硅芴-芴共聚物的合成、表征和光电性能

合成了硅芴与芴的共聚物。系统研究了该新型共轭聚合物的溶解性、热稳定性、电化学性能、光物理性能和电致发光性能等。研究发现,无规嵌入少量具有高能隙、低LUMO能量的硅芴单元到聚芴主链中可有效调控聚合物的光电性能。     

基于MCzHQZn的有机电致发光器件

通过结构为ITO/2T-NATA(20nm/NPBx(20nm)/MCzHQZn(30nm)/BCP(10nm)/Alq3(20nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al、ITO/2T-NATA(30nm/MCzHQZn(30nm)/BCP(10nm)/Alq3(30nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al和ITO/2T-NATA(20nm/MCzHQZn(30nm)/NPBx(16nm)/BCP(10nm)/Alq3(25nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al的3组有机电致发光器件(OLED),证明了MCzHQZn既具有空穴传输特性,又具有较好的发光特性。MCzHQZn在器件1中作发光层,器件最大亮度在电压16V时达到3692cd/m2,电压13V时的最大效率为0.90cd/A,发光的峰值波长为564nm;MCzHQZn在器件2中既作发光层又作空穴传输层,器件最大亮度在电压为13V时达到1929cd/m2,电压12V时的最大效率为0.57cd/A,发光的峰值波长也为564nm;MCzHQZn在器件3中作空穴传输层,由NPBx作发光层,器件最大亮度在电压为14V时达到3556cd/m2,电压9V时的最大效率为1.08cd/A,发光的峰值波长为444nm。     

9位芘和长链烷氧基苯取代的三联芴

采用Suzuki偶联反应制备了9位芘和长链烷氧基苯取代的三联芴ATF。热分析结果显示ATF具有良好的热稳定性,其热分解温度为430℃,玻璃化转变温度高达155℃。芘在芴9位的非共轭取代并没有改变共轭三联芴的高效率蓝光发射特点,但ATF的HOMO能级得以明显提高,这意味着空穴注入性能有明显的提高。ATF既可以采用真空蒸镀,又可以采用溶液旋涂的方法制备电致发光器件,旋涂器件（ITO/PEDOT：PSS（40nm）／ATF（100nm）／Ba／Al）的启动电压为7V,最大外量子效率为0．62。     

基于BTHQZn的黄色有机电致发光器件

通过研究新型荧光材料2-(2-溴-5-乙烯-噻吩)-8-羟基喹啉锌(BTHQZn)的电致发光特性,发现BTHQZn具有良好的电致发光特性和空穴传输特性,利用此特性制备了掺杂型有机电致黄光器件,结构为ITO/2T-NATA(30nm)/CBP∶5%Ir(ppy)3∶10%BTHQZn(20nm)/Alq3(50nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al,器件在12V时实现了黄绿光发射,最大发光亮度为4552cd/m2,色坐标为(0.3954,0.4976),在11V电压下的最大发光效率为2.82cd/A。     

新型含硒杂环红光聚芴电解质的电致发光器件制备和研究

利用新型的聚[9,9-二辛基芴-9,9-(双(3′-(N,N-二甲基)-N-乙基铵 溴-)丙基)芴-4,7-二噻吩-2-基-2,1,3-苯并硒二唑](PFNBr-DBSe)共扼聚电解质制备了聚合物发光二极管。这类共扼聚电解质可用乙醇等溶剂成膜,不仅可代替传统的甲苯等芳香性非极性溶剂,而且有利于制备溶液型的多层显示器件。文章研究了这类新型聚电解质的光致发光特性及发光二极管器件的电荧光特性。研究表明在紫外光照射或电激发下,窄带系的DBSe链段通过俘获激子能够实现有效的能量转移。聚电解质中DBSe的含量在5%以上,其器件具有电致发光峰值为700~740nm的饱和红光发射。所制聚电解质器件在用铝作电极时的电致发光效率比用钡作电极时要高。     

