红豆杉单组分多糖的超滤预处理及连续分离工艺

以红豆杉枝叶部位总多糖为原料,采用超滤方法对原料进行预处理,并对工艺进行优化,最佳优化条件为:截留相对分子质量为5kDa,温度为25℃,压力为20psi(1psi=6894.76kPa),pH值为6.8。 在此条件下,将浓度为10g/L的1L红豆杉多糖溶液超滤至125mL,再添加去离子水至1L,反复超滤4次,得到的红豆杉多糖的截留率和脱色率分别为87.2%和75.6%。进一步以红豆杉单组分多糖间歇色谱分离工艺参数为基础,采用自行设计制作的连续色谱设备,建立了连续离子交换色谱分离红豆杉酸性单组分多糖PST-1的分离工艺,处理量达到每批次100.08L,PST-1纯度在99.0%以上,收率达到50.0%。     

酶-膜法提取纯化荔枝核中氨基酸

采用酶-膜法提取纯化荔枝核中氨基酸。使用X JT9503中性蛋白酶酶解辅助提取荔枝核中氨基酸,实验确定酶解的优化条件为:酶用量600 U/g、酶解温度50℃、pH=6.5、酶解时间90 m in,氨基酸得率为1.16%。采用水提法和酸解提取法氨基酸得率分别仅为0.41%和0.92%。实验表明,酶解提取法要优于水提法和酸解提取法。使用截留相对分子质量50 000的陶瓷超滤膜纯化酶解提取液,实验表明,膜通量随操作压力和料液温度升高而增加。在操作压力0.22 MPa,料液温度30℃的条件下,膜的平均通量为75.63 L/(m2.h),氨基酸的截留率仅为10.3%,蛋白质的截留率为98.1%,多糖的截留率为85.2%,氨基酸能够与蛋白质、多糖等大分子实现有效分离。     

灵芝多糖提取及纯化工艺研究

为了优化制备高纯度灵芝多糖的提取及纯化工艺,获得高纯度的灵芝多糖药学研究用样品。以灵芝子实体为原料,药用纯化水为溶剂,以固形物含量和多糖含量为考察指标,通过对比研究确定灵芝水提物生产的最优工艺条件。灵芝水提物制备的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1︰15、提取两次、第一次提取时间为4 h、第二次提取时间为3 h,得到水提物收率6.54%,多糖含量9.1%。灵芝水提物通过分级醇沉方法纯化分离灵芝多糖,以多糖含量为考察指标,对比两组不同梯度的体积分数醇沉工艺,确定灵芝多糖分级醇沉的的最佳工艺条件。灵芝水提物分级醇沉的最优工艺条件为30%、60%和90%三个醇沉体积分数,通过分级醇沉可以将水提物中80%以上的灵芝多糖纯化分离出来,其中60%、90%体积分数醇沉得到的灵芝多糖2#、灵芝多糖3#的多糖含量达到25%以上。     

黄芪多糖提取、分离纯化工艺研究

用水提取黄芪多糖,比较了TCA法、Sevag法和鞣酸法3种脱蛋白方法对黄芪多糖提取液脱蛋白效果的影响,以D101大孔吸附树脂纯化黄芪多糖。结果显示,黄芪多糖的最佳提取工艺为:100℃下用水加热回流提取2次,60 min/次,料液比为1∶10 g/mL,提取率达3. 570%;鞣酸法脱蛋白效果最好; D101大孔吸附树脂分离纯化黄芪多糖的工艺为:处理100 mL浓度1. 8 mg/mL的黄芪粗多糖溶液时,采用4 BV,50%乙醇为洗脱剂,以1 mL/min的流速进行洗脱,可获得纯度为65. 07%的黄芪多糖。     

黄芪多糖提取、分离纯化工艺研究

用水提取黄芪多糖,比较了TCA法、Sevag法和鞣酸法3种脱蛋白方法对黄芪多糖提取液脱蛋白效果的影响,以D101大孔吸附树脂纯化黄芪多糖。结果显示,黄芪多糖的最佳提取工艺为:100℃下用水加热回流提取2次,60 min/次,料液比为1∶10 g/mL,提取率达3. 570%;鞣酸法脱蛋白效果最好; D101大孔吸附树脂分离纯化黄芪多糖的工艺为:处理100 mL浓度1. 8 mg/mL的黄芪粗多糖溶液时,采用4 BV,50%乙醇为洗脱剂,以1 mL/min的流速进行洗脱,可获得纯度为65. 07%的黄芪多糖。     

