钢筋混凝土柱在冲击荷载作用下破坏模式的研究

推导了钢筋混凝土柱在冲击荷载作用下弯曲型变形与直剪型变形两种单自由度模型动力反应计算公式,并尝试将构件几何尺寸、材料力学性能以及冲击荷载都作为随机变量,考虑荷载不同持时及不同峰值,用打靶法计算了一个实例构件在瞬时冲击荷载作用下的破坏概率,为初步判断构件的破坏模式提供依据。计算结果表明荷载持时与峰值是决定结构构件破坏模式的重要因素。     

预压低碳钢和不锈钢空心钢管与钢管混凝土柱的冲击性能

研究受静力横向荷载和预压轴向冲击荷载下低碳钢和不锈钢空心钢管与钢管混凝土柱的性能。在柱中部或1/4处施加横向荷载。近来,在University of Western Sydney和University of Wollongong进行了3组试验,获得了受横向静力荷载和预压或无预压冲击荷载下的低碳钢和不锈钢空心钢管与钢管混凝土柱的性能。介绍关于对柱施加轴向和横向荷载的第三组试验的试验结果。研究静力和冲击荷载下低碳钢和不锈钢空心钢管与钢管混凝土柱的有限元建模方法。使用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立一个包括非线性材料性能、钢的加强角性能和预压荷载三维的非线性有限元模型,从而模拟静力和冲击试验。研究主要目的是比较低碳钢和不锈钢空心钢管与钢管混凝土柱性能的试验结果和数值结果。此外,比较冲击荷载下内填钢管和空心钢管的性能。荷载-挠度响应和极限强度的试验结果与有限元结果较为一致。同时,比较静力和冲击荷载下空心与不锈钢钢管混凝土柱和空心与低碳钢钢管混凝土柱的结果。一般来讲,与低碳钢试验构件相比,不锈钢试验构件的强度更高,耗能能力更好。     

冲击荷载下钢管混凝土构件与钢构件性能比较

通过两组试验，一组是在侧向冲击荷载下，另一组是在轴向冲击荷载下，对钢管混凝土构件和钢构件在冲击荷载下的变形和冲击力峰值进行了对比分析和研究，指出钢管混凝土构件与钢构件相比不仅在静力方面有很大的优势，而且在动力方面尤其是在冲击作用下表现出更大的优势。     

内置CFRP型材方钢管混凝土构件抗侧向冲击性能有限元分析

采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,研究内置工字形CFRP型材方钢管混凝土构件在侧向冲击荷载作用下的受力性能.通过考虑动态响应下材料的应变率效应来计算材料强度,并建立有限元模型对冲击全过程、应力-应变关系以及构件的耗能状态进行研究.通过变换冲击能量、含钢率、剪跨比和材料强度等条件,对构件抗冲击性能进行参数分析.研究结果表明...     

横向荷载下中空、混凝土填充和不锈钢钢管柱的设计

已有学者从试验和理论的角度对横向荷载作用下中空和混凝土填充的冷弯薄壁钢管构件的性能进行分析。这些构件轴向受约束,而且其端部不能转动。研究内容包括相同的试验条件尺寸相同的不锈钢钢管构件。比较了两种不同材料的性能。通过数值分析模拟了钢管柱和不锈钢钢管柱、中空和混凝土填充钢管柱。有限元模拟证实了试验结果,也得出了此类构件作为柱或者其他轴向承载构件的一般性能。研究了轴向预加荷载、构件端部转动约束、轴向约束、金属材料特性和混凝土填充材料等因素的影响。特别地,研究了这些因素对构件吸收横向冲击能量的影响。提出了横向作用力下中空或者混凝土填充金属管状构件通用的设计程序。     

轴向反复荷载作用下圆钢管混凝土柱的受力性能研究

采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了圆钢管混凝土柱有限元模型,研究了钢管及核心混凝土的应力分布情况和破坏发展进程,分析了柱在轴向拉压反复荷载作用下的受力性能,探讨了不同材料强度、径厚比等因素对构件受力性能的影响规律。研究表明:圆钢管混凝土柱具有较好的弹塑性变形能力和耗能能力,轴向抗震性能较好;材料强度对轴向承载力影响较大,径厚比对轴向承载力和刚度均有较大影响。     

