全桥LLC电路时域模型及其分析

传统LLC电路分析基于频域分析方法,采用只考虑基波分量的基波近似法(FHA)进行等效。传统分析方法忽略了高次谐波对功率转换的影响,是对谐振变换的一种近似,而不是准确模型。根据全桥LLC电路实际电压、电流波形,首先给出了LLC谐振变换器全时域的分析方法及步骤,列出了非线性时域方程组。然后基于时域方程绘制了包含全部信息的增益曲线,分析LLC电路整个工作频段的增益,并与FHA进行了比较。最后,在20kW电动汽车充电模块电路上对所述时域模型和增益分析进行了实验验证。     

频域逼近优化的开关电流电路小波变换方法

提出了一种频域逼近优化的开关电流电路小波变换方法。利用小波函数幅度响应和相位响应信息,并考虑滤波器稳定性,设计小波基滤波器频域逼近优化模型,模型可采用常规优化算法求解。基于第二代开关电流积分器电路,构造一阶节和双二阶节基本电路模块。以五阶高斯小波基为例进行优化逼近,对逼近获得的小波基滤波器传递函数进行级联分解,并采用开关电流基本电路模块进行小波基电路综合。分析表明,五阶高斯小波逼近时域均方误差仅为2.883×10-4,频域均方误差仅为5.061×10-4。仿真结果表明,电路具有逼近效果好、小波尺度可调谐、电路灵敏度低等特点。     

Positive‐real property of passive fractional circuits in W‐domain

Fractional circuits have attracted extensive attention of scholars and researchers for their superior performance and potential applications. Fractional circuits constitute a new challenge for the analysis and synthesis methods of traditional circuits theory. Passivity is the fundamental property of traditional circuits (integer order electric circuits). As is known to all, passivity is equivalent to positive realness in traditional linear circuits. However, this equivalence is broken down by introducing fractional elements into electrical networks in s‐domain. To address this issue, on the basis of s‐W transformation, we study the passive criteria of fractional circuits with rational order elements in this paper. Definitions of positive‐real (matrix) function in W‐domain are given, and the equivalence conditions of positive realness are derived. In addition, a conclusion is proposed in which the immittance (matrix) function of passive fractional circuits with rational order elements is positive real in W‐domain. The applications of passive criteria in circuit synthesis are shown.     

Multivariate theory‐based passivity criteria for linear fractional networks

In traditional linear network theory, the positive‐real (PR) criteria are widely used to judge the passivity of elements and networks in the light of the fact that there exists an equivalent relationship between the passivity and the PR property of their immittance functions (matrices). However, the equivalence will no longer hold when the fractional elements are introduced into the network, and the PR criteria are not suitable in complex frequency domain anymore. On the other hand, the rapid development of fractional‐order circuits and systems and the corresponding study in fractional circuit analysis and designs put forward an urgent requirement for the passivity criterion, which can tackle linear fractional networks. Hence, in this paper, we propose new passivity criteria for linear fractional networks by aid of generalized Tellegen's theorem and multivariable PR theory. By using the proposed criteria, the passivity of linear fractional networks can be judged, and the steps of the proposed criterion are illustrated by examples.     

An algorithm for direct identification of passive transfer matrices with positive real fractions via convex programming

The paper presents a new algorithm for the identification of a positive real rational transfer matrix of a multi‐input–multi‐output system from frequency domain data samples. It is based on the combination of least‐squares pole identification by the Vector Fitting algorithm and residue identification based on frequency‐independent passivity constraints by convex programming. Such an approach enables the identification of a priori guaranteed passive lumped models, so avoids the passivity check and subsequent (perturbative) passivity enforcement as required by most of the other available algorithms. As a case study, the algorithm is successfully applied to the macro‐modeling of a twisted cable pair, and the results compared with a passive identification performed with an algorithm based on quadratic programming (QPpassive), highlighting the advantages of the proposed formulation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A vectorized multiscale compressed decomposition‐based solver for partial element equivalent circuit method

The high level of integration has made the analysis and design of integrated circuits and packages increasingly challenging. Hence, there exists an urgent need to reduce the computational complexity of existing numerical methods. The integral equation‐based method known as the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method naturally generates an equivalent circuit that can be analyzed in both the time and frequency domains. The enforcement of Kirchhoff laws to the equivalent circuit may easily result into a very large set of equations whose solution can be extremely time‐consuming. In this paper, we propose a vectorized version, over the frequency sweep, of the adaptive cross approximation algorithm. Furthermore, the multiscale block decomposition is applied to the PEEC method, powered by a vectorization strategy and an efficient management of the random access memory. It is found that the proposed use of vectorization and compression techniques in the framework of the multiscale block decomposition results in a significant computational speedup of the frequency‐domain analysis of PEEC models. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method are demonstrated through its application to two pertinent problems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

静止无功发生器的建模

在原先提出的一种新的开关函数正负半波分解方法的基础上,利用等效开关函数的概念,使得在上下电容电压相等的条件下,开关函数仍具有统一的表现形式,简化了静止无功发生器(SVG)的建模.推导出了SVG的时域模型,并在频域内获得了SVG输出有功电流、无功电流和直流电容电压的响应时间与SVG参数间的关系,并得到了仿真结果的验证.     

