感应电机无源性分析及自适应控制

感应电机由于其变量非线性耦合、转子电量难以测量、电机参数时变性这3方面的问题，导致交流调速控制复杂。无源性控制理论应用于感应电机控制是一种全新的方法，其控制律是全局定义的，无输入输出线性化解耦奇点问题，是间接磁场定向控制。证明了感应电机转子磁链子系统的无源性，找到系统能量耗散特性方程中的无功力，它不会影响系统的稳定性，得出无需转子磁链观测反馈即能稳定跟踪转子磁链的参考值，同时考虑电机转子电阻在运行中发生未知变化，设计自适应调节器使系统对转子电阻呈现鲁棒性，构建了带电流内环速度控制系统。该方案保证转矩、转子磁链及转速的渐进跟踪，使调速系统具有良好的动静态性能，易于实现。仿真验证了设计的控制系统的有效性和先进性。     

Design and implementation of a closed-loop observer and adaptivecontroller for induction motor drives

This paper discusses the implementation and experimental results of a closed-loop rotor flux observer and model reference adaptive system (MRAS) of a direct field-oriented control (FOC) of an induction motor drive. The motor was supplied from a high-frequency (20 kHz) AC resonant link via a MOS-controlled-thyristor (MCT)-based bidirectional converter. Hardware and software implementations of the various motor control functions are presented. The closed-loop observer combines the current and voltage models via a speed-dependent gain (SDG). The current model was formulated to operate in the rotor reference frame and requires only an encoder angle and not the actual rotor speed for implementation. The closed-loop observer permits the use of a pure analog integrator to calculate an adequate stator flux. The use of an AC resonant link further complicated an all-digital calculation of the stator flux. The observer and adaptive controller were tested on a 400-Hz 2-hp induction motor for low and high speeds. The closed-loop observer showed sensitivity at low speeds to the rotor circuit time constant which attributed to the current model rotor flux estimation. At high speed, the closed-loop observer followed the voltage model rotor flux estimation attributes. The MRAS was able to improve the complete speed response by correcting the current model rotor flux observer for errors in estimation of its parameters     

感应电机全阶状态观测器及其无源性转速控制

为了实现感应电机的高动态调速性能,针对电机的非线性本质,提出了一种基于全阶状态观测器及其转速自适应估算的感应电机无源性转速控制方案。在基于感应电机无源性与稳定性分析的基础上,设计了渐近稳定转矩跟踪无源性控制器。针对无源控制律所需转子电流难以观测的问题,提出了一种旋转坐标系下以转子电流和转子磁链为状态变量的全阶状态观测器,并应用该观测器对转速进行估算,实现了感应电机无速度传感器的无源性转速控制。仿真结果表明该控制方法易于实现,采用全阶观测器观测转子电流值和估算转速值更为准确,显著提高了感应电机的动静态性能。     

Identification of the machine parameters in a vector-controlledinduction motor drive

High dynamic performance of pulse-width-modulated (PWM) inverter-fed induction motor drives was achieved by using the method of field-oriented control. This method requires the actual value of the rotor time constant as essential system information, based on how the magnitude and the position of the rotor flux are calculated. An online identification technique for the rotor time constant and for other machine parameters is described. The identification is based on an evaluation of the stator current trajectory, which is the dynamic response of the induction motor to the PWM-switching sequence. An analytical machine model is operated in parallel to the actual machine, having the stator voltages and the mechanical speed of the induction motor as input signals. The coincidence of the two stator current trajectories of the model and the machine serves as an error indicator for the parameter identification scheme, permitting repetitive updates of the model parameters     

一种用于异步电机无速度传感器控制的自适应滑模观测器

针对异步电机无速度传感器中存在的对参数变化鲁棒性差的问题,研究了一种基于自适应滑模观测器的异步电机无速度传感器的矢量控制方案。自适应滑模观测器根据电机静止坐标系下的数学模型构造了转子磁链观测器,定子电流观测值与实际值的误差构成观测器的滑模面,在滑模运动下该观测器的观测值最终趋近于实际值,从而实现转子磁链的估计。电机转速由自适应方法估算得到,滑模观测器的稳定性可由李雅普诺夫稳定性证明。与其他方案相比,该方法的优点在于实现简单,对参数变化具有鲁棒性。仿真和实验对控制方案的正确性和可行性给出了验证,该观测器可以实现对转子磁链和转速的观测,且在负载扰动和给定转速变化的情况下该滑模观测器具有鲁棒性。     