以新型芴衍生物为发光层的深蓝色叠层电致发光器件

以新型含氟三联芴(TPFF)作发光层,获得了深蓝色叠层有机电致发光器件.器件的电荷产生层由Li掺杂的电子注入层和高透明的WO3组成.研究发现叠层器件性能与单发光单元器件相比较,其亮度及效率均有大幅提高,叠层器件的最大电流效率达到了2.08 cd/A,器件的CIE色坐标为(0.156,0.078),在相同的电流密度下,叠层器件的效率约为传统器件的2.1倍,同时叠层结构也显著改善了器件的流明效率,在高亮度的情况下,叠层器件的流明效率显著高于传统器件.可见,采用叠层结构是制备高亮度高效率的深蓝色有机发光器件的一种有效方法.     

NPB蓝色有机电致发光器件的性能优化研究

基于结构为ITO/NPB/BCP/Alq3/Mg:Ag的NPB(N,N’-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N’-diphenyl-1,1’-biphenyl-4,4’-diamine)蓝色有机电致发光器件,利用Alq3的空穴阻挡能力及高的荧光效率优化了器件结构。具有不同厚度Alq3空穴阻挡层的器件性能测试结果表明,Alq3对器件发光亮度影响明显,选择适当的Alq3厚度可使得器件的发光亮度提高大约两倍。电致发光光谱测试结果表明,器件的发光基本来自NPB的蓝色发光,而Alq3扮演了辅助发光层的作用。     

有机电致发光显示技术的发展与展望

有机电致发光显示技术是近年内出现的新型显示技术,本文在对有机发光显示发展的历史、工作机理、结构类型简要介绍的基础上,着重论述它的材料与结构方面的发展及现状,并展望其器件的发展方向及市场占有.     

基于CzHQZn发光的白光有机电致发光器件

利用一种新材料(E)-2-(2-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)vinyl)quinolato-Zinc(CzHQZn)作空穴传输层和发光层制备了白光有机电致发光器件(WOLED),器件的结构为indium-tin oxide(ITO)/4,4′,4′′-{N,-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino}-triphenylamine(2T-NATA)(22 nm)/CzHQZn(xnm)/N,N′-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine(NPBX)(ynm)/2,9-dimethyl,-4,7-diaphenyl,1,10-phenanthroline(BCP)(10nm)/tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum(Alq3)(68-x-ynm)/LiF(0.5 nm)/Al。研究发现发光层CzHQZn和NPBX的厚度对器件的发光性能有较大的影响。当CzHQZn厚度x为22 nm、NPBX厚度y为8 mm时,得到了色度最好和效率最大的WOLED,最大电流效率为0.9 cd/A(at ...     

倒置型PLED的电致发光特性研究

提出一种以聚合物MEH PPV为发光材料,结构为Al/MEH PPV/CuPC/ITO的倒置型发光器件(I PLED)。对既是空穴传输层又是轰击缓冲层的CuPC厚度以及MEH PPV的浓度对器件性能影响的分析发现,在实验条件下,最佳的CuPC厚度约为3.5nm,最佳的MEH PPV浓度约为3‰;采用小分子染料红莫稀(Rubrene)对聚合物发光材料MEH PPV掺杂发现,器件的亮度从未掺杂的40 4cd·m2提高到掺杂后的207.7cd/m2,其发光峰从未掺杂的624nm蓝移到掺杂后的592nm,但其I V特性并没有明显的变化。     

Synthesis,Structure, Electronic State,and Luminescent Properties of Novel Blue‐Light‐Emitting Aryl‐Substituted 9,9‐Di(4‐(di‐p‐tolyl)aminophenyl)fluorenes

