消除硫碳着色玻璃气泡的体会

消除硫碳着色玻璃气泡的体会胡爱菊（湖北省大冶玻璃瓶厂４３５１００）气泡是玻璃体中主要缺陷之一，直接影响玻璃制品的质量。而硫碳着色的棕色玻璃，由于不同价态的硫同时存在且作用不同，故有其特殊性￣［１］，在熔制过程中比普通白玻璃和绿玻璃容易产生气泡。提高炉...     

硫碳棕色玻璃的颜色和气泡问题

硫碳棕色玻璃的颜色和气泡问题袁怡松（轻工业部玻璃搪瓷工业科学研究所２０００５２）一、前言硫碳棕色玻璃具有鲜明、透亮的棕红色，并能吸收紫外线。广泛用于瓶罐玻璃、器皿玻璃和医药包装玻璃等。本文重点论述影响硫碳棕色玻璃颜色的因素，并探讨有关气泡问题。关于硫...     

硫属铋镉化物着色玻璃显色过程的研究

本文对以硫属铋镉化物着色玻璃的显色过程进行了系统的研究与讨论。X射线衍射、透射电镜、电子衍射及EDAX能谱分析表明;玻璃在显色过程中析出了由CdS(Se)和Bi_2Se_3等半导体化合物组成的固溶体微晶,其组成随显色温度的提高而改变,从而造成玻璃光吸收的变化。ZnO参与了玻璃的显色过程。从热力学与动力学的观点分析了玻璃的显色过程,对实验结果作了较为圆满的解释。     

Color and Spectral Transmittance of Amber Bottle Glass

Because of increased interest in color uniformity among iron-sulfur amber bottle glasses, a study was undertaken of their color, their spectral transmittance, and the relationship of these properties. It was found that the psychophysical attributes of color (C.I.E. system) as computed from complete light-transmittance spectra can actually be estimated for iron-sulfur amber glasses with good accuracy from transmittance at only two suitable wave lengths, 550 and 650 mp. Transmittance at 550 mμ is closely correlated with brightness (C.I.E.) and thus is sufficient to characterize color intensity, which is the most important variable of color quality among commercial amber glasses. There is also fair correlation between transmittance at 550 mμ and transmittance in the ultraviolet. The latter is important in the avoidance of photochemical action on bottled products. Incidental to this work, the transmittances of a large number of glasses were compared with their iron and sulfur contents. Broadly speaking, it was found that transmittance at 550 mp decreases with increasing ferrous iron or with increasing sulfide content. However, this transmittance is affected substantially by other factors, such as gross composition, minor constituents like fluorine, and thermal history, of which no account was taken in the present work. Transmittance at 1050 mp can be correlated closely with ferrous iron content (as determined by chemical analysis) and absorbancy per unit concentration of ferrous iron in carbon-sulfur ambers is about the same as in green glasses containing no sulfur.     

控制熔化工艺消除浮法玻璃气泡

就浮法玻璃生产过程中如何调整熔化工艺及操作来消除玻璃中气泡所运用的理论及方法进行了说明。强调指出：消除浮法玻璃中气泡的关键在于控制澄清剂芒硝的反应。     

Behavior of Bubbles of Oxygen and Sulfur Dioxide in Soda-Lime Glass

Bubbles of sulfur dioxide are dissolved by soda-lime glass containing arsenic or ferric oxide at a rate which follows a square-root-of-time law, indicating a diffusion process. Mixtures of sulfur dioxide and oxygen are dissolved very rapidly as long as both gases are present, whereas an excess of either gas remaining in the bubbles is adsorbed at the normal rate, which depends on the composition of the glass. Apparently sulfur dioxide is dissolved by oxidation either by oxygen in the bubble or by oxygen diffusing from oxidizing constituents in the glass, whereas oxygen is dissolved by diffusing into the glass to react with reducing constituents.     

聚酯瓶气泡成因及采取的措施

聚酯瓶在生产过程中产生气泡是生产上常见的主要问题之一,而气泡的存在不仅影响作为包装材料的聚酯瓶的外观效果,而且直接影响其使用性能。分析了聚酯瓶在生产过程中气泡产生的原因、原理;介绍了控制气泡所采取的措施。其主要措施有:把好原料关、加强干燥、严格控制生产工艺条件。     

Conditions for Producing Amber and Brown Glass

Dependences are identified that characterize redox reactions in the production of amber and brown glasses from batches using sodium sulfate with an excessive reducing agent or blast furnace slag. All reactions and resulting color shades are related to partial oxygen pressure. Boundary values for producing steady amber glasses are identified. The reducing potential of batches found by the oxydimetry method can be expressed via partial oxygen pressure, and it is recommended to determine this potential for tinted and clear glasses.     

环切均匀性检测技术对于瓶罐玻璃质量的应用

主要介绍玻璃环切均匀性测试技术的实施方法。该测试技术依据玻璃均匀性与力学性能之间的关系,通过对环切检测技术的工作原理、测试装置、测试步骤和使用技巧的论述,分析瓶罐玻璃在生产过程中产生条纹的原因,并针对条纹特征反推生产过程中的问题节点。根据瓶罐玻璃破损情况与玻璃条纹和应力之间的关系,证明了环切检测技术是玻璃内在质量控制的重要手段。     

高凸底玻璃瓶的制造

通过模具设计和制造工艺的不断改进,生产出高凸底的玻璃瓶。     

Thermal-Gradient-Induced Migration of Bubbles in Molten Glass

Buoyant fining of molten glasses does not occur in a weightless environment. One method suggested for fining is to apply a temperature gradient to cause bubbles to move because of the surface tension temperature dependency. Ground-based experiments were conducted to demonstrate that thermal migration actually occurred in glassmelts and to estimate the magnitude of the effect. Thermal migration, consistent with theory, was found in borax melts, evidencing an approximately linear relation between bubble diameter and bubble velocity for a given temperature and gradient. Other effects, such as near-bubble interaction, were also observed.     

Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Bubbles in Glass

Procedures have been developed for analyzing, by quadrupole mass spectrometry, gases contained in bubbles within glass. Commonly sought-for species are detected individually at minimum levels of 3 to 70x10⁻⁴ nL (STP) in bubbles 0.1 to 1 mm in diameter. Calibration is obtained by analyzing certified gas mixtures contained in glass capillaries at known pressures and volumes.     

Determination of Sulfur in Glass

The total sulfur in glass in the range 0.01 to 1.0% SO₃ can be rapidly estimated by an induction furnace combustion method using standard commercial equipment. The results compare favorably with the classical barium sulfate precipitation procedure and with X-ray fluorescence analysis. The sulfide sulfur in glass can be determined by solution of the sample with hydrofluoric acid in the presence of silver ion, followed by titration of the amount of silver precipitated.