酿酒葡萄枝蔓死因分析及预防途径

凉州葡萄庄园是甘肃皇台酒业股份有限公司自建的万亩酿酒葡萄基地,位于武威市凉州区境内的祁连山北麓,腾格里大沙漠南缘的古万里长城旁.属内陆干旱半干旱荒漠地带,是世界种植酿酒葡萄的黄金地带.农业部已将该区列为全国重点酿酒葡萄种植基地之一.     

宁夏大型酿酒葡萄基地生产管理模式分析及探讨

宁夏酿酒葡萄产业始于上世纪80年代初期,90年代后期得到迅速发展.宁夏农垦局玉泉营农场是宁夏大型酿酒葡萄基地的发源地.1982年该场率先从河北省昌黎引进酿酒与鲜食兼用品种,建立了面积800hm2的全区第一个大型葡萄基地.     

发展酿酒葡萄基地品种存在的问题和对策

发展酿酒葡萄基地品种存在的问题和对策朱林赵新节刘金友李修锐（山东省酿酒葡萄科研所，２５０１００）（华东葡萄酿酒有限公司，２６６１００）目前，在葡萄酒行业中谈论酿酒葡萄基地发展和探讨葡萄酒未来的前景都是一个热门话题。葡萄酒的市场决定着酿酒葡萄基地的发展...     

华东蓬莱万亩葡萄基地发展模式优化

本文分析了目前国内存在的各主要酿酒葡萄基地发展模式及各自的优缺点,并详细解读了华东蓬莱万亩葡萄基地的优化模式,以期获得一种合理的、适合本地区发展的酿酒葡萄基地发展新模式.结果表明:不同基地发展模式具有不同的优点和缺点,华东蓬莱万亩葡萄种植基地优化模式是在原有基础上的创新,对今后基地模式的改革具有指导意义.     

酿酒葡萄生产的投入产出与经济效益分析

本文以黄羊滩常规酿酒葡萄生产、玉泉营高档酿酒葡萄生产和玉米生产为例,研究在投入、产出与经济效益方面的差异,力求对酿酒葡萄生产的规律有更加深刻的认识。研究表明,酿酒葡萄生产是一项劳动和技术密集度高的产业,宁夏贺兰山东麓规模化酿酒葡萄基地必须重视葡萄园机械应用,葡萄酒企业坚持走"高端、优质、优价"的发展方向,酿酒葡萄基地和企业才能实现可持续发展。     

酿酒葡萄营养袋苗建园应注意的几个问题

贺兰山东麓地区酿酒葡萄园采用营养袋苗建园十分普遍。早期有玉泉营农场、广夏公司酿酒葡萄基地、贺东葡萄庄园,御马公司等葡萄基地。近2年,张裕公司黄羊滩农场酿酒葡萄基地、科冕实业红寺堡葡萄基地、永宁县、青铜峡市等酿酒葡萄园也全部或部分采用再生塑料杯苗、塑料薄膜营养袋苗建园。从育苗中暴露出的一些问题和栽植后苗木成活及生长情况看,酿酒葡萄采用营养袋苗建园应注意以下几个问题。     

不同葡萄品种酿酒特性的比较研究

近年来,我国掀起的"干红葡萄酒热"带动了酿酒葡萄种植业的迅速发展,许多地区建立了大面积酿酒葡萄生产基地[1].世界范围内的研究证明,葡萄酒的质量主要决定于品种原料的质量,其次才是工艺和设备.因此葡萄品种对葡萄酒质量起着决定性的作用[2].优良的葡萄品种只有在适宜的生态和栽培条件下,才能表现出本身的品质特性[3,4].本文通过对昌黎和怀来两个地区酿酒葡萄品种理化特性和酿酒特性的比较分析,以及同一品种在不同地形地貌的表现,为这两个地区酿酒葡萄生产基地的发展提供一些参考.     

中国酿酒葡萄种植基地的产区营销策略

“七分原料,三分工艺”,葡萄酒产品品质在很大程度上受到酿酒葡萄质量的制约。但是并不是任何地方都拥有种植酿酒葡萄的独特自然环境。中国葡萄酒行业的长盛不衰与酿酒葡萄种植基地的良性支持是相辅相成的。在中国葡萄酒行业愈来愈激烈的市场竞争环境中,酿酒葡萄种植基地也有必要“从幕后走向前台”,将自己所处的产区营销出去,直接与市场进行沟通,将产区差异化,这样,产区酿酒葡萄种植户以及葡萄酒企业都会从酿酒葡萄种植基地的产区营销中受益,同时,也呈现给消费者一个个具有丰富地域特色的葡萄酒产品。因此,我们有必要将中国酿酒葡萄种植基…     

酿酒葡萄基地配套技术管理方法及有关问题的研讨

民权县位于豫东故道沙区,是我国新兴的葡萄生产基地。近几年来,山于他们重视酿酒事业的发展,并采取积极稳妥、质量第一、分阶段发展酿酒葡萄基地,加之大搞科学试验,制定实施配套的技术管理措施,有效地促进了该区葡萄栽培与酿酒事业的发肤。据统计,目前该县有酿酒葡萄基地近8万亩,其中结果面积4万亩,年产量3500万公     

宁夏大型酿酒葡萄基地生产管理模式分析及探讨

宁夏酿酒葡萄产业始于上世纪80年代初期,90年代后期得到迅速发展。宁夏农垦局玉泉营农场是宁夏大型酿酒葡萄基地的发源地。1982年该场率先从河北省昌黎引进酿酒与鲜食兼用品种,建立了面积800hm^2的全区第一个大型葡萄基地。1997年银广夏葡萄酒公司创立,一、二、三基地同时建园,基地总面积达2000hm^2;银广夏开创了在宁夏荒漠沙丘上种植酿酒葡萄的先河。     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。     

Heavy metals in vegetables sold in the local market in Jordan

Heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in various vegetables (cabbage, green onion, lettuce, parsley, rocket, spinach, carrot, onion, potato and cauliflower) from the market in Jordan were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn ranged from 0.009–0.275 mg kg^?1 wet weight, 0.004–0.060 mg kg^?1, 0.003–0.401 mg kg^?1, 0.105–3.51 mg kg^?1, 0.15–1.15 mg kg^?1, 0.93–14.39 mg kg^?1, 0.044–0.702 mg kg^?1, 0.072–0.289 mg kg^?1 and 2.23–6.65 mg kg^?1, respectively. Parsley, followed by spinach, contained the highest concentration of heavy metals. Onion contained high levels of toxic heavy metals. The content of Cu in parsley and spinach and Pb in onion exceeded the Codex limits. However, the daily intake of heavy metals from the tested vegetables was lower than the maximum limits for allowable intake.