成核层退火压力对形成高阻GaN的作用

采用了MOCVD生长技术来获得高阻GaN,发现GaN的方块电阻会随着成核层退火压力的降低而迅速升高.当成核层退火压力降到75torr时,形成了高阻GaN,方块电阻达到1011Ω/□以上.原子力显微镜结果显示高阻GaN的表面非常平整,表面粗糙度只有0.15nm.在位激光检测发现高阻样品的成核层经过退火后会形成密度较高的成核岛.样品的X射线分析结果表明,随着退火压力的改变,刃型位错相对于螺型位错会有较大变化.说明刃型位错是GaN电阻变化的主要原因.     

成核层退火压力对形成高阻GaN的作用

采用了MOCVD生长技术来获得高阻GaN,发现GaN的方块电阻会随着成核层退火压力的降低而迅速升高.当成核层退火压力降到75torr时,形成了高阻GaN,方块电阻达到1011Ω/□以上.原子力显微镜结果显示高阻GaN的表面非常平整,表面粗糙度只有0.15nm.在位激光检测发现高阻样品的成核层经过退火后会形成密度较高的成核岛.样品的X射线分析结果表明,随着退火压力的改变,刃型位错相对于螺型位错会有较大变化.说明刃型位错是GaN电阻变化的主要原因.     

溅射AlN技术对GaN基LED性能的影响

研究了在图形蓝宝石衬底(PSS)上利用磁控溅射制备AlN薄膜的相关技术,随后通过采用金属有机化学气相沉积(MOCVD)在相关AlN薄膜上生了长GaN基LED.通过一系列对比实验,分析了AlN薄膜的制备条件对GaN外延层晶体质量的影响,研究了AlN薄膜溅射前N2预处理功率和溅射后热处理温度对GaN基LED性能的作用机制.实验结果表明:AlN薄膜厚度的增加,导致GaN缓冲层成核密度逐渐升高和GaN外延膜螺位错密度降低刃位错密度升高;N2处理功率的提升会加剧衬底表面晶格损伤,在GaN外延膜引入更多的螺位错;AlN热处理温度的升高粗化了表面并提高了GaN成核密度,使得GaN外延膜螺位错密度降低刃位错密度升高;而这些GaN外延膜位错密度的变化又进一步影响到LED的光电特性.     

表面应力诱导InGaN量子点的生长及其性质

为了得到高性能的GaN基发光器件,有源层采用MOCVD技术和表面应力的不均匀性诱导方法生长了InGaN量子点,并通过原子力显微镜(AFM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和光致发光(PL)谱对其微观形貌和光学性质进行了观察和研究.AFM和TEM观察结果表明:InGaN/GaN为平均直径约30nm,高度约25nm的圆锥;InGaN量子点主要集中在圆锥形的顶部,其密度达到5.6×1010cm-2.室温下,InGaN量子点材料PL谱强度大大超出相同生长时间的InGaN薄膜材料,这说明InGaN量子点有望作为高性能有源层材料应用于GaN基发光器件.     

退火对Mn-Co-Ni-O薄膜器件性能的影响

采用磁控溅射法制备了厚度为6.5μm的Mn_(1.95)Co_(0.77)Ni_(0.28)O_4组分的薄膜材料,把材料分别在400℃,500℃,600℃,700℃,800℃下进行后退火处理.结果表明,室温下的负电阻温度系数α295值随退火温度增加先增大后减小,而电阻率ρ_(295)则是随退火温度增加逐渐减小的;在相同频率下,500℃退火样品的归一化噪声谱密度(S_V·V_R/V~2)最小,700℃退火样品的归一化噪声谱密度最大.退火温度越高会造成越多的晶体缺陷,从而降低有效导热系数、增大时间常数τ和器件噪声.     

退火温度对Tb催化GaN纳米棒的影响

用稀土金属铽(Tb)作催化剂,通过磁控溅射和退火氨化法成功制备出大量单晶GaN纳米棒,并研究退火温度对GaN纳米棒表面形貌、晶体质量和发光特性的影响。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和光致发光谱(PL)测试结果显示,随着退火温度的升高,纳米棒的直径和长度增大,结晶质量先变好后变差,PL测试发现了位于369nm处的强发光峰和387nm处的弱发光峰,其发光强度随退火温度的升高先增强后减弱,发光峰的位置并不改变,进而得出了制备GaN纳米棒的最佳退火温度为950℃。利用高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)对950℃下制备的样品进行检测,结果显示样品为六方纤锌矿结构的单晶GaN纳米棒。     

快速热退火对带有InGaAs盖层的InAs/GaAs量子点发光特性的影响

系统地研究了快速热退火对带有3nmInxGa1-xAs(x＝0,0.1,0.2)盖层的3nm高的InAs/GaAs量子点发光特性的影响.随着退火温度从650℃上升到850℃,量子点发光峰位的蓝移趋势是相似的.但是,量子点发光峰的半高宽随退火温度的变化趋势明显依赖于InGaAs盖层的组分.实验结果表明In-Ga在界面的横向扩散在量子点退火过程中起了重要的作用.另外,我们在较高的退火温度下观测到了InGaAs的发光峰.     

退火过程中自组织生长Ge量子点的变化

在超高真空系统中,用扫描隧道显微镜(STM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了自组织生长的Ge量子点经不同温度退火后的变化.实验发现,当退火温度为630℃时,出现了许多新的量子点.与原来的在分子束外延过程中形成的无失配位错的量子点相比,新形成的量子点被认为是存在位错的岛.     

退火过程中自组织生长Ge量子点的变化

在超高真空系统中,用扫描隧道显微镜(STM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了自组织生长的Ge量子点经不同温度退火后的变化.实验发现,当退火温度为630℃时,出现了许多新的量子点.与原来的在分子束外延过程中形成的无失配位错的量子点相比,新形成的量子点被认为是存在位错的岛.     

纳米柱InGaN/GaN多量子阱的干法刻蚀制备技术

纳米柱GaN基多量子阱(MQW)拥有量子尺寸效应以及应变释放等特性,对于提高GaN基发光二极管(LED)的发光效率具有重要意义.采用快速热退火(RTA)形成的自组装Ni纳米颗粒作为刻蚀掩膜,利用电感耦合等离子体反应离子刻蚀(ICP-RIE)制备纳米柱InGaN/GaN MQW.通过改变RTA温度发现在800℃以上才能有效形成Ni纳米颗粒掩膜.不同的ICP和射频(RF)功率条件下制备的纳米柱MQW光致发光强度相比于相同结构的平面MQW会发生显著变化.通过优化ICP-RIE的刻蚀条件,可以获得发光强度显著提高的纳米柱MQW结构.同时,纳米柱MQW中压电极化场的减弱会形成光致发光峰位蓝移.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks