AZ91D镁合金的压缩形变组织及半固态等温组织演变

研究了AZ91D镁合金在应变诱发熔化激活（SIMA）处理过程中变形量对形变组织的影响以及半固态等温组织的演变,并对半固态组织球状化演变机理进行了分析。结果表明,合金在350℃变形时,随着形变量的增加,合金的原始组织由树枝晶演变为碎块晶,晶粒内存在位错、孪晶缺陷;在550℃等温处理时,随等温时间的延长,α相由树枝晶逐渐演变为团块状、多边形状,最后演变为球状晶,等温时间过长,晶粒会发生合并长大。     

AZ91D镁合金在半固态等温热处理中的组织演变

研究了未变质处理和变质处理的AZ91D镁合金在半固态等温热处理过程中的组织演变,并对其组织演变机理进行了探讨。结果表明：AZ91D镁合金在液－固相区570℃等温处理时,未变质处理的δ相由粗大的树枝晶演变为大块状,随后δ相发生熔化分离,并在半固态等温过程中演变为球状,产生相最小尺寸可达50－80μm;变质处理的初生δ相由等轴晶演变为小块状,随后进一步熔化分离为更细小的斑块,接着逐渐演变为球状组织,初生相最小尺寸可达20－60μm。等温处理时间过长时,两种组织都会发生合并长大。     

电磁搅拌下半固态AZ91D镁合金的组织形成

利用电磁搅拌装置、合金熔体淬火方法和EBSD位相显微分析技术,在不同的搅拌功率下,研究了电磁搅拌对半固态AZ91D镁合金微观组织的作用.结果表明,在电磁搅拌条件下凝固,AZ91D镁合金组织中的初生α-Mg得到明显细化,初生α-Mg转变为细小的蔷薇状或球状,EBSD检测表明这些球状初生α-Mg晶粒在空间上大多属于不同的晶粒;电磁搅拌功率是重要的制备参数,搅拌功率越大,半固态AZ91D镁合金组织中的蔷薇状初生α-Mg越少,而球状初生α-Mg越多,晶粒也越细小;在电磁搅拌条件下,AZ91D镁合金熔体的激烈流动导致了较为均匀的温度场和溶质场,也导致了更加剧烈的温度起伏,这些现象导致了半固态AZ91D镁合金组织的形成.     

低压脉冲电流下AZ91D镁合金半固态组织形成机理研究

在不同凝固阶段合金的半固态组织和脉冲电流热效应的实验研究基础上,探讨了低压脉冲电流下AZ91D镁合金半固态组织的形成机制。结果表明:在合金的液相线以下开始脉冲放电,二次枝晶臂分离需要较长的时间,一次枝晶臂难以球化;从合金的液相线以上开始脉冲放电,不会析出粗大的枝晶,二次枝晶臂分离比较容易。脉冲电流降低了半固态合金的冷却速度,同时造成了合金熔体强烈的温度起伏;随着脉冲电压的增加,半固态合金的冷却速度逐渐减小,熔体的瞬时平均温升逐渐增加。初始形核率的提高和二次枝晶臂的根部熔断是低压脉冲电流下球状或颗粒状初生α-Mg形成的重要机制。     

应变诱发AZ91D镁合金半固态组织形态及形成机理

采用应变诱发方法制备了AZ91D镁合金半固态材料。考察了变形率、温度、保温时间对固相体积分数、组织形态以及晶粒尺寸的影响。结果表明：在冷变形条件下.于570℃保温一定时间后。可制备出固相体积分数最小达55％的镁合金半固态材料。分析讨论了AZ91D镁合金半固态组织的形成机理。在热处理过程中，组织发生再结晶，而冷变形程度对再结晶的组织有显著影响。     

等温热处理工艺对AZ91D镁合金半固态组织演变和成形性的影响

研究了等温热处理温度和保温时间等工艺参数对AZ91D镁合金半固态组织演变和成形性的影响。结果表明 ,半固态等温热处理可以将普通金属型铸造的AZ91D镁合金锭中的枝晶组织转变为球形晶粒组织 ,其演变过程为 :在升温过程中晶界处部分γ相先发生溶解 ,随着温度的升高 ,剩余的γ相开始熔化 ,继而δ相也发生熔化 ,并在等温处理中逐渐演变为球状 ;保温温度越高 ,半固态重熔和δ相演变过程越快 ,保温温度过高或保温时间过长 ,试样易发生变形 ,同时 ,球状晶粒也容易趋于长大。AZ91D镁合金半固态成形所需的最佳工艺条件为加热温度 5 70℃左右 ,保温时间 2 5～ 35min ;或加热温度 5 80℃左右 ,保温时间 15～ 2 0min。     

AZ91镁合金的SIMA法半固态组织特征

研究了挤压态AZ91镁合金的SIMA法半固态组织演变.结果表明:挤压合金为以α-Mg再结晶等轴晶为主相,与极少量细粒状成串分布于α-Mg基体上的Mg17Al12颗粒组成的两相组织,基体中存在大量的大角度亚晶及高密度的位错缠结.在二次加热过程中,原子扩散通道多,晶界液化及颗粒球化所需的加热温度低,等温时间短.565℃等温5min,即可获得固相率为57%,颗粒平均直径为58 μm、形状圆整、分布均匀的半固态组织.等温5 min后,半固态颗粒发生长大,其长大机制为Ostwald熟化.     