基于DSP的感应电机无速度传感器矢量控制

讨论了一种感应电机(IM)的新型无速度传感器矢量控制系统,重点阐述了基于PI自适应法的模型参考自适应转子磁通和速度观测器。其中,磁场估算器是一个由电机的开环电流模型和电压模型组成的全阶转子自适应磁场观测器,速度观测器的稳定性由Popov原理提供保证。在实际应用中,构造了一个直接转子磁场定向无速度传感器IM矢量控制系统,给出了基于TMS320F240型DSP芯片实现的数字化系统。实验结果表明,该系统具有良好的转矩转速特性,也验证了所提出的磁场和速度估计算法的正确性。     

基于转速动态估计器的无速传感器感应电机矢量控制系统

介绍了一种直接转子磁场定向无速度传感器的感应电机矢量控制系统.该系统使用定转子自适应磁通观测器和转速动态估计器来估算转子磁通和转速,有三个PI控制器分别控制转速、转矩和磁通的电流分量,输出电压空间矢量控制电机.仿真结果表明,该系统具有较好观测精度和鲁棒性,动态和稳态性能也较好.     

电流型逆变器转差矢量控制系统传递函数分析

本文从异步电机的矢量控制基本方程出发,介绍了对转差型矢量控制系统传递函数的分析推导,并进行了系统调节器的参数整定。在此基础上,完成了电流型逆变器转差矢量控制变频调速系统。     

感应电机系统的非线性反推自适应控制

针对感应电机的动态特性,在电机参数未知的前提下,研究了磁链与转速的渐近跟踪特性和整个系统的全局稳定性问题.应用反推技术设计了自适应控制器,对所有参数进行估计,实现了电机对给定信号的输出跟踪控制,保证了整个系统的全局稳定性.系统的转子磁链与转速能渐近跟踪给定的参考信号,仿真结果验证了该控制策略的有效性.     

A generalized method of controlled voltage source-fed induction motor vector control using the observer theory

Vector control of induction motors is widely used for industrial applications. On-line parameter identification and speed sensorless control are being studied actively. A representative method for these problems is the application of an adaptive full-order observer. The rotor flux for vector control is estimated by a full-order observer and machine parameters, or the rotor speed is determined by an adaptive algorithm. In this paper, a new vector control scheme with parameter identification is proposed. This method is based on the adaptive full-order observer. However, the observed currents which are usually estimated in the voltage model are considered as command currents and the voltage model is used for the current controller. As a result, the proposed system is simpler than the conventional adaptive full-order observer system. Since the proposed system is composed of an induction motor model in a synchronously rotating reference frame, the well-known slip frequency control block is contained. The arrangement of the poles which are related to the torque transfer function is discussed. A linear model is derived taking into account the effects of the change of the stator and rotor resistances. The trajectories of poles and zeros of the torque transfer function are computed and discussed for various system parameters. Identification of stator and rotor resistances is confirmed by simulation using a nonlinear system model. The proposed idea is applied to a speed sensorless system; this system has a similar configuration to those of existing systems under some assumptions. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 119(4): 66–76, 1997     

Variable-speed control of brushless half-speed synchronous motor byvoltage source inverter

The variable-speed control of a voltage source inverter-fed cylindrical rotor type of brushless half-speed synchronous motor with feedback of the rotor position is described. On the basis of an approximate analysis of the steady state, an expression for torque is derived, and two methods of speed control are discussed. The step response of speed in the drive system is almost the same as that in a speed control method based on a slip frequency control in an induction motor drive, and a relatively high torque is obtained even in a low speed region. The motor has the capability of line start and change over from an induction motor (Gorges phenomenon) to a self-controlled half-speed synchronous motor by using a simple position sensor     

一种基于无功功率的异步电机矢量控制转子磁场准确定向方法

当转子磁场定向的异步电机矢量控制系统工作存高频弱磁区时，由于电机参数变化等多种因素影响，导致磁场定向不准，甚至危及电机可靠运行。为了保证磁场定向的准确，提出一种根据无功功率对转子磁场观测位置进行校正的控制方法，即以无功功率闭环来校正转子磁链的观测位置。同时，采用给定d轴电流的方法来保证系统不受磁链观测幅值不准的影响。实验证明，该方法改善了弱磁高速区的控制性能，使功率、电压均基本保持恒定，大大提高了矢量控制系统对电机参数特别是转子时间常数的鲁棒性。     

