CARBON ORDERING IN Fe-1.83C MARTENSITE Ⅰ. Crystal Structure of a Conventional Ordered Phase

采用电子衍射方法对Ｆｅ－１．８３Ｃ马氏体室温时效时产生的有序相结构进行研究，确定其结构为偏离化学计量成分Ｆｅ_４Ｃ的γ′－Ｆｅ_４结构，称为γ′－Ｆｅ_ｘＣ（Ⅰ）（ｘ＝４－１１）。碳原子位于单胞的１／２，１／２，１／２位置。该有序相单胞尺寸为：（ａ_Ｍ，ｃ_Ｍ分别为马氏体单胞的ａ和ｃ轴长度），它与母相完全共格，位向关系为（００１）_Ⅰ∥（００１）_Ｍ，［１００］_Ⅰ∥［１１０］_Ｍ。根据γ′－Ｆｅ_ｘＣ（Ⅰ）晶体结构计算出的有序相衍射花样与实验得到的衍射花样全部吻合。     

Fe－1．83C马氏体中碳的有序化──Ⅰ．普通有序相的晶体结构

采用电子衍射方法对Ｆｅ－１．８３Ｃ马氏体室温时效时产生的有序相结构进行研究，确定其结构为偏离化学计量成分Ｆｅ_４Ｃ的γ′－Ｆｅ_４结构，称为γ′－Ｆｅ_ｘＣ（Ⅰ）（ｘ＝４－１１）。碳原子位于单胞的１／２，１／２，１／２位置。该有序相单胞尺寸为：（ａ_Ｍ，ｃ_Ｍ分别为马氏体单胞的ａ和ｃ轴长度），它与母相完全共格，位向关系为（００１）_Ⅰ∥（００１）_Ｍ，［１００］_Ⅰ∥［１１０］_Ｍ。根据γ′－Ｆｅ_ｘＣ（Ⅰ）晶体结构计算出的有序相衍射花样与实验得到的衍射花样全部吻合。     

Fe－1．83C马氏体中碳的有序化──Ⅰ．普通有序相的晶体结构SCIEI

采用电子衍射方法对Ｆｅ－１．８３Ｃ马氏体室温时效时产生的有序相结构进行研究，确定其结构为偏离化学计量成分Ｆｅ_４Ｃ的γ′－Ｆｅ_４结构，称为γ′－Ｆｅ_ｘＣ（Ⅰ）（ｘ＝４－１１）。碳原子位于单胞的１／２，１／２，１／２位置。该有序相单胞尺寸为：（ａ_Ｍ，ｃ_Ｍ分别为马氏体单胞的ａ和ｃ轴长度），它与母相完全共格，位向关系为（００１）_Ⅰ∥（００１）_Ｍ，［１００］_Ⅰ∥［１１０］_Ｍ。根据γ′－Ｆｅ_ｘＣ（Ⅰ）晶体结构计算出的有序相衍射花样与实验得到的衍射花样全部吻合。     

少量硼对Fe—Cu纳米粉粒固溶度的影响

用化学还原法制备了Ｆｅ－Ｃｕ过饱和固溶合金粉。Ｆｅ－Ｃｕ纳米粉中含有少量硼可扩展ｆｃｃ相的成分范围。合金粉体中Ｆｅ和Ｃｕ的原子比达到４：１时，主相仍保持ｆｃｃ结构，ｆｃｃ相区的范围可超过采用机械合金化法制备的Ｆｅ－Ｃｕ合金。对样品的退火处理研究证明了Ｆｅ－Ｃｕ系过饱和固溶合金的ｆｃｃ相相当稳定。     

纯铁离子渗稀土表层结构研究

本文利用辉光放电离子溅射法成功地将稀土元素Ｌａ，Ｃｅ离子化，并以较高的浓度渗入纯铁．采用金相、电子探针、能谱（ＥＤＡＸ）及透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）等方法研究了被渗试样的渗层结构，确定出稀土元素在纯铁中的两种存在形式：固溶和亚稳的金属间化合物（Ｃｅ，Ｌａ）Ｆｅ_７，选区电子衍射证明，ＣｅＦｅ_７与α－Ｆｅ之间存在如下取向关系（０１１）α－Ｆｅ∥（１１０）ＣｅＦｅ７，［１１１］α－Ｆｅ∥［００１］ＣｅＦｅ７．观察表明，稀土元素原子的渗入可促使铁基体中固溶的微量碳原子向试样外表面扩散并偏聚．     