Output feedback stabilizability and passivity in nonstationary and nonlinear systems

Passivity properties and passivity conditions have been shown to be very important for the stability of various methodologies of control with uncertainty in linear‐time‐invariant (LTI) systems. Many publications have defined the conditions that allow LTI systems to become strictly passive (and their transfer function strictly positive real) via constant or dynamic output feedback. As beyond the usual uncertainty, real‐world systems are not necessarily invariant, this paper expands the applicability of previous results to nonstationary and nonlinear systems. The paper first reviews a few pole–zero dynamics definitions in nonstationary systems and relates them to stability and passivity of the systems. The paper then finds the sufficient conditions that allow nonstationary systems to become stable and strictly passive via static or dynamic output feedback. Applications in robotics and adaptive control are also presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fundamentals of fractional‐order LTI circuits and systems: number of poles,stability, time and frequency responses

This paper investigates some basic concepts of fractional‐order linear time invariant systems related to their physical and non‐physical transfer functions, poles, stability, time domain, frequency domain, and their relationships for different fractional‐order differential equations. The analytical formula that calculates the number of poles in physical and non‐physical s‐plane for different orders is achieved and verified using many practical examples. The stability contour versus the number of poles in the physical s‐plane for different fractional‐order systems is discussed in addition to the effect of the non‐physical poles on the steady state responses. Moreover, time domain responses based on Mittag‐Leffler functions for both physical and non‐physical transfer functions are discussed for different cases, which confirm the stability analysis. Many fractional‐order linear time invariant systems based on fractional‐order differential equations have been discussed numerically in both time and frequency domains to validate the previous fundamentals. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Simple and accurate approaches to implement the complex trans‐conductance suited for time‐domain simulators for small‐signal and large‐signal table‐based models

This paper focuses on the implementation of table‐based models of high‐frequency transistors for time‐domain simulators at microwave and mm‐wave frequencies. In this frequency range, the channel is not capable of responding to the excitation instantaneously therefore, a delay‐time exists between the channel response and the channel excitation. This delay is represented by a complex trans‐conductance in terms of circuit elements. The high‐frequency models of transistors are required to have the implementation of complex trans‐conductance, where the complex part accounts mathematically for the delay‐time between the channel response and the channel excitation. This paper presents simple and accurate approaches to incorporate the complex trans‐conductance in both small‐signal and large‐signal table‐based models for time‐domain simulators (MOS‐AK International Meeting. Eindhoven, Netherlands, April 2008). Implementation approach for each model, small‐signal and large‐signal, is presented in separated sections. In the first step, the delay is realized by the introduction of an ideal transmission line between the channel excitation and the channel response. As transmission lines are not generally suitable for time‐domain simulations, a lumped element equivalent network is introduced in the second step. The latter approach is fully compatible with time‐domain simulators but frequency limitation, determined by the delay‐time value itself, is introduced. Then the implementation of the complex trans‐conductance in large‐signal model is introduced. In terms of large‐signal behavior, delay‐time is important to achieve a non‐quasi static model. Yet again there is limitation in terms of the frequency range that is determined by the delay value itself. The methodology is illustrated on the small‐signal and the large‐signal equivalent circuit of a Multi‐Fin MOSFET transistor. Simulations are carried out by Cadence Spectre and Agilent ADS simulators, and comparisons are carried out between the simulation results and the measurements. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Higher‐order CN‐FETD method for analysis of microwave circuit structures

In this paper, the hierarchical high‐order basis functions on tetrahedrons are introduced to the Crank–Nicolson (CN) finite‐element time‐domain (FETD) with the 3D Maxwell equations for analysis of the microwave circuit structures. Whitney 1‐form high‐order hierarchical basis functions are used to expand the electric field and Whitney 2‐form high‐order hierarchical basis functions for the magnetic field. The CN scheme is employed in the FETD method to lead to an unconditionally stable algorithm. Numerical results were presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed high‐order CN‐FETD method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于波反射理论的新型防雷变压器的仿真分析