BP神经网络辩识感应电机转子磁链和转速

根据感应电机数字模型，提出了仅基于定子电流的人工神经网络转子磁链与速度的辩识方法，实现无速度传感器的交流调速系统的转子磁链和转速闭环控制。用BP算法对神经网络进行学习和训练，构建相应的多层前馈神经网络（MFNN）。仿真和实验结果表明，这种转子磁链与速度的辩识模型具有良好的性能。     

感应电机低速控制方法

基于模型参考自适应(MRAS)的无速度传感器的转子磁场定向控制广泛应用于感应电机驱动系统,速度辨识系统在零频或极低速时会不稳定。文中分析了辨识在零频或极低速时导致不稳定的原因,通过在传统转子电流和磁通观测器添加激励信号,设计新的自适应观测器,采用Lyapunov方法证明了系统在零频或极低速运行时的稳定性和收敛性。仿真显示了该方案优于传统的MARS方法,提高了低速时转速的渐进跟踪能力,使控制系统具有良好的动静态性能,易于实现。     

基于鲁棒H无穷滤波的步进电机转子状态估计

为有效控制步进电机的运行,根据H无穷鲁棒滤波理论,设计了基于扩展H无穷滤波的步进电机状态观测器,并建立数学模型,将定子电流、转子转速和位置作为状态变量。通过测量定子侧的电流值和电压值,利用扩展H无穷滤波器对电机转子的状态做出最小方差估计。仿真结果表明,扩展H无穷滤波估算转子转速和位置信息是可行的,且扩展H无穷滤波精度和稳定性都优于扩展卡尔曼滤波。     

一种感应电机转动惯量的瞬态辨识方法

为了在无速度传感器运行模式的感应电机上实现高性能控制,实现转动惯量的准确辨识,提出一种感应电机的转动惯量瞬态辨识方法。根据感应电机的定子电压、电流信号计算转子磁链、转速、转矩,构建转动惯量的自适应律。该方法能在无机械式速度传感器的前提下用于感应电机瞬态过程,仿真与实验结果表明了转动惯量自适应律的正确性和有效性。     

感应电机无速度传感器控制自适应速度观测器

理论与实践证明自适应速度观测器是实现高性能的感应电动机无速度传感器控制系统的有效方法之一。由于该系统的非线性性质,在观测器设计以及系统应用中还有许多有待解决的问题。针对此类问题,从理论联系实际的角度,分析现有的电机磁链、速度观测器理论的要点及其成果,如建模的条件、自适应速度估计算法及其物理性质、系统稳定性分析、线性化方法、以及观测器参数的辨识等。同时,给出了实验结果、指出了这些内容中尚存的相关问题。     

A DSP-based modified slip energy recovery drive using a 12-pulse converter and shunt chopper for a speed control system of a wound rotor induction motor

This paper introduces a modified slip energy recovery drive system for speed control of a wound rotor induction motor offering improvement of drive performance, particularly line power factor and overall system efficiency. A 12-pulse line commutated thyristor converter operating in an inverter mode in conjunction with an additional IGBT shunt chopper is employed to transfer slip energy back to ac mains supply via three phase transformers. This approach offers motor speed control by varying the duty cycle of the chopper instead of changing the inverter firing angle. As a consequence, supply power factor can be improved. The servo state feedback designed by linear quadratic regulator (LQR) with observer is also included in order to keep motor speed to be constant over a certain range of operating conditions by using the estimated dc link current derived from motor speed. The advantage of this technique is absence of current transducers for current feedback control loop. The overall control system is implemented on DSP, DS1104’TMS320F240 controller board. Experimental results are illustrated in order to validate performance of the proposed system.     

实心笼型异步电机转子涡流分析与计算

使用ANSYS软件建立实心笼型异步电机二维有限元模型，分析考虑磁路饱和情况下电机起动时转子中涡流的分布情况，计算转子笼条和实心体中的涡流损耗。通过场分析方法对该种电机进行研究，为电机参数的计算、结构的改进及控制系统的设计提供可靠依据。     

实心笼型异步电机转子涡流分析与计算

使用ANSYS软件建立实心笼型异步电机二维有限元模型,分析考虑磁路饱和情况下电机起动时转子中涡流的分布情况,计算转子笼条和实心体中的涡流损耗。通过场分析方法对该种电机进行研究,为电机参数的计算、结构的改进及控制系统的设计提供可靠依据。