Novel blue‐light‐emitting fluorene derivatives 5a–c and 7a–c containing bulky and highly emissive groups, namely pyrene, 10‐phenylanthracene‐9‐yl and 10‐(4′‐diphenylaminophenyl)anthracene‐9‐yl groups, as well as hole‐injecting/transporting triarylamines were synthesized. Single crystals of compounds 5a , 5c , 7a , and 7c were grown and their crystal structures were determined by X‐ray diffraction. The four fluorene derivatives have nonplanar molecular structures, which reduce the intermolecular interaction and the likelihood of molecular aggregation or excimer formation. No unwanted long‐wavelength emission was observed in the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the 5a–c and 7a–c thin films. Their PL spectra reveal excellent thermal stability after annealing treatment under air and ambient light. All of the six compounds show high fluorescence quantum yields and outstanding thermal stabilities. The 2‐aryl and 2,7‐diaryl substituents at the fluorene molecule have a significant effect on the photophysical properties and the thermal characteristics. The six compounds show almost the same energy levels for the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) of about ?5.20 eV, which allows effective hole injection. The C2‐ and C7‐aryl substituents play a relatively less‐important role in the HOMO energy levels, which depend mainly on the triphenylamino groups at the C9 position. The molecular orbitals, excitation energy, and emission energy were calculated to explain the real origin of their photophysical characteristics. The HOMOs are mainly localized on the triphenylamino groups at the C9 position, while the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) have a significant orbital density at the C2‐ and/or C7‐aryl substituents. Pure‐blue‐light‐emitting diodes based on 2,7‐diaryl‐9,9‐di(triarylamino)fluorenes were fabricated.     

双空穴注入层对有机电致蓝光器件性能的改善

CuI/CuPc被采用作为有机电致蓝光CBP:BCzVBi器件 的双空穴注入层。采用双空穴注入层后使得CBP:BCzVBi蓝光器件的启亮电压降低至 3.4 V,较采用CuPc单空穴注入层的CBP:BCzVBi蓝光器件低0.4 V。在驱动电流20 mA/cm²的情况下,与单空穴注入层器件 相比,采用该双空穴注入层结构使得器件电流效率提升约19%,亮度 增加约17%,驱动电压降低0.9 V。采用Fowler -Nordheim (F-N)隧穿注入理论对器件空穴注入电流的影响因素进行了分析,发现双空穴 注入层形成的能级台阶可以有效地改善发光器件的空穴注入效率,进而起到改善器件发光电 流效率和降低驱动电压的目的。     

由OLED和复合光探测器构成的新型光耦合器

对以Al/Alq3/TPD/ITO/玻璃结构的有机/聚合物发光二极管(OLED)为发光器件,以光电二极管和双极晶体管构成的复合光探测器为光接收器件组成的光耦合器进行了实验研究.通过改变OLED上的偏压,获得光耦合器输出特性相应的变化.对实验结果进行了分析讨论.     

Dependence of Light‐Emitting Characteristics of Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes on Electron Injection and Transport Materials

We investigate the light‐emitting performances of blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) with three different electron injection and transport materials, that is, bathocuproine(2,9‐dimethyl‐4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline) (Bphen), 1,3,5‐tri(m‐pyrid‐3‐yl‐phenyl)benzene (Tm3PyPB), and 2,6‐bis(3‐(carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)pyridine (26DCzPPy), which are partially doped with cesium metal. We find that the device characteristics are very dependent on the nature of the introduced electron injection layer (EIL) and electron transporting layer (ETL). When the appropriate EIL and ETL are combined, the peak external quantum efficiency and peak power efficiency improve up to 20.7% and 45.6 lm/W, respectively. Moreover, this blue PHOLED even maintains high external quantum efficiency of 19.6% and 16.9% at a luminance of 1,000 cd/m² and 10,000 cd/m², respectively.     