大孔吸附树脂对维药恰麻古粗多糖脱色纯化工艺研究

采用响应面法优化大孔树脂对维药恰麻古粗多糖脱色纯化的工艺。以多糖保留率、脱色率、蛋白质脱除率的综合评分为考察指标,考察样品浓度、洗脱流速、上样量对脱色纯化的影响。结果表明,最优工艺条件为:样品浓度1%,洗脱流速3.6 BV/h,上样量0.75 BV。在此条件下,恰麻古粗多糖脱色纯化综合评分63.74,结果稳定可靠,重复性良好,简单可行,为恰麻古粗多糖进一步分离纯化及实际生产奠定基础。     

大孔吸附树脂对维药恰麻古粗多糖脱色纯化工艺研究

采用响应面法优化大孔树脂对维药恰麻古粗多糖脱色纯化的工艺。以多糖保留率、脱色率、蛋白质脱除率的综合评分为考察指标,考察样品浓度、洗脱流速、上样量对脱色纯化的影响。结果表明,最优工艺条件为:样品浓度1%,洗脱流速3.6 BV/h,上样量0.75 BV。在此条件下,恰麻古粗多糖脱色纯化综合评分63.74,结果稳定可靠,重复性良好,简单可行,为恰麻古粗多糖进一步分离纯化及实际生产奠定基础。     

大孔树脂分离纯化枸杞多糖的研究

本文采用大孔吸附树脂分离纯化枸杞多糖的粗提取液,其中,大孔树脂HPD300对枸杞多糖的吸附容量最大可达343.71 mg/g,吸附平衡时间为180 min,HPD300对枸杞多糖的吸附过程符合Freundlich等温吸附方程,为多分子层吸附。大孔吸附树脂HPD300吸附分离工艺可以重复利用,树脂经过分连续5轮离纯化后,其再生效率可达85.09%,多糖回收率87.47%。     

伤寒Vi多糖柱层析纯化工艺的优化

目的优化伤寒Vi多糖柱层析纯化工艺,以替代传统苯酚抽提、乙醇分级沉淀法。方法采用DEAE离子交换层析柱,分别在缓冲液(20 mmol/L Tris-Cl)pH值为6.0、7.0和8.0的条件下纯化1批伤寒Vi多糖粗糖,并与传统苯酚抽提、乙醇分级沉淀法进行比较。按《中国药典》三部(2010版)要求检测纯化样品的蛋白质含量、核酸含量、O-乙酰基含量、分子大小及内毒素含量,并计算样品的多糖回收率。采用优化的DEAE柱层析纯化工艺纯化3批伤寒Vi多糖粗糖,验证该工艺的稳定性。结果 DEAE离子交换柱缓冲液(20 mmol/L Tris-Cl)pH值为7.0和8.0时,可有效将伤寒Vi多糖的杂质与纯化产物分离,多糖回收率分别为36.52%和38.35%,明显高于传统工艺的多糖回收率(15.52%),且纯化产物的内毒素含量(10 EU/μg)明显低于传统工艺(200 EU/μg)。以优化工艺(pH 7.0)纯化3批伤寒Vi多糖粗糖获得的6批精糖的蛋白质含量、核酸含量、O-乙酰基含量、分子大小、内毒素含量及多糖回收率差异较小,标准偏差均小于5%。结论优化了伤寒Vi多糖柱层析的纯化工艺,该工艺稳定性良好,可替代传统苯酚抽提、乙醇分级沉淀法,应用于伤寒Vi多糖的纯化。     

黄芪多糖提取、纯化及其应用研究进展

就黄芪多糖提取、分离纯化工艺及应用的新进展进行了综述。比较分析不同提取、分离纯化工艺的优缺点,介绍了黄芪多糖在医疗、养殖、食品方面的应用,指出黄芪多糖发展中存在的问题,对其以后的发展进行讨论和展望。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.