复混(合)肥各种生产工艺评述及若干新工艺技术动态

在全球进入低碳经济的大背景下,在复混(合)肥产品竞争日趋激烈的大环境下,复混(合)肥企业应该通过自主创新,实现一机多用、产品多元化、能源高利用、废物少排。该文就目前国内主要复混(合)肥生产工艺的优缺点及技改方向做简要点评,同时介绍国内部分企业复混(合)肥工艺和产品的创新经验。     

我国中小复混(合)肥企业发展前景浅析

近年来,我国复混(合)肥行业发展迅速,成效显著,目前国家质检总局颁发的复混(合)肥生产许可证企业已有4400多家,总产能超过了200Mt/a,但在这些企业中大型的具有竞争力的企业较少,中小型企业占绝大多数,而且有近70%的产能闲置.这种结构不合理的现象导致了我国复混(合)肥行业呈现出产能过剩,市场秩序较为混乱,大企业发展受阻的问题.努力改变这种现象,提升中小企业的竞争力,使其做大做强,这是改善目前我国复混(合)肥行业现状的必然之路.为此,笔者分析了国内复混(合)肥产业发展形势,找出了我国中小复混(合)肥企业发展中的问题与不足,提出了如何做好企业规划及加快企业发展的对策与建议.     

氯磷氨的肥效与施用技术研究

随着农业生产的发展,生产各种规格,各种型号的复(混)合肥料已成为化工战线的紧迫任务。本文介绍了以农用氯化铵为氮素原料所生产的氯磷铵复合肥,关于氯离子对复(混)肥品质的影响。氯离子对作物吸收NPK养分的影响,以及含氯复(混)肥的施用技术进行了研究。     

复合肥生产中的过渡产品问题及解决办法

在复合肥的生产中都存在转换产品的问题 ,或由高浓产品向低浓产品转换 ,或由低浓产品向高浓产品转换 ,中间往往有 30～ 5 0吨 (随装置能力大小而有变化 )的过渡产品 ,这部分产品的养分高于转产中低浓产品的养分而低于高浓产品的养分。即使是同样浓度的产品 ,只要是品种发生改变也会有过渡产品的问题 ,比如生产最多的 2 5 %低浓产品就有 15 5 5和 12 5 8品种 ,这 2个品种之间进行转换的时候 ,虽然总养分不变 ,但总氮 (N)和钾 (K2 O)变动 3% ,而根据国家标准 (GB15 0 6 3- 2 0 0 1)规定 :复合 (混 )肥产品的单养分测定值与标明值负偏差不大…     

回转筛筛网刷辊清理装置在复混(合)肥生产中的应用

回转筛因其所占空间小、筛分面积大而被复混(合)肥料生产厂家普遍选用。由于复混(合)肥料生产过程中的不规则粒料及粉状物料吸潮后易卡、粘附在筛网上,造成网孔堵塞,筛分面积减少,直接影响肥料产品质量及加工成本。     

复混（合）肥结块率的快速测定方法

阐述复混(合)肥结块的影响因素,介绍快速结块率的实验机和利用该实验机测定复混(合)肥结块率的操作条件。     

复混(合)肥配方软件设计原理和方法

介绍研制各种复混(合)肥配方软件的参数设计和软件运行流程及应用方法。以上软件适合复混(合)肥厂和BB肥配肥站使用。     

腐植酸系列专用复肥在菜心上的应用与效应研究

随着生产和科学技术的发展,作为一种融技术于产品之中和推广应用平衡施肥的一种有效手段的专用复(混)肥,已在我国普及应用,并取得了巨大的效益,在此基础上的有机——无机型专用复(混)肥,已成为当今生产和技术发展的必然和方向,研制和开发多功能型腐植酸专用复(混)肥是发展有机——无机型专用复(混)肥的一个重要途径。为了探索适合我国南方土壤、气候和农业种植特点的多功能腐植酸专用复(混)肥,为其开发     

山东复混肥打假出重拳

近年来，山东临沭的复混(合)肥行业发展迅速，效益显著，已经成为全国最大的复混(合)肥基地。不过，在发展的过程中，一些不法分子．也借机造假，严重影响了该县在该行业的声誉，去年年初该县肥料生产被确定为全国重点整治区域，给该县的经济发展蒙上了阴影。     

《有机—无机复混肥料》国家标准简介

1　标准制定的意义有机—无机复混肥料是指在无机复混肥料中加入大量的有机质形成的产品。有机肥料肥效缓长 ,具有改良土壤作用 ,但不能满足高产作物的养分需要 ,而化学肥料肥效快而猛 ,但又会因施用不当而引起土壤酸化、板结和有机质含量下降等问题。因此 ,按现代社会发展的商品化、社会化要求 ,用工厂化途径生产有机—无机复混 (合 )肥 ,克服传统有机肥水分多、养分浓度低、速效差、有臭味、储藏运输和使用均不方便等问题 ,走有机—无机相结合、平衡施肥的道路 ,提高肥料的利用率、减少养分损失 ,这将对农业生产的持续低耗发展有着积极重…     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.