Stable and Efficient White Electroluminescent Devices Based on a Single Emitting Layer of Polymer Blends

An efficient orange‐light‐emitting polymer (PFTO‐BSeD5) has been developed through the incorporation of low‐bandgap benzoselenadiazole (BSeD) moieties into the backbone of a blue‐light‐emitting polyfluorene copolymer (PFTO poly{[9,9‐bis(4‐(5‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐[1,3,4]‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)phenyl)‐9′,9′‐di‐n‐octyl‐[2,2′]‐bifluoren‐7,7′‐diyl]‐stat‐[9,9‐bis(4‐(N,N‐di(4‐n‐butylphenyl)amino)phenyl)‐9′,9′‐di‐n‐octyl‐[2,2′]‐bifluoren‐7,7′‐diyl]}) that contains hole‐transporting triphenylamine and electron‐transporting oxadiazole pendent groups. A polymer light‐emitting device based on this copolymer exhibits a strong, bright‐orange emission with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates (0.45,0.52). The maximum brightness is 13 716 cd m^–2 and the maximum luminance efficiency is 5.53 cd A^–1. The use of blends of PFTO‐BSeD5 in PFTO leads to efficient and stable white‐light‐emitting diodes—at a doping concentration of 9 wt %, the device reaches its maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.64 % (4.08 cd A^–1). The emission color remains almost unchanged under different bias conditions: the CIE coordinates are (0.32,0.33) at 11.0 V (2.54 mA cm^–2, 102 cd m^–2) and (0.31,0.33) at 21.0 V (281 mA cm^–2, 7328 cd m^–2). These values are very close to the ideal CIE chromaticity coordinates for a pure white color (0.33,0.33).     

Novel Heterolayer Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on a Conjugated Dendrimer

We demonstrate a novel organic light‐emitting diode (LED) heterolayer structure that contains a conjugated dendrimer as the light‐emitting molecule. The LED was prepared by spin‐coating two dendrimer layers from the same solvent. The device consists of a graded bilayer structure formed from a neat dendrimer film covered with a film consisting of the same dendrimer but doped with the electron‐transporting material 2‐(4‐biphenylyl)‐5‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (PBD). In this device, the heterojunction interface present in conventional bilayer organic light‐emitting diodes is eliminated, and is replaced by a graded interlayer. By optimizing the concentration of PBD in the dendrimer, a peak electroluminescence (EL) external quantum efficiency of 0.16 % at 600 cd m^–2 was obtained. The EL quantum efficiency is significantly enhanced in comparison with devices based on a single layer, a conventional bilayer, and a single‐layer doped with PBD. The EL quantum efficiency is a factor of eight larger than that of a conventional bilayer LED made with the conjugated dendrimer as the emissive layer and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) doped with PBD as the electron‐transporting layer. The best blended device exhibited only one third of the efficiency of the graded device. The improvement in the operating characteristics of the graded device is attributed to the efficient device structure, in which exciton formation is improved by a graded doping profile of electron‐ and hole‐transporting components.     

Polymer Solar Cells Based on a Low‐Bandgap Fluorene Copolymer and a Fullerene Derivative with Photocurrent Extended to 850 nm

Polymer solar cells have been fabricated from a recently synthesized low band‐gap alternating polyfluorene copolymer, APFO‐Green2, combined with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C₆₁‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) from organic solutions. External quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of the solar cells show an onset at 850 nm and a peak of > 10 % located at 650 nm, which corresponds to the extended absorption spectrum of the polymer. Photocurrent of 3.0 mA cm^–2, photovoltage of 0.78 V, and power conversion efficiency of 0.9 % have been achieved in solar cells based on this new low‐bandgap polymer under the illumination of air mass 1.5 (AM 1.5) (1000 W m^–2) from a solar simulator.     

Control of the Surface Composition of a Conducting‐Polymer Complex Film to Tune the Work Function

Control of surface composition of a hole‐injecting conducting polymer complex, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxy thiophene) (PEDOT) doped with a polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) has been conducted in the spin‐cast films. We found that the work function of the polymeric complex films formed via single spin‐coating can be greatly increased up to 5.44 eV by increasing the surface concentration of the PSS dopant. As a result, we improved the device efficiency and the lifetime of green emitting polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs). This implies that the PSS surface layer of the films spin‐cast from the conducting polymer complexes plays a key role in making high performance PLEDs.