双钝体涡街流量计流体振动特性研究

涡街流量计测量应用广泛,但小流量信噪比低、抗干扰性能差。本论文提出双钝体组合强化流体振动,从而降低涡街流量计的计量下限,提高其抗干扰性能。通过实验研究获得了优化的双钝体组合,表明双钝体组合能达到强化流体振动和提高流量计信噪比的目的。     

双钝体涡街流量计的研究

通过仿真和用 5 0mm直径卡曼涡街流量计进行实验验证 ,得出 :双钝体组合能够增强流体振动 ,并且在钝体的轴对称点上存在相位相差 180°的流体振动点。采用双钝体组合结构和差动传感技术 ,能够研制出抗干扰性能良好和高灵敏度的新型涡街流量计。     

双钝体涡街流量计流体振动特性的试验研究

研究了双钝体旋涡脱离的流体动力学特性以及利用双钝体增强流体振动的最佳组合结构。给出了多种钝体组合结构的斯特劳哈尔数的试验结果,表明双钝体结构具有常定的斯特劳哈尔数。用50 mm口径涡街流量计进行的试验证明,双钝体组合在一定的条件下能获得理想的旋涡重叠,从而增强流体的振动。在钝体的轴对称点上,还观察到强度和频率相同,相位相差180°的流体振动点,利用优化的双钝体结构和差动传感技术,研制出小流量灵敏度和抗干扰性能很好的新型旋涡流量计。     

一种基于频率的光纤光栅小型流量计研究

提出了一种基于频率的光纤光栅小型流量计用于流体流量测量的设计方案。该流量计基于卡门涡街原理,利用发生体后产生脉动流体,通过测得其振动频率来测流体流量。通过对涡街流场二维仿真和三维仿真建模进行了理论分析并确定了Bragg光纤光栅粘贴的位置,实验表明,该流量计具有良好的可行性。     

不同介质下涡街流量计计量性能分析

本文针对涡街流量计在不同介质下的计量性能,依据流体力学,通过理论分析得出对于可压缩流体介质须考虑其可压缩性对涡街流量计的影响,为此选用四台不同口径的涡街流量计,在雷诺数相似准则指导下进行了实流标定实验,得到水、空气和蒸汽介质下的标定仪表系数,结果表明：介质可压缩性和涡街流量计几何尺寸是影响涡街流量计计量性能的重要因素,不同介质下涡街流量计的标定仪表系数不同,不可压缩流体水介质下的标定系数不能直接应用到可压缩流体蒸汽介质上,须进行修正,介质可压缩性和涡街流量计几何尺寸可作为修正因子。     

基于外差式随机共振的涡街频率检测方法

涡街频率检测是涡街流量计的关键技术问题,也是当前的研究热点.分析非线性双稳系统在噪声和单一频率信号、多频率信号作用下的随机共振特性,将外差式频谱分析与随机共振原理相结合,提出基于外差式随机共振的涡街频率检测方法.理论分析、数值仿真和试验结果表明,含噪的涡街信号通过随机共振能有效地提高涡街信号信噪比,准确获取涡街频率.该方法在涡街频率检测中的应用是可行和有效的,为提高涡街流量计现场适应性及小流量弱涡街信号频率检测提供了一种新的方法.     

涡街流量计在使用中存在的问题探讨

本文就以差动开关电容(DSC)为检测元件的SWINGWIRLⅡ电容式涡街流量计(以下简称流量计)在蒸汽流量测量使用中易出现的几个问题进行研讨.SWINGWIRLⅡ电容式涡街流量计是德国E H公司的专利产品.其主要特点是工作温度范围广,从—200～ 400℃;抗振性能优越,可承受1～500Hz的振动和lg振动加速度的冲击;测量精度高,用于蒸汽测量时其精度约为±1%;工作性能稳定,不存在应力式涡街流量计的不足,解决了流量测量领域存在的许多问题,深受好评.我国90年代初期已有制造厂家引进其生产技术,制造该种流量计.     

涡街流量计的原理及其应用

涡街流量计的原理及其应用哈尔滨锅炉厂王兴才卡门涡街原理与涡街流量计的开发１．原理涡街流量计是利用流体力学中著名的卡门涡街原理，即在流动的流体中插入一个非流线型断面的柱体，流体流动受到影响，在一定的雷诺数范围内将在柱体下游，均要产生漩涡分离。当这些漩涡...     

