城市污水处理厂设计进水水质确定和出水水质评价

以广州市各污水处理厂的进出水水质的实测数据为例,通过概率分析,进行了城市污水处理厂设计进水水质确定和出水水质评价的尝试。这些实测数据,经过适当变换,可以与标准正态分布曲线良好符合,说明它们基本遵从正态分布规律,并更加遵从对数正态分布规律。按照保证概率确定了该地区或类似地区的城市污水处理厂的设计进水水质,并利用达标概率评价了广州市各污水处理厂的出水水质。     

北京市郊区污水处理厂出水水质研究

随着北京市地方标准的制定,北京市各郊区污水处理厂面临着水质提标,达到DB11/890-2012《城镇污水处理厂水污染物排放标准》表1中A级排放标准。通过对北京市郊区6座污水处理厂的实际运行数据分析,研究了污水处理厂的出水水质、工艺流程及规模等相互关系,同时为新建污水处理厂或现状污水处理厂升级改造提供参考。     

地下式污水处理厂能耗指标分析及节能方向

在对国内现行节能评估标准进行梳理的基础上,通过具体的工程案例,对地下式污水处理厂的能耗特点和能耗指标进行了分析,提出了单位能耗指标的合理区间,并建议地下式污水处理厂的单位能耗指标以不超过0.45～0.6 kW·h/m3为宜.通过数据对比,得出在同样处理标准下,国内污水处理厂在运行能耗方面与欧美发达国家处于同一水平的结论...     

Water quality in a surface-flow constructed treatment wetland polishing tertiary effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant

Constructed treatment wetlands (CTWs) are unique ecotechnologies that can sustainably treat a range of wastewaters. This study focused on a 0.23 ha vegetated surface-flow CTW polishing nitrate-rich (3-6 mg-N/L) tertiary effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Water quality was monitored longitudinally in the fall of 2009 and 2010. The CTW cooled water by from around 20 °C to <15 °C in both years. Longitudinal temperature profiles were successfully modeled using an energy balance approach (2009 R(2) = 0.69; 2010 R(2) = 0.92). The magnitude of key model fitting parameters, including albedo (0.1-0.2) and convective transfer coefficient (0.1-0.9 MJ/m(2) d °C), were within ranges reported in the literature. In both years, dissolved oxygen decreased through the wetland from 6-7 mg/L to 3-4 mg/L, yielding an oxygen mass consumption rate of 0.08-0.09 g/m(2) d. Longitudinal nitrate profiles were well represented by the P-k-C* model (2009 R(2) = 0.88; 2010 R(2) = 0.92). First order removal rates were 20.2 m/yr in 2009 and 29.0 m/yr in 2010 at a P value of 6.0. Levels of ammonia and total phosphorus increased negligibly through the wetland, remaining below 0.25 mg/L. This study shows that vegetated surface-flow CTWs are well suited to cool and polish low-BOD nitrate-dominated tertiary effluents with little degradation of other water quality parameters of concern, including phosphorus and ammonia.     

静电除尘器电控系统节能改造

节能技术改造是火电厂大幅节能的必由之路。介绍了贵州大方发电有限公司静电除尘器电控系统的技术改造情况,简要分析了常用运行方式耗电高的原因。采用DKZ-2型电除尘器电控装置后,电除尘系统的运行电流显著下降,节能效果明显。     

Nutrient reduction evaluation of sewage effluent treatment options for small communities.

Small communities that are sewered by either package sewage treatment plants or on-site sewerage facilities are finding that the ground and surface waters are being contaminated. Nitrogen, which typically is not removed in these conventional systems, is a major concern. This project evaluated the capability of four sewage treatment technologies to reduce the amount of nitrogen being discharged in the effluent to the receiving environment. The four sewage treatment processes evaluated include a recirculating sand filter, biofilter, slow sand filter and constructed subsurface flow wetland. These processes were evaluated for their capability to reduce nitrogen, phosphorus, BOD5 and TSS. The primary objective of the project was to evaluate the capability of these treatment processes to reduce nitrogen using biological processes nitrification and denitrification. This paper reports on the performance of these processes to reduce nitrogen. The study demonstrated that the biofilter was capable of removing from a primary treated influent 40% of the total nitrogen. For the same quality influent the recirculating sand filter was capable of removing 35% of the total nitrogen. Secondary treated effluent was fed to the slow sand filter and the subsurface flow wetland. There was a 52% reduction in total nitrogen through the wetland however there was virtually no reduction in total nitrogen through the slow sand filter.     

紫外线消毒在城市污水处理厂中的应用

在介绍南宁某污水处理厂的紫外线消毒系统基础上,对其处理效果和运行成本进行了分析.生产运行表明该技术运行成本低、处理效果稳定,处理出水满足景观用水和下游补水需求.     

H2O2与沸石联用处理污水厂二级出水的研究

为探寻污水厂二级出水深度处理方法,以阜新市某污水处理公司二级出水为研究对象,进行H2O2与沸石联用去除水中COD、氨氮的研究。结果表明：在二氧化锰的催化作用下,pH值为7时,H2O2和沸石的投加量分别为1.5mL和2g,二级出水的COD从138.24mg/L降到52.76mg/L,去除率达到75.36%,NH3-N从20mg/L降到5mg/L,去除率为74.59%,出水有机物和氨氮含量达到国家相关出水标准。     

H_2O_2与沸石联用处理污水厂二级出水的研究

为探寻污水厂二级出水深度处理方法,以阜新市某污水处理公司二级出水为研究对象,进行H2O2与沸石联用去除水中COD、氨氮的研究。结果表明：在二氧化锰的催化作用下,pH值为7时,H2O2和沸石的投加量分别为1.5mL和2g,二级出水的COD从138.24mg/L降到52.76mg/L,去除率达到75.36%,NH3-N从20mg/L降到5mg/L,去除率为74.59%,出水有机物和氨氮含量达到国家相关出水标准。     

悬浮填料技术用于污水处理厂二级出水极限脱氮研究

采用悬浮填料技术对城镇污水处理厂二级出水进行极限脱氮研究,分析填充比、水温及硝酸盐氮表面负荷等关键因素对悬浮填料技术极限脱氮性能的影响,考察悬浮填料技术极限脱氮效果.结果表明,填料填充比宜控制在35％～50％,当水温23～27 ℃,硝酸盐氮表面负荷可控制为2.5 gNO3--N/(m2·d),HRT为30 min,当水...     

污水处理厂进水水质变化对污水处理效率的影响分析

以清河污水处理厂2006—2007年的实测数据作为样本,采用统计软件SPSS中回归分析项下的线性回归分析工具对数据进行处理分析,探讨了污水处理厂进水水质的变化对污水处理效率的影响规律。     

管网叠压供水相对于普通变频调速供水的节能率计算

以水泵相似定律为基础,利用适当的数学方程对水泵特性参数进行曲线拟合,推导出管网叠压供水方式相对于普通变频调速供水方式的节能率计算公式。管网叠压供水相对于普通变频调速供水的节能率与两种供水方式所选水泵机组的特性参数有关,并随市政管网剩余压力和建筑物用水量变化而发生变化。     

A low-cost municipal sewage treatment system with a combination of UASB and the "fourth-generation" downflow hanging sponge reactors.

This paper presents an evaluation of the process performance of a pilot-scale "fourth generation" downflow hanging sponge (DHS) post-treatment system combined with a UASB pretreatment unit treating municipal wastewater. After the successful operation of the second- and third-generation DHS reactors, the fourth-generation DHS reactor was developed to overcome a few shortcomings of its predecessors. This reactor was designed to further enhance the treatment efficiency and simplify the construction process in real scale, especially for the application in developing countries. Configuration of the reactor was modified to enhance the dissolution of air into the wastewater and to avert the possible clogging of the reactor especially during sudden washout from the UASB reactor. The whole system was operated at a total hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8 h (UASB: 6 h and DHS: 2 h) for a period of over 600 days. The combined system was able to remove 96% of unfiltered BOD with only 9 mg/L remaining in the final effluent. Likewise, F. coli were removed by 3.45 log with the final count of 10(3) to 10(4) MPN/100 ml. Nutrient removal by the system was also satisfactory.     

SHARON process evaluated for improved wastewater treatment plant nitrogen effluent quality.

New stricter nitrogen effluent standards and increasing influent loads require existing wastewater treatment plans (WWTPs) to extend or optimize. At WWTPs with limited aeration capacity, limited denitrification capacity or shortage of aerobic sludge age, implementation of SHARON to improve nitrogen effluent quality can be a solution. SHARON is a compact, sustainable and cost-effective biological process for treatment of nitrogen-rich rejection waters. At WWTP Rotterdam-Dokhaven and WWTP Utrecht a SHARON has been in operation for several years. For both WWTPs the effect of SHARON on the nitrogen effluent quality has been evaluated. WWTP Rotterdam-Dokhaven has limited aeration capacity. By implementation of SHARON, the ammonia load of the effluent was reduced by 50%. WWTP Utrecht had limited denitrification capacity. The implementation of SHARON improved the effluent nitrate load by 40%. The overall TN removal efficiency increased from 65% to over 75% and strict nitrogen effluents standards (TN = 10 mg N/l) could be reached. Through modelling and supported by full scale practice it has been shown that by implementation of SHARON in combination with enhanced influent pre-treatment, the aerobic sludge age can be extended to maintain total nitrogen removal at lower temperatures.     