空腹钢柱极限承载力与抗震性能试验研究

通过对空腹钢柱在竖向荷载、水平荷载作用下的构件试验,研究了空腹钢柱的承载力性能;通过对有上柱的空腹钢柱以及完全空腹钢柱在低周反复荷载作用下的构件试验,研究了空腹钢柱的滞回性能及抗震性能。试验结果表明:空腹钢柱具有较高的竖向及水平承载能力,在水平荷载作用下具有较强的抵御水平变形的能力,且其对竖向荷载的P-Δ效应反应不明显。同时,构件具有良好的耗能性能。     

钢管混凝土结构构件在轴向冲击下的变形研究

通过对不同含钢率的钢管混凝土短柱进行冲击试验,研究其在冲击荷载作用下试件轴向、径向变形与冲击能量的关系,从而更好的了解了钢管混凝土的结构性能,保证工程构件的安全。     

冲击荷载下钢管混凝土桩林动力性能试验研究

为有效地抵抗泥石流大块石冲击,提出了一种钢管混凝土桩林拦挡坝。为了研究该结构在冲击荷载作用下的动力性能,对其进行了考虑多工况的冲击荷载作用的试验研究。通过分析结构的应变、位移和加速度,总结了结构的响应模式,并与数值模拟进行对比。结果表明,结构的典型响应模式可以概括为以下几种:构件轻微损伤、构件局部破坏、连接节点破坏;随着冲击能量和冲击高度的增加,结构的应变和位移均增大;结构的加速度随冲击高度的增加而增大,而随冲击物质量的增加而减小;整个冲击过程从冲击区响应至整体结构响应耗时很短,约为0.6ms;桩管受冲击时结构能发挥良好的整体耗能作用,而撑管受冲击时整体结构耗能作用不明显;试验结果与数值模拟吻合较好;钢管混凝土桩林具有良好的抗冲击性能。     

冲击荷载作用后圆钢管柱抗震性能与恢复力模型研究

为研究冲击荷载作用后圆钢管柱的抗震性能,对12个受冲击荷载作用后的圆钢管柱和3个未受冲击荷载作用的对比柱进行了拟静力试验,研究了冲击高度和轴压比等因素对圆钢管柱破坏模式、滞回性能、延性、刚度退化和耗能能力的影响。基于拟静力试验结果,建立了考虑冲击高度和轴压比参数影响的圆钢管柱恢复力模型。结果表明：冲击高度和轴压比对圆钢管柱的滞回性能均有显著影响,随着冲击高度的增加,滞回曲线由饱满对称的梭形逐渐变为狭窄不对称的梭形,圆钢管柱水平承载力和变形能力逐渐下降,延性和耗能能力显著下降;随着轴压比的增长,滞回曲线的饱满程度显著降低,圆钢管柱承载力和极限位移减小,延性和耗能能力显著降低;受冲击荷载作用后的圆钢管柱恢复力模型计算结果与试验数据吻合良好,可用于工程结构的抗震弹塑性分析。     

A numerical study of the influence of bump type triggers on the axial crushing of top hat thin-walled sections

This paper deals with the issue of a trigger design and its performance. In this respect, a numerical investigation is carried out to study the effects of the geometrical features of a bump type trigger on the crush behavior of an energy absorbing member subjected to axial impact loading. The member was constructed by joining a top hat profile with a flat lid. The trigger was considered to be a bump with a semi-circular cross section on the hat profile. The finite element solver, LS-DYNA was used in all crush simulations. As a result, the introduction of the trigger was found to be effective on the peak crush force and the energy absorption capability of the member under axial impact loading. It was also shown that the crush response could be controlled by varying the location and the geometry of the trigger.     

Effect of the cross-sectional shape of hat-type cross-sections on crash resistance of an “S”-frame

This paper addresses a design aspect of a front side rail structure of an automobile body from the point of view of weight efficiency and crush energy absorption. Various orientations of the cross-section and ways of reinforcing the cross-section by an internal stiffening member are investigated. The specific energy absorption (i.e. energy absorption per unit weight) is taken as a measure of the performance of a structure. Also the advantages of reinforcing the side rail by means of aluminum foam filling are assessed. It is shown through extensive numerical simulation using nonlinear finite element code PAM–CRASH, that the model with a diagonally positioned internal stiffener and suitable triggering dents can absorb up to 200% more energy than the typical double-hat/double-cell profile member. At the same time there is a 3 fold increase in the specific energy absorption. By using the concept of aluminum foam-filling with 3 MPa foam, the specific energy absorption increases by a factor of 2.84.     