亚稳奥氏体型Fe—Cr—Mn（W,V）合金的组织稳定性研究

通过对形变奥氏体组织进行长期时效观察合金相演化过程，研究了低放射性亚稳奥氏体Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－ｎ（Ｗ，Ｖ）合金的组织稳定性。实验表明：合金在高于４００℃时，相平衡处在γ＋α＋α三相区，低于４００℃可以保证亚稳奥氏体的稳定性。亚稳奥氏体可以发生γ→α→α转变也可以发生γ→γ（ｆ）→＇（ｆ）→α转变，ε马氏体不是γ→α转变的唯一中间过渡相。形变诱发ε马氏体形成过程中伴随奥氏体晶粒碎化，可产生细晶强化作用，这     

Ti-45Al-10Nb合金α_2+γ层状结构中的ω相

利用高分辨电镜（ＨＲＥＭ）观察了Ｔｉ－４５Ａｌ－１０Ｎｂ（原子分数,％）合金α２＋γ层状结构中的ω相。发现ω相与α２和γ片层存在着取向关系［０００１］ω／／＜１１２０＞α２／／＜１１０＞γ,｛１１３０｝ω／／（０００２）α２／／｛１１１｝γ．同时,观察到在片层中具有Ｂ８２结构的ω相进一步转变为Ｂ８８结构的ω相．片层中可能存在着α２→ω的直接转变     

机械合金化FeZrB粉末的结构和磁性

模拟纳米晶Ｆｅ８９Ｚｒ７Ｂ４合金中的剩余非晶相成分,取纯Ｆｅ粉,Ｚｒ粉,Ｂ粉进行球磨。利用Ｘ射线衍射、法拉第磁天平对球磨过程中的样品结构和磁性进行分析。结果表明,混合粉末经２０ｈ球磨后形成较多的ＦｅＺｒＢ非晶相,球磨２００ｈ后,可获得α－Ｆｅ（Ｚｒ,Ｂ）和富Ｚｒ的非晶相。此时,α－Ｆｅ（Ｚｒ,Ｂ）的晶粒度可达７～９ｎｍ。混合物的饱和磁化强度随球磨时间的增加面迅速下降,在２５ｈ左右达到最低点,然后又有所回升,１００ｈ以后基本趋于定值。     

四元扩散偶技术及其在相图研究中的应用（Ⅱ）Mo－Fe－Ni和Mo－Ni－Co三元系在1200℃时的相平衡

采用一个Ｍｏ－Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ四元扩散偶试样，测定了Ｍｏ－Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ和Ｍｏ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ在１２００℃时的两个三元系等温截面；并借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜能谱仪以及电子探针，确定了Ｍｏ－Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ三元系在１２００℃时三元合金中三元化合物Ｐ相的存在。该系统中存在ｂｃｃ（Ｍｏ）、μ－Ｆｅ７Ｍｏ６、δ－ＭｏＮｉ、ｂｃｃ（Ｆｅ）、ｆｃｃ和Ｐ六个单相区；在Ｍｏ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ三元系中存在ｂｃｃ（Ｍｏ）、δ－ＭｏＮｉ、μ－Ｃｏ７Ｍｏ６和ｆｃｃ四个单相区。     

Fe－28Al合金中相转变

应用电镜及Ｘ射线衍射技术研究了含Ｃｒ及不含Ｃｒ的Ｆｅ－２８ａｔ．－％Ａｌ合金中相变结果表明，１０８０℃淬火过程中，Ｂ２结构热畴已开始形成；缓冷通过Ｂ２相区，沿晶界出现α相；对Ｆｅ－２８Ａｌ－５Ｃｒ合金还出现细小的ＣｒＮ相沉淀，板状合金中Ｂ２→Ｄ０３是一缓慢转变过程．     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.