激光熔覆Ni3Al/Cr3C2复合材料耐磨性能研究

采用激光熔覆技术在304不锈钢基板上制备了Ni_3Al合金和Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2(25%,质量分数)复合材料耐磨涂层,分析了Ni_3Al合金和Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2熔覆层的显微组织、硬度和耐磨性能。结果表明,Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2熔覆层显微组织由基体γ'-Ni_3Al相和原位自生M_7C_3(M=Cr,Fe)型碳化物组成,且细小M_7C_3弥散分布于γ'-Ni_3Al基体。与Ni_3Al合金熔覆层相比较,Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2熔覆层显微硬度提高了约4000 MPa。650℃时,Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2熔覆层磨损量仅为对比材料蠕墨铸铁的28%左右,表明Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2复合材料熔覆层具有良好的耐磨性能。     

两种高温合金渗Al防护层的退化过程

研究了两种镍基高温合金上的渗Al层的退化过程。两种合金用两种方法施加的涂层组织相似:外层以NiAl Ni_2Al_3为母体,上面弥散着Ti(C,N)和Al_3Ti;内层由NiAl,Ni_3Al,Ti(C,N),M_(23)C_6和M_6C等相组成。渗Al层高温氧化时的退化与外层相变紧密相关,其过程如下: Ni_2Al_3 NiAl(富Al)→NiAl(富Ni)→NiAl Ni_3Al→Ni_3Al→Ni_3Al γNi_2Al_3和NiAl(富Al)相极不稳定,而NiAl(富Ni)相十分稳定。Ni_3Al沿NiAl晶界生核标志着渗层退化的开始,渗层NiAl完全变成Ni_3Al γ是退化的终了。     

Zr对铸造Ni3Al合金塑性的影响

大量压缩和拉伸实验表明:在无硼Ni_3Al合金中加入适量的Zr可使其具有较好的室温塑性,Zr对Ni_3Al合金的韧化作用并不局限于富Ni的Ni_3Al合金,对Al含量略高于化学计量成分的Ni_3Al也有一定的韧化作用,而且Zr在晶界仅略有偏聚,因此,可以认为Zr对Ni_3Al合金的韧化机理与硼不同,Zr对改善中温脆性和提高高温塑性也都具有一定的效果     

DETERIORATION OF ALUMINIDE COATING ON NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOYS

研究了两种镍基高温合金上的渗Al层的退化过程。两种合金用两种方法施加的涂层组织相似:外层以NiAl+Ni_2Al_3为母体,上面弥散着Ti(C,N)和Al_3Ti;内层由NiAl,Ni_3Al,Ti(C,N),M_(23)C_6和M_6C等相组成。渗Al层高温氧化时的退化与外层相变紧密相关,其过程如下: Ni_2Al_3+NiAl(富Al)→NiAl(富Ni)→NiAl+Ni_3Al→Ni_3Al→Ni_3Al+γ Ni_2Al_3和NiAl(富Al)相极不稳定,而NiAl(富Ni)相十分稳定。Ni_3Al沿NiAl晶界生核标志着渗层退化的开始,渗层NiAl完全变成Ni_3Al+γ是退化的终了。     

硼对快凝Ni3Al组织结构及力学性能的影响

本文通过快凝及加硼合金化的方法改善金属间化合物Ni_3Al的韧性。实验表明:加入0.5-1.4at.-％的硼对Ni_3Al的塑性提高最有利。结构分析表明:在含1.37at.-％硼的Ni_3Al中,硼以Ni_(23)B_6弥散相及晶界偏聚方式存在;当硼量增至2.22at.-％时,硼以粗大的Ni_(23)B_6及NiB_(12)相在晶界处析出。无硼的Ni_3Al晶界为大角度晶界;当硼加至1.37at.-％时,Ni_3Al晶界以位错排列成亚晶界,以小角晶界形式存在。     

