SDUV-FEL装置上利用电光频谱解码法测量束团长度实验设计与仿真

电子束团纵向长度是束流诊断中的重要参数,电光频谱解码法(Electro-Optical Spectral Decoding,EOSD)是为数不多的可进行单发测量的高时间分辨率测量方法。本文基于上海深紫外自由电子激光装置(Shanghai Deep Ultraviolet Free Electron Laser,SDUV-FEL)设计了一套电光频谱解码法测量束团长度实验方案。通过采用针尖粗同步和可调的光栅展宽器可实现长度在1-10 ps内变化的束团无损测量。通过对电光调制过程及其后探测的仿真研究表明,选用0.5 mm厚的Zn Te晶体在距离束流中心3-5 mm处测量时,时间分辨率最高可达180 fs(Root Mean Square,RMS),信号展宽在3%以内,测量的电场形状无可观测畸变,满足SDUV-FEL的实验需求。     

自由电子激光装置数字化束流位置信号处理器研制及应用

针对自由电子激光装置(Free Electron Laser,FEL)对束流位置测量的需求,研制了可同时用于条带束流位置检测器(Stripline Beam Position Monitor,SBPM)和腔式束流位置检测器(Cavity Beam Position Monitor,CBPM)信号处理的数字化束流位置信号处理器(Digital Beam Position Measurement processor,DBPM)。该处理器为一体化的嵌入式结构,以现场可编程逻辑门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)为系统核心,采用分布式的实验物理及工业控制系统(Experiment Physics and Industrial Control System,EPICS)进行远程数据交互。处理器对SBPM和CBPM系统的测试分辨率在0.5 n C流强时分别达到4μm和0.4μm,达到设计指标,成功应用于大连相干光源(Dalian Coherent Light Source,DCLS),并将应用于上海软X射线自由电子激光装置(Shanghai X-ray Free Electron Laser,SXFEL),是国内首台自主研制成功并实现工程应用的DBPM处理器。     

基于腔式探头的高分辨率束团电荷量测量方法研究

束团电荷量是粒子束流最基本的特征参数,精确的电荷量测量和控制对于装置的运行以及束损的监测和安全联锁具有非常重要的作用.上海软X射线自由电子激光装置(Shanghai Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser Device,SXFEL)中加入了电荷量反馈环路,以期实现束团电荷量的精确控制并满足单束团实...     

高亮度电子束相空间重建技术的实验研究

束团相空间是描述加速器中束流运行状态的重要参数,了解相空间的真实分布对于加速器设计、束团操纵具有非常重要的意义,利用相空间重建技术能够直观地得到束团二维相空间分布。本文结合计算机断层扫描技术(Computer Tomography,CT)与归一化相空间理论,在理论推导和模拟验证的基础上,分别利用MENT(Maximum Entropy)算法和FBP(Filtered Back Projection)算法在上海X射线自由电子激光装置(Shanghai Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser facility,SXFEL)专用束测段(BI1)对电子束团的横向归一化相空间进行重建。通过重建算法变换得到电子束团的真实相空间分布,并对重建结果进行对比和误差分析。实验结果表明,MENT算法能够精确测量电子束团横向相空间分布。     

基于SXFEL的新型LCS光源极化γ束流性质研究

逆康普顿散射作为一种光子加速机制,近年来获得了更多的关注和应用;在180°碰撞模式下(即背散射模式(Back Compton Scattering,BCS)),通过入射激光的极化,能够获得接近100%极化的γ光源,对于开展极化相关的物理研究具有重要意义。本文通过数值模拟方法研究了基于上海软X射线自由电子激光装置(Soft Xray Free Electron Laser,SXFEL)的激光康普顿散射(Laser Compton Scattering,LCS)γ光源的束流性质。结果显示:基于SXFEL的LCS光源将具有高能量、高通量、高极化度和准单能等特性。通过调节电子能量和激光器的波长,γ能量范围可达到1～80 MeV,结合准直器γ能量分辨率可达到≤4%,γ极化度约为100%,不同极化性质的激光会影响γ束斑的形状。     