基于IIR小波滤波器的涡街流量计数字信号处理系统

涡街流量计被广泛应用于过程工业,但是,由于易受由管道振动和流场扰动等因素干扰,现场测量精度无法保证,测量小流量困难。本文将小波滤波器组应用于涡街流量计信号处理中,研究基于小波滤波的涡街信号处理方法,分析了小波滤波器的幅频特性对信号分析的影响,构造了幅频特性好的IIR型小波滤波器组。本文研制了基于ADSP2181的涡街流量计数字信号处理系统,并进行了气体流量和水流量标定实验,实验结果表明,基于小波滤波的涡街流量计数字信号处理系统有良好的适配性能,性能指标优于常规的涡街流量计处理系统。     

基于小波变换及FFT算法的涡街信号处理

近年来涡街流量计的应用越来越广泛,但在实际使用时管道振动和流场扰动等引起的噪声易对涡街信号造成干扰,导致实际测量精度达不到要求。本文使用小波变换及FFT算法对涡街信号进行处理。该方法对涡街信号提取和去除噪声效果良好。有利于扩大涡街流量计的量程范围,提高测量精度。     

Response of a dual triangulate bluff body vortex flowmeter to oscillatory flow

In this paper, on an experimental facility, the measurement characteristics of a diameter 50 mm dual triangulate bluff body vortex flowmeter in steady flow and oscillatory flow were investigated. Then, the Hilbert Huang Transformation (HHT) method was used to assess the anti-interference performances and the vortex street stability in oscillatory flow for the dual triangulate bluff body vortex flowmeter and a single bluff body vortex flowmeter. Offline simulation was carried out on the anti-interference performances of the dual triangulate bluff body vortex flowmeter signal noise in oscillatory flow by the method of the EMD-scales filter. The major findings are: (a) in most case, the EMD-scales filter may be as good at de-noising effect for the dual bluff body vortex flowmeter in oscillatory flow than that for the single bluff body vortex flowmeter in oscillatory flow. The vortex street stability in oscillatory flow for the dual bluff body is similar to that for the single bluff body. (b) In some special case, the EMD-scales filter is unable to play a better de-nosing role for the dual bluff body vortex flowmeter in oscillatory flow. The invalid condition of the EMD-scales filter for the dual bluff body vortex flowmeter in oscillatory flow is different to that of the single bluff body vortex flowmeter and it was advanced in this paper. (C) The vortex street stability for the dual bluff body vortex flowmeter is better than that for the single bluff body vortex flowmeter.     

低雷诺数下涡街流量计线性度的试验

在DN25水流量标准装置上对装有梯形漩涡发生体的涡街流量计在低雷诺数下进行试验研究,利用数字信号处理方法(频谱分析方法)得到涡街脱落频率,较传统模拟信号处理方法在保证较好线性度的基础上,有效地扩展了测量下限。绘制雷诺数—仪表系数曲线,发现梯形发生体在低雷诺数下仪表系数K呈递减趋势,当Re>2 000时K趋于常数,这与圆柱发生体在低雷诺数时曲线递增的趋势截然相反。通过分析得知,管道内流速分布的影响、发生体形状的影响和流速与频率关系的影响是导致上述变化趋势的3个主要影响因素。     

Experimental verification and numerical simulation of a vortex flowmeter at low Reynolds numbers

This study presents experimental verification and numerical simulations of a vortex flow meter in the Reynolds number range between 8300 and 50,000. A custom-designed bluff body with a wedge back shape was used in the flowmeter. A shedding frequency of the flowmeter was measured in an air duct using a hot-film probe. To evaluate the accuracy of the flowmeter, a measurement uncertainty analysis was performed. Numerical simulations of the vortex flowmeter were performed with the open source code OpenFOAM. Transient simulations of periodic vortex shedding behind the bluff body were performed using different simulation methods depending on the pipe Reynolds number, such as Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) method. The simulated vortex shedding frequencies matched the experimental data very well. Experiments and simulations demonstrated a clear linear dependence of the shedding frequency on the volumetric flow rate over the entire range of Reynolds numbers. In addition, numerical simulations were used to study the main mechanisms of vortex formation and shedding behind the considered bluff body.     

Design conditions for optimal dual bluff body vortex flowmeters

Examination of the performance of a large number of dual bluff body combinations leads to the conclusion that optimum repeatability of vortex shedding may be obtained with combinations satisfying certain basic conditions. One possible condition is the coincidence of the positions of maximum vortex strength for the individual bluff bodies which make up the combination. The aim of this paper is to describe the results of a test of the above principle using rectangular bluff bodies. The first stage is to find the mathematical relationship between the position of maximum strength and the depth of a single rectangular bluff body. The next stage is to use this relationship to find which combinations satisfy the above coincidence condition. These ‘optimal’ combinations were then tested against a number of ‘non-optimal’ combinations as controls. The overall conclusion is that the above condition is just one of five conditions underlying the design of optimum dual bluff body vortex flowmeters.     