Zr,Cr和B对Ni3Al合金组织和力学性能的影响

本文研究了含Zr(0—0.6at.-％),Cr(0—7.7at.-％)和B(0—2.22at.-％)的Ni_3Al合金的组织和室温至1050℃拉伸性能。结果表明,Ni_3Al合金的屈服强度随温度升高而增加,表现出反常的温度关系。到达峰值后,随温度升高,屈服强度降低。Zr和Zr+Cr在整个试验温度范围都增加Ni_3Al合金的屈服强度,并改善高温抗张强度和塑性。硼增加Ni_3Al合金的抗张强度和屈服强度,同时改善塑性。但当硼含量超过1.37at.-％时,则降低强度和塑性。当硼含量超过溶解度极限时,Ni_3Al合金中形成岛状和球状的Ni_(20)Al_3B_6和Ni_3Al的共晶组织,对强度和塑性都是有害的。     

Ni-Al-Sn三元系在800和1000℃时的相平衡（英文）

采用电子探针显微分析和X射线衍射分析等方法研究了Ni-Al-Sn三元系在800和1000℃时的相平衡。结果表明:(1) Ni-Al-Sn三元系在800和1000℃时均未发现三元化合物;(2) Ni-Al侧存在Ni Al、Ni_3Al、Al_3Ni和Al_3Ni_2 4个化合物,800℃时,Sn在Ni Al和Ni_3Al中的固溶度分别为3.1 at%和14.7 at%,在1000℃时分别为3.0 at%和8.0 at%。而Sn在Al_3Ni和Al_3Ni_2中几乎没有固溶度;(3) Ni-Sn侧有Ni_3Sn(r)、Ni_3Sn(h)和Ni_3Sn_2(h) 3个化合物。800℃时,Al在Ni_3Sn(r)相的固溶度为4.2 at%,1000℃时,Ni_3Sn(r)相转变为Ni_3Sn(h)相,拥有5.5 at%Al的固溶度。另外,800℃时,Al在Ni_3Sn_2(h)相中的固溶度为8.4at%,1000℃时为12.1at%;(4)Ni-Al-Sn三元系Al-Sn侧为相互贯通的液相区域,Ni在Al-Sn侧的溶解度约为1 at%。     

三种M3Al型金属间化合物的低温热腐蚀

Na_2SO_4沉积物显著地加速Fe_3Al、Ni_3Al和Ti_3Al在600℃模拟燃气气氛中的腐蚀.腐蚀产物为M与Al的氧化物和硫化物的混合物.Fe_3Al和Ti_3Al的耐蚀性优于Ni_3Al因为Fe_3Al腐蚀产物中有一含高Al_2O_3的内层在Ti_3Al上则有由TiO_2和NbO_2组成的中间层而Ni_3Al的腐蚀产物的内层含有大量硫化镍有利于Ni的向外传输Na_2SO_4中添加NaCl对三种M_3Al的腐蚀过程无明显影响     

HOT CORROSION OF THREE M_3Al-TYPE INTERMETALLICS AT 600℃

Na_2SO_4沉积物显著地加速Fe_3Al、Ni_3Al和Ti_3Al在600℃模拟燃气气氛中的腐蚀.腐蚀产物为M与Al的氧化物和硫化物的混合物.Fe_3Al和Ti_3Al的耐蚀性优于Ni_3Al因为Fe_3Al腐蚀产物中有一含高Al_2O_3的内层在Ti_3Al上则有由TiO_2和NbO_2组成的中间层而Ni_3Al的腐蚀产物的内层含有大量硫化镍有利于Ni的向外传输Na_2SO_4中添加NaCl对三种M_3Al的腐蚀过程无明显影响     

电流强度对冷坩埚定向凝固Ni_3Al金属间化合物微观组织的影响

为改善Ni_3Al合金的室温塑性,研究了不同电流强度的直流电场对冷坩埚定向凝固Ni_3Al合金微观组织的影响。结果表明,在直流电场作用下,随着电流强度的增加,Ni_3Al合金的定向凝固组织的一次枝晶间距变小,凝固界面变得平直。未施加直流电流时,凝固组织由L12型结构的Ni_3Al基体和B2型结构的Ni Al析出相两相组成。当定向凝固过程中施加直流电流时,凝固组织中析出相由B2型NiAl相转变为呈薄层状、晶面对称的孪晶马氏体NiAl相。     

THEORETICAL CALCULATION OF POINT DEFECTS IN Ni_3Al

Equilibrium equation of point defects in Ll_2 type intermetallic compounds was established tocalculate the relations of the concentration of antisite defects and vacancies and bulk composi-tion in Ni_3Al.The examination of temperature effects on the point defects cleared up the mis.understanding of the properties of the“constitutional point defects”in Ni_3Al.     

