的使用、合理分配轧制负荷来保护轧辊氧化膜的措施,为满足下游厂商的需求及酸洗钢市场拓展创造了有利条件。     

The platelet, the patient, and periprocedural infarction during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Foldable lenses represent a major breakthrough in the effort to achieve ever smaller incisions. The plate-haptic or "taco-style" lenses are folded and implanted by a device called an injector. Although customized for each manufacturer's lens, the injectors all have a common design principle: the intraocular lens (IOL) is folded within a funnel-like structure of the tip and is advanced by a plunger that pushes and delivers the lens. To maintain optimal hand stabilization and injector management, both hands are usually required. This does not leave a hand to help with IOL positioning. To improve handling, a simple, mechanized system has been created for a new injector system that allows the delivery of the plate-haptic lens with one hand, in a pen-like fashion.