AZ91D镁合金半固态铸轧工艺因素对组织的影响

在实验室半固态铸轧试验设备上进行了镁合金半固态铸轧试验,研究了AZ91D镁合金半固态铸轧组织的影响因素。结果表明,搅拌速度、铸轧温度对半固态镁合金组织有显著的影响。过快过慢的搅拌速度都不利于半固态组织的形成,试验表明搅拌速度300 r/min最佳;铸轧温度从高到低,固相率明显从小到大。     

半固态流变压铸AZ91D镁合金的组织与性能

采用自行研制的镁合金半固态流变压铸成形机组 ,研究了半固态制浆工艺与组织及性能之间的关系。结果表明 ,镁液浇注温度越高 ,制浆搅拌的剪切速率越高 ,或搅拌机的筒体温度越高 ,半固态非枝晶组织的固相率越低。所制备的AZ91D镁合金半固态组织细小、圆整 ,晶粒度为 3 0～ 5 0 μm ,半固态流变压铸试样的抗拉强度和伸长率比液态压铸试样有显著提高。     

半固态AZ91D镁合金的触变性

利用Couette型同轴双桶流变仪，对等温搅拌和重熔加热的半固态AZ91D镁合金浆料的触变性能进行了研究．实验结果表明：经过连续降温和等温搅拌，半固态浆料的表观粘度逐渐降低，并达到一个稳态值；此时，若停止搅拌剪切，并经过某一时段的等温静置，再次在某一剪切速率下搅拌时，半固态浆料的表观粘度会突然升高，然后再迅速降低，最后到达一个稳态值，呈现出典型的剪切变稀特性；延长静置时间、或增加固相分数、或降低剪切速率，再次剪切搅拌时，半固态浆料到达稳态表观粘度的时间随之增长，同时稳态表观粘度值也相应增大；重熔加热后的半固态浆料的稳态表观粘度比相同固相分数的等温搅拌的半固态浆料的稳态表观粘度低；随重熔加热保温时间的延长，半固态浆料的稳态表观粘度逐渐降低，当稳态表观粘度达到最低值后，随重熔加热保温时间的延长，稳态表观粘度又逐渐增大．     

Microstructure of electromagnetic stirred semi-solid AZ91D alloy

The microstructures of semi-solid AZ91D alloy stirred by rotationally electromagnetic field were studied.The shape of primary α-Mg phase is dendrite under conventional solidification condition and the primary α-Mg grains are changed to the fine rosette-like or granular grains under electromagnetic stirring condition. If the electromagnetic stirring frequencies are low, there are a large amount of fine rosette-like primary α-Mg grains and the fine rosettelike primary α-Mg grain in two dimensions belongs to a single grain in three dimensions; there are also many spherical primary α-Mg grains, they may belong to a single grain in three dimensions and the orientation differences of the grains between them are very small. If the electromagnetic stirring frequencies are high, a lot of the fine rosette-like primary α-Mg grains disappear and are converted into granular grains, and moreover, most of these granular grains belong to different grains in three dimensions.     

Reheating microstructure of refined AZ91D magnesium alloy in semi-solid state

By means of equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) test, upsetting test and metalloseope, reheating mierostruetures of raw casting ingots, materials prepared by SIMA and materials extruded by ECAE in semi-solid state were investigated. The results show that compared with those of raw casting ingots and materials prepared by SIMA, reheating microstrueture of materials extruded by ECAE is the best and the final grain size is the finest. With increasing holding time, a growing phenomenon occurs in reheating microstrueture of materials extruded by ECAE, which can be described by Ostwald ripening law. The average grain size increases firstly, subsequently decreases and the shape factor of grains approaches to 1 as the reheating temperature increases. With increasing equivalent strain, the average grain size decreases. This demonstrates that reheating material extruded by ECAE technology is a good method to prepare AZ91D magnesium alloy semi-solid billets.     

Study on a semi-solid rheo-diecasting process with AZ91D alloy slurry

In this paper, a rheo-diecasting process of AZ91D alloy semi-solid slurry produced with a twin-screw stirring mixer was investigated. The results show that the tensile strength and elongation of the sample made by rheo-diecasting were 37% and 44% higher, respectively, than those produced by conventional liquid diecasting. The castings fabricated by rheo-diecasting possessed good density with low shrinkage and could be heat treated. It is a “near-net shape” production process.     