Influence of blockage and shape of a bluff body on the performance of vortex flowmeter with wall pressure measurement

Experimental and numerical investigations are carried out with various bluff body shapes to identify an appropriate shape which can be used for vortex flowmeter application. In both the cases vortex shedding frequency is inferred from the fluctuation of wall pressure. The numerical simulations are carried out with cylindrical and triangular bluff bodies to understand the vortex shedding phenomenon and to identify an appropriate turbulence model for this class of flows with wall pressure measurement. The simulations reveal that the k-ε RNG model predicts the Strouhal number closer to the experimental results than other models. The experimental investigations are carried out with several bluff body shapes, such as triangular, trapezoidal, conical, cylindrical and ring shapes, with water as the working medium. In this context, the effects of sampling rate, tap location and blockage effects are explored. The results suggest that the axisymmetric tapping is better than differential pressure tapping in terms of signal amplitude. The non-dimensional location of the static pressure tap is found to be 0.714 times diameter of pipe times blockage. The trapezoidal bluff body is found to be the best among all the bluff bodies investigated in terms of signal amplitude and constancy of Strouhal number. The vortex flowmeter performance is also measured under disturbed flow conditions created by using gate valve and bends. These results are significant because they provide an optimum bluff body shape and blockage, and also present the performance of vortex flow meter under disturbed flow conditions which is rather seldom reported in the literature.     

Influence of blockage and upstream disturbances on the performance of a vortex flowmeter with a trapezoidal bluff body

Experimental investigations are conducted on vortex flowmeter with the differential wall pressure measurement method. The bluff body employed is trapezoidal in shape and water is used as the working fluid. Three different blockages (0.14, 0.24 and 0.3) are considered in this study. The performance of the vortex flowmeter is studied both under fully developed condition and in the presence of flow disturbances. The flow disturbance is created using 45° swirl generator and gate valve placed at different upstream distances. The performance of the flowmeter is also evaluated in the presence of a Laws Vanes flow conditioner placed downstream of the swirl generator. The blockage ratio of 0.3 is found to be the best among all the blockages studied under both disturbed and undisturbed conditions.     

A new approach to detection of vortices using ultrasound

The measurement principle of vortex flowmeter is based on von Karman vortex shedding phenomenon. Frequency of vortices, behind the bluff body, is proportional to the mean flow velocity. There are different ways of detection of vortices, and different sensors are used (presser sensors, capacitive sensors, thermo-resistance sensors, ultrasonic sensors, etc.). Proposed method to vortex identification, presented in this paper is based on simultaneous detection of pair of vortices with opposite circulation, by means of two pairs of ultrasonic transducers. A beam of ultrasound, from ultrasonic transmitter to ultrasonic receiver is transmitted perpendicularly to the vortex street. The received ultrasonic signal is amplitude and phase modulated. Frequency of demodulated signal is equal to the frequency of vortices. This technique allows a number of advantages comparing to conventional solutions: reduction, or elimination of noises caused by installation vibration and disturbances in the flow, higher sensor sensitivity, which as a result leads to a possibility of a reduction of the bluff body size, i.e. reduction of the pressure drop on the flow meter, increase of the measurement range in the low flow region, the possibility of redundant operation of the flow meter, reduced measurement uncertainty, instrument technology improvements, improved reliability of the instrument, assured improved statement of complete uncertainty contributions, improved metrology of the equipment as such and calibration procedures that contribute to measuring capabilities etc. For experimental testing a prototype vortex flowmeter of a nominal inner diameter (ID) 50 mm is developed. A cylindrical bluff body for vortex shedding is used. Ultrasonic transducers based on piezo-crystal PZT-5A, inserted in the wall of the vortex meter casing are utilized. The testing of prototype ultrasonic vortex flowmeter is realized on the calibration station on the water. The results at the testing point to the possibility of measuring flow of liquid fluids at velocities less than 0.5 m/s, with an uncertainty better than ±1%.     

Vortex shedding mechanisms in single and dual bluff bodies

This paper presents studies of vortex shedding mechanisms in a single bluff body and two dual bluff body combination. These studies are based on video imaging of vortex shedding in open channel flow. Three thousand frames were analysed for each geometry under specified flow conditions and used to derive statistical distributions for the periods of individual cycle. For each of the combinations, the vortex mechanism for a typical half cycle is presented in six stages. The differences in mechanisms between the three geometries are highlighted and used to explain the differences in the statistical distribution of cycle periods.     

三棱柱阻流体无阀压电泵的设计与试验

以三棱柱阻流体为无移动部件阀,结合3D打印技术的快速一体成型特点,设计并制作了以压电振子为动力源的三棱柱阻流体无阀压电泵。分析了该无阀压电泵的工作原理、理论流量和振子振动特性,推导出了它的的流量表达式。利用有限元法对三棱柱阻流体的流阻特性进行了仿真模拟,由其内部压强分布及进出口流速情况,定性分析了三棱柱阻流体的正反向流阻大小。最后,使用3D打印机制作了该无阀泵的试验样机,并进行了流阻和流量测量试验。试验结果表明:三棱柱阻流体具有正反向绕流流阻不等的特性,当驱动电压为550V,驱动频率为8 Hz时,该压电泵的输出流量达到最大,为29.8mL/min。结果证明了该三棱柱阻流体无阀压电泵具有良好的输送流体的能力。