上海软X射线自由电子激光腔式束流位置测量系统

上海软X射线自由电子激光装置（Shanghai Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser, SXFEL）需1个分辨率达到亚μm量级的束流位置测量系统,并采用基于束流准直的方法实现波荡器段电子束与光子束的紧密重合。为此设计研制了1个由C波段腔式探头、单路混频至低中频的射频前端以及自主研发的专用数字信号束流位置处理器（digital beam position monitor processor, DBPM）构成的腔式束流位置测量（cavity beam position monitor, CBPM）系统。本文对系统的设计、软硬件结构、系统搭建进行了介绍,并基于漂移段搭建的3个紧邻的CBPM阵列完成了在线系统性能评估。束流实验结果表明,在束团电荷量为500 pC、系统动态范围在±800 μm的条件下,位置分辨率可达880 nm,这也是国内首次研制成功可在线运行的具有亚μm位置分辨率的CBPM系统。此外,采用CBPM的相位腔进行相对束团电荷量、束团到达时间的测量,其性能评估结果也均优于SXFEL设计要求。     

低发射度C波段光阴极微波电子枪设计与优化

自由电子激光(Free Electron Laser,FEL)对电子束的发射度有极高的要求.近年来,可产生短电子束团并且具有高亮度性质的电子枪,是研发高性能FEL的核心部分,也是重要挑战与研究热点.一个很有前景的方向是提高微波电子枪(RF电子枪)内的加速梯度.提高现有电子枪的梯度,需要对电子枪微波场的优化、螺线管的设计...     

基于fresh-slice的全相干X射线自由电子激光飞秒脉冲产生原理

X射线自由电子激光(Free-Electron Laser,FEL),尤其是全相干飞秒FEL脉冲,在众多领域都有应用.依托上海软X射线自由电子激光用户装置(Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser User Facility,SXFEL-UF),提出了一种基于fresh-slice...     

基于高精度脉冲发生器的定时系统设计

为满足自由电子激光装置的正常运行需求,需要向加速器设备提供精确的定时触发信号。依据上海软X射线自由电子激光装置(Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility,SXFEL)的物理需求和系统分配,基于高精度脉冲发生器,结合具有联锁接口的光电转换器,实现了SXFEL定时系统的硬件设计。系统的软件部分使用实验物理与工业控制系统(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control Systems,EPICS)完成基于网络的分布式远程控制。通过在线测试,该系统运行稳定可靠,抖动时间小于150 ps,满足加速器对定时系统的要求。     

一种波荡器段间四极铁支撑平台的机械稳定性

自由电子激光(Free Electron Laser,FEL)是一种以相对论高品质电子束作为工作介质,在周期磁场中以受激发射方式放大电磁辐射的新型激光源。束流稳定性的好坏是影响FEL性能的关键指标。波荡器段关键元件运行过程中的位置稳定性是影响束流位置稳定性的关键因素之一,其中上海软X射线自由电子激光(Soft X-ray FEL,SXFEL)和大连极紫外相干光源(Dalian Coherent Light Source,DCLS)科学研究装置中波荡器段间四极铁的位置稳定性要求较高。波荡器段间四极铁支撑平台为四极铁等关键元件提供支撑、定位及位置调节,从而间接地要求其具有高的稳定性。本文通过对一种平台的支撑方式进行模态和地基随机振动响应的有限元分析和测试,得到平台的结构动态特性,并进行稳定性分析,为段间平台的工程设计提供理论依据。     

Cavity Beam Position Monitor System for Shanghai Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser

Shanghai Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser (SXFEL) requires a beam position monitor system with resolution of sub-micron, so the beam based alignment (BBA) method to achieve close coincidence of the electron beam and the photon beam in the undulator section can be used. A cavity beam position monitor (CBPM) system consisting of a C-band cavity probe, a RF front-end and a dedicated digital beam position monitor processor (DBPM) was developed. The system design, hardware and software structure, and system construction were introduced in this paper. Based on the three adjacent CBPM systems in the drift section, the online system performance evaluation was completed. And the experiment results show that the position resolution of 880 nm is obtained under the condition of the bunch charge of 500 pC and the dynamic range of the system of ±800 μm. This is also the first CBPM system with submicron position resolution that can be run online in China. In addition, the phase cavity of CBPM was used to measure the relative charge and the arrival time of the bunch. The evaluation results show that the performance is better than the design requirements of SXFEL.     