V掺杂Ni3Al点缺陷结构及合金化效应的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势方法研究了V掺杂Ni3Al合金的电子结构和点缺陷结构.通过计算与实验结果对比选择了适合Ni3Al合金计算的近似方法,计算了含有各个缺陷的晶胞的晶格常数,形成热和结合能,点缺陷的形成能和平衡浓度,态密度和电荷密度.计算结果表明:Ni3Al合金中反位缺陷较空位缺陷易形成,NiAl是Ni3Al合金中最主要的反位缺陷,Al位最易形成缺陷,在1400 K时,空位缺陷的浓度远远低于反位缺陷的浓度.V加入Ni3Al合金体系中能提高合金的稳定性.     

火焰喷涂工艺对Al_2O_3陶瓷涂层的影响

采用火焰喷涂技术对基体金属表面喷涂Al2O3陶瓷。通常该陶瓷涂层易出现“剥落”、“龟裂”、孔隙率偏高等缺陷,这些缺陷的产生严重影响涂层的性能。本文通过制定和改善其喷涂工艺,有效地解决了其产生上述缺陷的问题。     

Point Defect Concentrations and Interactions in D0(19)-Ti3Al from First- Principles CalculationsEI北大核心CSCD

The intermetallics D0(19)-Ti3Al has low specific density and high thermal resistance for both bulk and coating applications in engineering area. The point defects such as thermal vacancy, compostion vacancy and antisite defect have great influence on the properties of D0(19)-Ti3Al, but are usally neglected. According to available research data from both theory and experiment, it is commonly considered that the thermal vacancies in D0(19)-Ti3Al provide paths for atomic migration and diffusion, the antisite defects play an important role in the disordering of D0(19)-Ti3Al, and the interaction between composition vacancy and antisite defect may have important influence on atomic diffusion and dislocation movement. So it is necessary to explore the mechanism of interaction between composition vacancy and antisite defect for more accurate understanding of the atomic diffusion, dislocation movement and plastic deform in D0(19)-Ti3Al. In this work, the formation enthalpy, equilibrium concentration, and binding energy of composition vacancy and antisite defect in D0(19)-Ti3Al intermetallics were calculated by using both the Wagner-Schottky model of point defect thermodynamics and the plane wave pseudopotential method in first-principles. Results suggest that, in the whole composition range of interest, the point defect concentrations increase with the increase of temperature. In particular, the concentrations of antisite defects are higher than those of vacancies, and the vacancy concentration of Ti is higher than that of Al. At the stoichiometric composition, the concentrations of antisite defects of Ti and Al are very close. At the Ti-rich side of component, the antisite defect of Ti dominates in concentration, while at the Al-rich side, that of Al dominates in concentration. For the calculated results of 3 types of point defect pairs, AlTi-TiAl, TiAl-TiAl and VAl-AlTi, they may have the strong trend to aggregate, while others may show the tend to diffuse into the matrix.     

B2-RuAl点缺陷结构的第一原理计算

采用第一原理赝势平面波方法,计算了B2-RuAl金属间化合物的基本物性及其点缺陷结构的几何、能态与电子结构,通过对不同点缺陷结构形成热与形成能的计算与比较,分析和预测了RuAl金属间化合物中点缺陷结构的种类与存在形式.结果表明：RuAl金属间化合物的点缺陷主要是Ru空位和Al反位,在富Ru合金中主要为Ru反位,在富Al合金中则主要是Al反位.这些点缺陷主要以Ru-Ru双空位和Al-Al双反位的组态结构形式出现,并且双空位以Ru-Ru为第一近邻时其点缺陷结构最稳定,而双反位则是以Al-Al为第三近邻时稳定性最高.进一步通过对NiAl和RuAl不同点缺陷结构Cauchy压力的比较,发现点缺陷对RuAl塑性的降低程度比NiAl低,因而含有点缺陷的实际合金的室温塑性RuAl比NiAl好.     