配电变压器是极易受雷击损坏的电气设备,一旦遭受雷击损坏将影响电力系统的稳定运行,并给用户造成直接或间接的经济损失。为了加强变压器的防雷性能,文章介绍了一种新型防雷变压器的设计方案以及防雷作用的机理。然后基于变压器绕组的时域等值电路,采用MATLAB软件中Simulink的状态方程模块的仿真模型法,仿真出标准雷电压波作用于它时的暂态过程。仿真证明基于波反射理论的新型防雷变压器新增附加绕组对正、反变换过电压都有较理想的抑制作用,这种新型防雷变压器的设计方案是切实可行的。     

基于频域建模与遗传算法的电力电子电路参数辨识方法

研究电力电子电路参数辨识技术,提出了一种基于频域特性分析与遗传算法参数求解的电力电子电路参数辨识方法。以Buck电路为例,建立了电路频域模型,选择电感输入电压、电路输出电压作为监测信号,利用快速傅里叶变换对监测信号进行频域分析,得到电路模型频率响应特性;依据电路频域模型及频响特性,选择适当的频率点并利用遗传算法对电路参数进行辨识。实验结果表明,新方法能够有效实现电力电子电路参数辨识。     

A closed‐form equation approach to multi‐port/multi‐zone behavioral modeling of GaN FET Amplifiers

In this paper, a systematic method for the simulation of weakly and mildly nonlinear GaN FET amplifiers is reported. The core of the proposal is a third‐order Volterra‐based behavioral model with multi‐spectral and multi‐node capabilities that is formally derived from a circuit‐level representation. Starting with the equivalent circuit of a typical FET device with thermal power feedback and fading memory, described in terms of its large‐signal functions, closed‐form expressions for the kernels at the gate, drain and thermal nodes are developed up to the third order. The use of these kernels allows the calculation of the responses in the dc, first‐, second‐ and third‐harmonic zones, which are shown to be dependent on the frequency response of the amplifier circuit terminating impedances and thermal filter. The simulation approach has been applied to calculate the nonlinear response of a typical power amplifier circuit, showing the ability of the proposed approach to provide an accurate prediction of multi‐spectral, multi‐node, multi‐bias characteristics, including AM/AM‐AM/PM conversion, spectral regrowth, intermodulation, and temperature rise, under diverse input signal waveforms and bandwidths. These results have been successfully compared with commercial CAD tools based on harmonic balance or envelope simulation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

在地磁感应电流作用时分析和计算电力变压器特性的一种新方法--时域和频域法

提出了在地磁感应电流(Geomagnetically Induced Current)作用时,分析和计算电力变压器特性的一种新方法.作者将时域中变压器的等效磁路法同频域中变压器的等效电路法有机地结合在一起,成功地用于分析和计算GIC作用时三相电力变压器的特性.文中给出了非线性模型、求解原理.仿真和实验结果证明了本文的方法是正确的.     

Log‐domain linear transformation filters revised: improved building blocks and comparison results

A method for designing high‐order log‐domain filters has already been proposed in the literature based on the concept of the classical linear transformation (LT) filters. For this purpose, a substitution table containing the log‐domain LT equivalent of each passive element has been introduced. Drawbacks of the log‐domain filter topologies derived according to this table are the following: (a) a dc offset current appears at the output of all pole filters and (b) dc instability is observed in the case of the substitution of LC resonators. In addition, an alternative technique already proposed for simulating filters with LC resonators is valid only under small‐signal conditions. In order to overcome the aforementioned problems, new log‐domain LT equivalents of a number of passive elements are introduced in this paper. The correct operation of the novel blocks has been verified through simulation results. Also, a comparison concerning the behaviour of the log‐domain LT filters and that of the filters derived according to the leapfrog and the wave methods has also been performed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Wave log‐domain filters using lattice sections

In this paper, the design of log‐domain filters with uncommon transfer functions is considered, using the wave log‐domain design method. To this end, the concept of log‐domain wave equivalent of a lattice section is introduced, as a new building block, in order to enable the design of filters with transfer functions dealing with amplitude and phase response at the same time. This building block is very useful when the phase and the group delay response of the filter is significant. The functionality of this design approach is verified through a design example and simulation results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dissipativity and passivity analysis for discrete‐time complex‐valued neural networks with leakage delay and probabilistic time‐varying delays

In this paper, the problem of dissipativity and passivity analysis is investigated for discrete‐time complex‐valued neural networks with time‐varying delays. Both leakage and discrete time‐varying delays have been considered. By constructing a suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and by using discretized Jensen's inequality approach, sufficient conditions have been established to guarantee the (Q ,S ,R ) ? γ dissipativity and passivity of the addressed discrete‐time complex‐valued neural networks. These conditions are derived in terms of complex‐valued linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can be checked numerically using Yet Another LMI Parser toolbox in Matrix Laboratory. Finally, three numerical examples are established to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.