Advanced phosphorus removal for secondary effluent using a natural treatment system

Mechanisms for low concentrations phosphorus removal in secondary effluent were studied, and a process was developed using limestone filters (LF), submerged macrophyte oxidation ponds (SMOPs) and a subsurface vertical flow wetland (SVFW). Pilot scale experimental models were applied in series to investigate the advanced purification of total phosphorus (TP) in secondary effluent at the Chengjiang sewage treatment plant. With a total hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 82.52 h, the average effluent TP dropped to 0.17 mg L(-1), meeting the standard for Class III surface waters. The major functions of the LF were adsorption and forced precipitation, with a particulate phosphorus (PP) removal of 82.93% and a total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) removal of 41.07%. Oxygen-releasing submerged macrophytes in the SMOPs resulted in maximum dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH values of 11.55 mg L(-1) and 8.10, respectively. This regime provided suitable conditions for chemical precipitation of TDP, which was reduced by a further 39.29%. In the SVFW, TDP was further reduced, and the TP removal in the final effluent reached 85.08%.     

Behaviour of endocrine disrupting chemicals during the treatment of municipal sewage sludge.

Agricultural application of municipal sewage sludge has been emotionally discussed in the last decades, because the latter contains endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and other organic micropollutants with unknown fate and risk potential. Bisphenol A (BPA) was chosen as a model substance to investigate the influence of sludge conditioning on the end-concentration of EDCs in sludge. Adsorption studies with radioactive-labelled BPA showed that more than 75% BPA in anaerobically digested sludge is bound to solids (log Kd = 2.09-2.30; log Koc = 2.72-3.11). Sludge conditioning with polymer or iron (III) chloride alone had no influence on the adsorption of BPA. After conditioning with iron (III) chloride and calcium hydroxide desorption of BPA took place. Apparently, it occurred due to the deprotonation of BPA (pKa= 10.3) as the pH-value reached 12.4 during the process. The same behaviour is expected for other phenolic EDCs with similar pKa (nonylphenol, 17beta-estradiol, estron, estriol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol). This study shows high affinity of BPA to the anaerobically digested sludge and importance of conditioning in the elimination of EDCs during the sludge treatment. Addition of polymer is favourable in the case of sludge incineration. Conditioning with iron (III) chloride and calcium hydroxide shows advantages for the use of sludge as fertiliser.     

Factors affecting the longevity of sub-surface horizontal flow systems operating as tertiary treatment for sewage effluent.

Compared with other forms of domestic wastewater treatment, reed beds require very little in the way of operational and maintenance input. This is even more markedly the case with tertiary treatment systems (than with secondary treatment systems) where the necessary maintenance amounts to only a few days/year. Unfortunately, in practice this frequently results in them receiving little or no attention at all. Tertiary treatment reed beds are not a "fit and forget" solution but they are often treated this way because they are very forgiving and abuse-tolerant. After a number of years a few of these tertiary reed beds have deteriorated to an extent whereby they are close to failing to comply with the regulator's requirements. Severn Trent Water Ltd has recognised this situation and has committed a budget for a programme of reed bed maintenance. This work has started with a survey of the condition of their beds and particularly to determine the common problems and hence the maintenance regime required. Five main problems occurred either singly or in combination namely: (a) sludge deposition; (b) above surface flooding (partially caused by (a), (c), and (d)); (c) inlet flow distributor problems/clogging; (d) outlet collector problems/incorrect level; (e) weed infestation.     

城市污水处理厂中邻苯二甲酸酯的研究

采用GC/MS分析了高碑店污水处理厂一分厂中6种邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的迁移和去除情况,并对其中的DEHP进行了物料平衡计算,以期为邻苯二甲酸酯的控制及处理技术的发展提供基础资料。结果表明,一分厂污水处理中DEHP的总去除率为90%;所去除的DEHP大部分被吸附在初沉污泥和剩余污泥中,约为63.9%;A2/O工艺的DEHP去除率约为20.7%。浓缩池和消化池上清液、脱水机房排水及厂区生活污水造成了相当大的厂内DEHP负荷。出水中的DBP、DOP浓度满足《污水综合排放标准》,DEHP浓度满足《地表水环境质量标准》。     

苏州太仓市污水处理厂尾水排放河道的治理

针对污水处理厂尾水污染受纳河道河水的问题,提出在不影响河道原有使用功能的前提下,充分利用河道本身及其周边的条件净化污水处理厂排放的尾水,并研究苏州太仓市双凤污水处理厂尾水排放河道治理示范工程的尾水深度净化效果。结果表明,在河道的断头浜内布置水质强化净化系统,能够有效地削减污水处理厂尾水中的污染物质,对有机物、氮、磷的去除率均达到20%以上,降低了污水处理厂对受纳河道河水的污染程度。     

移动式污水处理系统应用于分散生活污水的试验研究

针对分散型生活污水量小面广的特点,开发出移动式污水处理系统,系统由生化预处理池和车载式移动污水处理设备组成.中试结果表明,采用该组合工艺,出水CODCr＜40 mg/L,BOD5＜10 mg/L,TP＜0.5 mg/L,TN＜10 mg/L,NH3-N＜1 mg/L,其平均去除率分别达到86.69%,94.89%,89.40%,74.35%和97.89%.出水指标均能达到＜城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准＞(GB 18918-2002)一级A排放标准.