First-principles investigation of migration barriers and point defect complexes in B2–NiAl

We perform a systematic first-principles investigation of atomic hop mechanisms in B2–NiAl and discover a low barrier collective hop that can mediate Al diffusion through the anti-structural bridge mechanism. We also find an alternative hop sequence for the migration of a triple defect than that proposed previously. To shed light on the dominant hop mechanisms that mediate diffusion in B2–NiAl, we study point defects and defect clusters in B2–NiAl at high temperature by combining a cluster expansion with Monte Carlo simulations. Going beyond the mean field approximation, we find that the inclusion of interactions among the various point defects is crucial to predict the concentration of defect complexes, such as the triple defects of B2–NiAl. Interactions among point defects also introduce an important degree of short-range order between Al antisite defects and Ni antisite defects. We find an increasing probability between pairs of Al antisite atoms and Ni vacancies as the alloy concentration of B2–NiAl becomes both Al rich and Ni rich, suggesting that the anti-structural bridge mechanism should play an important role in facilitating Al transport.     

7055铝合金挤压材黑线缺陷分析

利用高倍组织观察,结合能谱分析,对7055铝合金挤压材阳极氧化后的“黑线”缺陷进行了分析。结果表明:“黑线”区域为AlZr聚集导致。通过严格控制原料质量,改善AlZr中间合金组织;在合金成分范围内,适当降低Zr元素的含量;熔炼过程中适当提高加热温度及时间,使Al₃Zr粒子熔解等手段,可消除“黑线”缺陷。     

Tension-Compression Asymmetry in Mechanical Behavior and Crystal Defect of Thin Ni/Ni3Al (001) Nanowires

利用分子动力学方法研究超薄Ni/Ni3Al(001)纳米线力学性能和晶体缺陷的拉压不对称,对应力-应变曲线和晶体曲线在不同的温度下进行比较。模拟表明在拉伸载荷作用下不全位错的施密特因子大于压缩载荷下的施密特因子,在10 K温度下的流变应力行为异常,同时超薄Ni/Ni3Al(001)纳米线在不同温度下都表现为抵抗压缩载荷能力比拉伸载荷强。结果显示超薄Ni/Ni3Al(001)纳米线具有显著的拉伸不对称特性。此外,堆积层错提高原子移动,不全位错从堆垛层错处发射。在促进位错发射过程中原子移动扮演着重要的角色;而且在拉-压载荷下不同晶体缺陷主要是点位错和层错,层错主要发生在4个{111}方向。研究拉压不对称与温度之间的关系,可以更准确和全面的理解超薄Ni/Ni3Al(001)纳米线的力学性能。     

A STUDY OF P_c PEAK AND ITS BACKGROUND IN PURE A1

用低频内耗方法,结合简谐侧应力-超声衰减实验,详细地研究了纯Al的P_c内耗峰及其背底,对其机理提出了新的解释:P_c内耗峰是由于位错拖曳可动的点缺陷(PD_1)而引起的,而其背底内耗是由于位错从可动点缺陷PD_1脱钉(低于150K时)和从不可动的点缺陷(PD_2)脱钉(高于150K时)而引起的。     

Atomistic modeling of the γ and γ′-phases of the Ni–Al system

A new embedded-atom potential has been developed for Ni₃Al by fitting to experimental and first-principles data. The potential describes lattice properties of Ni₃Al, point defects, planar faults, as well as the γ and γ^′ fields on the Ni–Al phase diagram. The potential is applied to calculate the energies of coherent Ni/Ni₃Al interphase boundaries with three different crystallographic orientations. Depending on the orientation, the interface energy varies between 12 and 46 mJ/m². Coherent γ/γ^′ interfaces existing at high temperatures are shown to be more diffuse and are likely to have a lower energy than Ni/Ni₃Al interfaces.