Characteristics of coherent diffraction terahertz radiation at SDUV-FEL

1IntroductionTheterahertzradiationregimeoftheelectro-magneticwavespectrumisnotwellcoveredbyin-tensesourcesexceptforfewFELfacilities.Abright-nessfarexceedingthatfromablackbodyorsynchro-tronradiationsourcecanbeprovidedbyutilizingfemtosecondelectronbunches.Itcanbeusedforbasicandappliedresearchinmanyfields,suchasmaterialscience,high-Tcmaterials,polymerdynamicsandstructure,biologicalmolecules,phononandsurfacephysics,metrologystandards,etc.[1]Coherentdiffractionradiationisgeneratedbyrelativisticfe…     

基于ARM与FPGA的运动控制平台研究

介绍了基于ARM与FPGA的实时束流截面测量的嵌入式平台,讨论了电机控制器子系统的硬件接口设计,通过ARM的外围总线实现了ARM与FPGA的接口,并采用Linux操作系统对FPGA设备进行驱动开发。自主开发的硬件接口板用于测试ARM与FPGA实现方案以及整机集成后的硬件性能。实验测试表明,硬件接口板能有效实现电动控制,原运动控制器定位精度为1μm,现平台定位精度达2μm,数量级上满足要求,可用于后续FEL设备升级。     

SFEL束流偏转传输系统的设计

上海宽波段自由激光用户装置正在中国科学院上海原子核研究所ＦＥＬ实验室设计建造。这里介绍了两个典型偏转系统的设计考虑，并讨论了设计结果。     

Bunch-by-bunch longitudinal phase monitor at SSRF

Beam signals captured from a button-type pickup contain multidimensional information including the bunch charge,transverse position,bunch length,and longitudinal phase.A bunch phase monitor,which retrieves longitudinal phase information from a pickup signal at a bunch-by-bunch rate,has been developed at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.This paper introduces the basic principles,system setup,data processing method,and preliminary experimental results of this system.The systematic measurement error introduced by the limited system bandwidth,bunch length,and bunch charge variation was studied using simulation data.The random measurement uncertainty was evaluated using experimental beam data.The experimental result shows that the longitudinal phase resolution of this system is better than 1.0 ps.The first application,measuring the relationship between the longitudinal phase and bunch charge to determine the energy loss factor,was implemented,and the preliminary result is also discussed.     

Development of readout electronics for bunch arrival-time monitor system at SXFEL

A bunch arrival-time monitor(BAM) system,based on electro-optical intensity modulation scheme, is under study at Shanghai Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser.The aim of the study is to achieve high-precision time measurement for minimizing bunch fluctuations. A readout electronics is developed to fulfill the requirements of the BAM system. The readout electronics is mainly composed of a signal conditioning circuit, field-programmable gate array(FPGA), mezzanine card(FMC150), and powerful FPGA carrier board. The signal conditioning circuit converts the laser pulses into electrical pulse signals using a photodiode. Thereafter, it performs splitting and low-noise amplification to achieve the best voltage sampling performance of the dual-channel analog-to-digital converter(ADC) in FMC150. The FMC150 ADC daughter card includes a 14-bit 250 Msps dual-channel high-speed ADC,a clock configuration, and a management module. The powerful FPGA carrier board is a commercial high-performance Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA evaluation board. To achieve clock and data alignment for ADC data capture at a high sampling rate, we used ISERDES, IDELAY, and dedicated carry-in resources in the Kintex-7 FPGA. This paper presents a detailed development of the readout electronics in the BAM system and its performance.     

一种波荡器段间四极铁远程精密调节机构的研制

自由电子激光(Free Electron Laser,FEL)装置是一种以相对论高品质电子束作为工作介质,在周期磁场中以受激发射方式放大电磁辐射的新型激光源。FEL装置中的四极铁中心相对于束流中心线的高精度就位与否将直接影响束流的品质,上海软X射线自由电子激光装置和大连极紫外相干光源装置的波荡器段间四极铁均采用基于束流准直方法(Beam based alignment,BBA),需要可远程精密调节四极铁位置的机构。BBA四极铁远程精密调节机构主要由可远程精密定位的电移机构和控制系统构成。电移机构采用精密滚珠丝杠驱动的滑块组合机构,可实现垂直于束流的水平和竖直高度方向的二维调节。本文简单描述了BBA四极铁远程精密调节机构的机械设计,对BBA四极铁远程精密调节机构的测试方法及结果进行了详细分析。该系统集成测试结果表明,机构运动过程中采用光栅尺进行反馈,其定位精度和重复性均达到了设计指标要求。     

基于射频偏转腔的束团长度测量系统

本文建立了基于偏转腔的电子束团长度测量系统的模型,揭示了束流和偏转腔参数对测量结果的影响机制,给出了一种束团长度的计算方法。用三维仿真软件CST对腔体建模,得到了最优的单腔腔体尺寸、最优的耦合器尺寸和工作模式场分布,对应的偏转腔系统时间分辨率为182 fs,满足设计要求。用粒子跟踪软件Parmela进行束流动力学模拟,阐明了下游荧光屏上出现束团横向偏移的原因,并验证了理论结果的正确性。