公路设置驼峰式减速带的实际效用研究

通过问卷调查得知,驾驶员认为驼峰式减速带造成车辆减速的效果最明显,但是驼峰式减速带会影响驾驶员和乘客的舒适性,基于这个背景,针对公路上已有驼峰式减速带进行了研究,提出了一个评价驼峰式减速带实际功效的方法。     

Experimental investigations on the crush behaviour of AA6061-T6 aluminum square tubes with different types of through-hole discontinuities

An experimental investigation was conducted to compare the crush characteristics and energy absorption capacity of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy extrusions with centrally located through-hole discontinuities. Three different types of geometrical discontinuities, namely, circular, slotted and elliptical holes were fabricated into AA6061-T6 extrusions which had a length of 200 mm, nominal side width of 38.1 mm and wall thickness of 3.15 mm. Furthermore, three different major axis lengths (7.14, 10.72, and 14.29 mm) and three different aspect ratios (1.33, 2.0, and 3.0) of the slotted and elliptical discontinuities were considered. It was found that by introducing crush initiators into the structural members, a splitting and cutting deformation mode was generated rather than global bending deformation which was observed for specimens without any discontinuities. The peak crush load was reduced by incorporating the through-hole crush initiators within a range of 5.2–18.7%, and total energy absorption was increased within a range of 26.6–74.6%. The most significant improvement was noted in the crush force efficiency, which was increased within the range of 54.5–95.8%. For specimens with discontinuities which had a major axis length of 7.14 mm the peak crush load and total energy absorption was independent of initiator geometry and aspect ratio. However, for specimens which had discontinuities with a major axis length of 10.72 and 14.29 mm and an aspect ratio of 3, a geometrical influence on the peak crush load and total energy absorption was apparent.     

Design of thin wall structures for energy absorption applications: Enhancement of crashworthiness due to axial and oblique impact forces

This paper describes a computationally aided design process of a thin wall structure subject to dynamic compression in both axial and oblique directions. Several different cross sectional shapes of thin walled structures subjected to direct and oblique loads were compared initially to obtain the cross section that fulfills the performance criteria. The selection was based on multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) process. The performance parameters used are the absorbed crash energy, crush force efficiency, ease of manufacture and cost. Once the cross section was selected, the design was further enhanced for better crash performances by investigating the effect of foam filling, increasing the wall thickness and by introducing a trigger mechanism. The outcome of the design process was very encouraging as the new design was able to improve the crash performance by an average of 10%.     

浅谈级配碎石自动化生产线的改进

对秦沈客运专线级配碎石自动化生产线进行了分析和总结,提出了级配 碎石生产设备中存在的一些问题,需进一步改进,如：设备的匹配问题,设备制造问题,设备安装中存在的问题,级配碎石含水量的控制问题等,通过生产和施工实施,体会到级配碎石自动化生产线的配置将直接影响到企业的经济和社会效益。     

网架结构安装应力的影响机理

为研究网架结构杆件安装应力的分布特征,对跨度为4、5、6 m各3个,共9个网架模型进行了安装应力试验测量。为说明安装应力对网架极限承载力的影响,对跨度6 m的试验模型进行了极限承载力试验,并将结果与基于理想弹塑性、马歇尔压杆模型的Abaqus非线性分析结果进行了对比。安装应力测量结果表明：少数杆件安装应力接近甚至超过稳定应力。承载力对比表明：试验承载力比理论承载力下降了17.9%,结构安全储备仅为1.25。安装应力通过破坏结构原有对称性、产生杆件初弯曲、促使压杆提前失稳等方式影响网架结构性能,危害网架结构的安全。网架设计特别是满应力设计应当充分考虑安装应力的不利影响。     

曲柱式框架墩构件类型的选择

通过对某轻轨高架桥曲柱式框架墩的力学性能分析,根据相关混凝土结构设计原理,对帽梁中间部分、帽梁悬臂部分、曲柱墩等构件的受力进行了分析,提出了各构件建议采用的构件类型,并对其配筋细节进行了说明,指出设计者应根据具体情况确定采用的构件类型。     

简述高速公路桥头跳车的因素和处理方法

简述桥头跳车的厚因及其对行车速度的影响，并从理论与施工两方面入手探讨了解决高速公路桥头跳车的方法，分别介绍了路基、台背、路面三个关键部应的处理方法．以期指导实践，避免桥头跳车问题的产生。     

压型钢板组合箱型截面翼边板焊点间距的确定与应用

广州新白云机杨航站楼屋盖采用两个帽形冷弯型钢通过翼边板上纵向点焊形成组合箱形截面受弯构件 .根据组合截面在均布荷载作用下的简支梁跨中截面抗弯、支座截面抗剪的受力分析 ,给出了组合截面翼边板上焊点间距的取值 ,可供实际工程参考