山西沁源地区煤矸石综合利用现状及展望

介绍了山西沁源地区煤矸石排放及综合利用现状,该地区煤矸石年产生量达300万t,当前主要用于发电、制砖和山谷填埋,存在的问题是,前二项煤矸石利用量少,后者对环境影响大;通过分析煤矸石井下回填或塌陷区填充、煤矸石山修建人工景观、煤矸石发电、煤矸石有用成分提纯、煤矸石制建材等综合利用方法的优缺点,提出了沁源地区应因地制宜、优化煤矸石综合利用方式、开展煤矸石资源化利用研究的发展方向。     

煤矸石综合利用工艺探索

煤矸石是采煤和选煤过程中排放的固体废物,约占原煤的10％～20％。目前中国煤矸石综合利用率较低,为62．2％左右,造成煤矸石堆积量日益增多。大量煤矸石长期堆放不仅占用土地,而且造成环境污染,甚至威胁到矿区居民生命财产安全。结合国内外煤矸石综合利用情况,探索煤矸石的综合利用工艺。结合煤矸石减排技术、煤矸石直接利用技术、煤矸石改性利用技术、煤矸石燃烧后利用以及矸石山自燃热能利用技术,大胆提出了几种煤矸石综合利用工艺设想,希望能对国内煤矸石综合利用企业起到抛砖引玉之效。     

活化煤矸石基免烧砖胶凝性能的研究

对六盘水矿区煤矸石原粉组成进行分析,测定了煤矸石原粉和活化煤矸石粉制备免烧砖的胶凝性能,系统地研究了机械、热、化学及复合活化方式对原状煤矸石活性激发作用。研究表明,六盘水矿区煤矸石属于高铁高砂型煤矸石,活化煤矸石能够显著提高煤矸石基免烧砖的胶凝性能,复合活化效果优于单一活化方式,复合活化的煤矸石能够大幅度地提高免烧砖的胶凝性能,达到JC/T422-91(96)《非烧结普通黏土砖》MU15的标准。     

水城矿区煤矸石综合利用的初步调研分析

介绍了四川、贵州及重庆地区煤矸石利用现状及存在的主要问题,通过对大湾煤矿煤矸石的成分进行检测分析,结合煤矸石的性质和当地煤矸石利用情况,提出了针对水城矿区煤矸石综合利用的建议。     

煤矸石活化的研究现状与展望

煤矸石自身活性较低,以煤矸石为原料制备的化工产品质量不高,制约了其利用率。有效的激发煤矸石潜在活性,能够拓宽煤矸石的应用范围,既变废为宝,又减轻环境污染。本文概述了煤矸石热活化、化学活化、机械活化和微波辐照活化等主要的活化方式,着重介绍了煤矸石活化的研究现状及六盘水地区煤矸石应用概况,提出了煤矸石今后的发展方向,明确煤矸石活化基础研究是今后深入研究的重点。     

微波技术在煤矸石资源化应用的研究进展

针对微波技术在煤矸石资源化领域的应用和研究现状进行了介绍,阐述了微波活化煤矸石、微波辅助提取煤矸石中有价资源以及微波辅助制取煤矸石基材料的研究现状,特别是煤矸石中含有大量有价元素可以进行资源化高效提取利用,因此对微波技术在煤矸石提取煤矸石中有价资源方面进行了重点调研,旨在引起广大科研人员利用微波技术对煤矸石进行资源化利用的重视。最后结合微波技术特点和微波辅助加工煤矸石应用过程中存在的实际问题,提出了需要解决的问题,并对微波技术在煤矸石资源化应用领域的发展前景进行了展望。     

微波技术在煤矸石资源化应用的研究进展

针对微波技术在煤矸石资源化领域的应用和研究现状进行了介绍,阐述了微波活化煤矸石、微波辅助提取煤矸石中有价资源以及微波辅助制取煤矸石基材料的研究现状,特别是煤矸石中含有大量有价元素可以进行资源化高效提取利用,因此对微波技术在煤矸石提取煤矸石中有价资源方面进行了重点调研,旨在引起广大科研人员利用微波技术对煤矸石进行资源化利用的重视。最后结合微波技术特点和微波辅助加工煤矸石应用过程中存在的实际问题,提出了需要解决的问题,并对微波技术在煤矸石资源化应用领域的发展前景进行了展望。     

煤矸石综合利用的产业化及其展望

综合分析了我国在煤矸石综合利用方面的工业化进展。我国循环流化床煤矸石发电技术已引领国际先进发展水平,已开始发展超临界和超超临界煤矸石发电技术;全煤矸石烧结砖装备技术也达到国际先进水平,单套设备生产能力达到年消纳百万吨煤矸石;大规模利用煤矸石进行充填采空区和塌陷区、筑基修路、土地复垦等成为煤矸石无害化处理的主要方式。煤矸石的综合处理能力超过4亿吨/年。然而相对于煤矸石巨大的产生量,现有利用途径仍难以满足其处理需求。高附加值利用是煤矸石综合利用的重要补充,将成为煤矸石综合利用的发展方向。基于目前高附加值利用的发展现状,构建了煤矸石高附加值利用的循环经济路线,对于进一步提高其资源利用水平和利用率有重要意义。     

煤矸石作为道路基层材料的试验研究

阐述了煤矸石的定义、分类以及煤矸石在道路基层材料中应用现状.选取宁夏灵武某选煤厂煤矸石为研究对象,从其物理性质入手,进行水泥稳定煤矸石料的抗压强度等试验.研究结果表明,该厂煤矸石可满足道路底基层的低限值要求,建议进一步加强煤矸石的分类,以利于煤矸石的综合利用.     

煤矸石综合利用的产业化及其展望

综合分析了我国在煤矸石综合利用方面的工业化进展。我国循环流化床煤矸石发电技术已引领国际先进发展水平,已开始发展超临界和超超临界煤矸石发电技术;全煤矸石烧结砖装备技术也达到国际先进水平,单套设备生产能力达到年消纳百万吨煤矸石;大规模利用煤矸石进行充填采空区和塌陷区、筑基修路、土地复垦等成为煤矸石无害化处理的主要方式。煤矸石的综合处理能力超过4亿吨/年。然而相对于煤矸石巨大的产生量,现有利用途径仍难以满足其处理需求。高附加值利用是煤矸石综合利用的重要补充,将成为煤矸石综合利用的发展方向。基于目前高附加值利用的发展现状,构建了煤矸石高附加值利用的循环经济路线,对于进一步提高其资源利用水平和利用率有重要意义。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.     

实施水泵节能技改 实现节能降耗

介绍了内蒙古亿利化学工业有限公司在满足生产的前提下,对现有的循环水泵实施的节能技改及效果。     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.