AZ61合金半固态二次加热工艺及组织演变

研究了应力诱发熔体激活法(SIMA)制备的AZ61镁合金半固态坯料在二次加热时加热温度和保温时间对其组织的影响,研究表明,二次加热初期半固态组织首先熔合合并,随着保温时间延长,晶粒逐渐长大和球化,液相份数增加;保温温度越高,晶粒长大和球化速度加快。在592℃加热、保温20min~40min,可以获得均匀、圆整的半固态组织,晶粒大小为80μm~90μm,液相率为40%~42%。高于597℃时,试样重熔过程中易发生严重变形。     

Thixotropic behavior of semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy

The thixotropie behavior of semi-solid AZ91D slurry was studied through a Couette type viseometer.The results show that the apparent viscosity of semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy slurry increases after being isothermally held, but the apparent viscosity quickly falls down to a steady state value after being stirred again and it takes on a sharp shear-thinning behavior. With the same shearing rate and the rest time increasing, the steady apparent viscosity increases because of the agglomeration of the solid particles, and the time required for the slurry to reach the steady state also becomes longer. If the solid fraction increases, it takes longer time for the slurry to reach the steady apparent viscosity with the same shearing rate and the same rest time. If the solid fraction and the rest time are the same, but the shearing rate rises, it takes shorter time for the slurry to reach the steady apparent viscosity and the final steady apparent viscosity also decreases.     

Effect of combinative addition of strontium and rare earth elements on corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy

The influencf of strontium（Sr） and rare earth（RE） elements on the corrosion behavior of AZ91D magnesium alloy was investigated by conventional corrosion testing and electrochemical measurements in 3.5% NaCl solution. After comparing the mass loss and hydrogen evolution of the samples, the microstructures of the alloys and the morphologies of their corrosion product films were characterized by electron probe microanalysis-energy dispersive spectrometry（EPMA-EDS） and Auger electron spectroscopy（AES）. Compared with individual addition of Sr or RE to AZ91D, the combinative addition of 0.5% Sr and 1% RE to AZ91D successfully decreases the corrosion rate further, which can be attributed to the depression of micro-galvanic couples, as well as the formation of more protective film due to aluminum enrichment. The combinative addition of strontium and rare earth elements to AZ91D magnesium alloy appears to be a promising approach to increase its corrosion resistance.     

原始组织对半固态AZ91D镁合金重熔行为的影响

采用水淬法研究了具有5种不同凝固组织的AZ91D镁合金半固态熔化过程的行为.结果表明:增加冷却速率、预变形处理和晶粒细化有利于初始凝固组织中存在的非平衡组织的分散细化.原始组织中的非平衡共晶组织在加热过程中大部分扩散溶解而溶入基体中,剩余部分在加热过程中首先熔化;冷却速率越大或预变形处理以后的试样在熔化过程中更容易发生二次枝晶臂之间的合并.提出半固态熔化过程可分为成分均匀化、共晶熔化及部分初生相的熔化和球化完成3个阶段,不同熔化阶段的控制性因素不同.熔化后的半固态组织中固态颗粒的尺寸和形貌主要与初始组织的形貌、加热过程中非平衡组织的溶解速度及加热速度有关.     

Microstructural evolution of equal channel angular pressed AZ91D magnesium alloy during semi-solid isothermal heat treatment

The microstructural evolution of AZ91D magnesium alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing during isothermal heat treatment at 570℃ was investigated. The results indicated that the equal channel angular pressing followed by semi-solid isothermal heat treatment was an effective method to prepare semisolid nondendritic slurry of AZ91D magnesium alloy. During this process, its microstructure change underwent four stages, the initial coarsening stage, the structure separation stage, the spheroidization stage and the final coarsening stage. The microstructural spheroidization effect was the best after being heated for 15 min for the alloy pressed for four passes, and the grain size was the smallest. With the further increase of heating time, the grain size and shape factor increased. When the heating time was kept constant, the grain size and shape factor decreased with the increase of pressing passes.     

Effects of rare earths on friction and wear characteristics of magnesium alloy AZ91D

The influence of various rare-earth contents on the friction and characteristics of magnesium alloy AZ91D was studied.The results show that the wear r5esistance properties of rare-earth magnesium alloys are better than those of the matrix alloy under the testing conditions.Magnesium alloys undergo transition from mild wear to severe wear.The addition of rare earths refines the structure of alloys,improves the comprehensive behaviors of the magnesium alloys,increases the stability of oxidation films on worn surfaces,enhances the loading ability of rareearth magnesium alloys,and delays the transition from mild wear to severe wear effectively.