Ni0.4Zn0.2Mn0.4Ce0.06Fe1.94O4表面原位构筑纳米羰基铁的可控制备及吸波性能研究

采用MOCVD工艺在微米级Ni_0.4Zn_0.2Mn_0.4Ce_0.06Fe_1.94O₄(NZMCF)表面原位生长了纳米级羰基铁(CI)壳层,通过控制沉积温度,调控核壳形貌和吸波性能,得到了具有核壳结构的NZMCF -CI复合吸波剂,利用XRD、SEM、EDS及VNA等分析手段,重点研究了沉积温度对NZMCF -CI核壳粉体微观形貌、晶体结构、电磁参数及吸波性能的影响。结果表明：通过调节沉积温度,可以有效调控核壳粉体的形貌,进而调控吸波性能。沉积温度为220 ℃,NZMCF-CI核壳粉体具有最佳的形貌及吸波性能。利用测得的同轴环样品的电磁参数,计算出NZMCF -CI涂层在厚度为1.8 mm时,反射率最小值为-39.9 dB,小于-10 dB的吸波带宽为14.2 GHz(3.8~18 GHz)。涂层厚度为0.8~2.6mm时,在3.2~ 18 GHz均能实现最小反射率低于-20 dB,在2.5~18 GHz均能实现最小反射率低于-10 dB。仅需要调整厚度,即可以实现2~18 GHz内良好的吸波效果。     

空心微珠表面化学镀Ni-P合金及其吸波性能研究

采用化学镀法在平均粒径2 μm的空心微珠表面包覆了均匀完整的Ni-P非晶合金镀层,并对该材料进行了电磁性能和吸波性能测试.测试结果表明:空心微珠包覆Ni-P非晶合金镀层后矫顽力达到343.08Oe,属于电磁损耗型材料;以包覆后的空心微珠粉体为吸收荆制备吸波涂层,当涂层厚度为3 mm时,在4.32GHz达到最强吸收-20.81 dB,当涂层厚度为1.5 mm时,在8.56～10.08 GHz内出现了小于-10 dB的较宽吸收.     

表面改性对铁基非晶合金微波吸收性能的影响

目的 旨在调节铁基非晶合金(IAA)粉体复合材料的微波吸收性能。方法 先在铁基非晶合金粉体表面采用磁控溅射局部覆盖铝膜,再使用KH560硅烷偶联剂对粉体进行绝缘包覆。通过XRD、SEM和FT-IR分别对粉体进行材料表征,采用VSM和传输反射法分别测试样品的电磁性能。结果 镀铝后铁基非晶合金粉体的复介电常数实部εʹ提高了56.1%,复介电常数虚部εʺ提高了132.4%。绝缘包覆后铁基非晶合金粉体的εʹ降低变为铁基非晶合金的32.6%,εʺ变为铁基非晶合金的25.1%。镀铝再包覆KH560的铁基非晶合金粉体的εʹ和εʺ则分别变为铁基非晶合金的43.5%和36.6%,其复介电常数实部和虚部比镀铝后的样品低,比单纯用KH560包覆后的样品高,显示出镀铝可补偿因KH560绝缘包覆而带来的介电损耗能力下降,有利于调节KH560绝缘包覆的粉体材料的电磁性能。结论 对铁基非晶合金粉体的绝缘包覆,改善了相应材料的高频吸收性能,但牺牲了其低频吸收性能,为了弥补这个不足,提出在铁基非晶合金粉体表面局部覆盖铝膜,再进行绝缘包覆,期望在绝缘包覆后,粉体仍有较高的介电损耗能力,达到调节材料中低频电磁波吸收能力的目的。样品模拟反射率曲线显示,样品厚度在2~3 mm时,铁基非晶合金/Al/KH560样品最低峰对应频率低于铁基非晶合金/KH560的相应峰位,铁基非晶合金粉体表面镀铝可明显改善其复合材料的低频微波吸收特性。     

熔体快淬与高能球磨法相结合制备TbCu7 型单相Sm-Fe-Zr-Nb合金

研究了Sm-Fe-Zr-Nb合金粉末在高能球磨过程中获得完全非晶态的相变过程。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和高分辨率透射电镜分析了研磨时间对Sm-Fe-Zr-Nb合金粉末的相组成及形貌的影响。结果表明：球磨2.5 h左右可得到完整的非晶态微观结构,球磨3 h以上,非晶态基体中析出尺寸约5 nm的α-Fe相,短程有序原子团数量增加。对球磨2.5 h后的非晶合金进行晶化处理后,得到了微观组织均匀的TbCu₇型单相合金,等轴晶尺寸约30 nm。该微观组织调控对改善氮化后的磁性能起关键作用。     

FeCuNbSiB非晶带材/环氧树脂复合材料界面设计及其吸波性能

针对FeCuNbSiB非晶带材与环氧树脂基体不浸润的难题,本文通过表面化学改性,在FeCuNbSiB非晶带材两面分别生成一层厚度5μm~10μm、相结构为Cu_0.75Fe_2.25O₄和Fe₃O₄的界面层。界面层与带材结合强度高,与环氧树脂浸润性好;以FeCuNbSiB非晶带材为增强材料,同时按FSS网络设计的FeCuNbSiB非晶带材/环氧树脂铺层在13-18GHz频带出现R=-5dB~-10dB的吸收峰。增加铺层数,吸收峰值不变,但吸收峰频带往低频率方向移动。利用此特性可以修正其它复合材料的雷达波吸波特性,拓宽吸收频带,增加吸波性能。     

碳包覆坡莫合金纳米颗粒的爆轰法制备及吸波性能研究

采用尿素络合硝酸铁、硝酸镍制成的掺杂铁镍离子的安全性复合炸药,爆轰合成了碳包覆纳米坡莫合金复合粒子。通过TEM、XRD、Raman光谱对纳米粒子进行了形貌、结构和成分分析表明,所合成纳米粒子呈球形核壳结构,粒径为40～60nm,中心为铁镍合金核,外包覆层为石墨层与无定形碳。为检验所合成的碳包覆坡莫合金粒子的电磁波吸收性能,将之与石蜡制成复合涂层,通过矢量网格分析仪,在2～18 GHz吸收频段对不同厚度复合涂层进行了电磁损耗能力测定。结果表明,当涂层厚度为2mm时,铁镍原子比1:4纳米粒子的吸波层出现了双吸收峰,峰值分别为-14.6dB (9.7 GHz)和-7.7 dB (14.3 GHz),-10 dB吸收频带范围为8.5～11.8 GHz;而铁镍原子比1:1纳米粒子的吸波层吸收波峰在12.88 GHz,峰值为-30,-10 dB的吸收频带范围为9.7～14.4 GHz,具有较宽吸收频带和优良的吸波性能。     

B含量对Fe90-xPt10Bx液态急冷合金组织结构和磁性能的影响

本工作研究了低Pt含量的Fe_90-xPt₁₀B_x (x=15~40,原子分数,%)系液态急冷合金热处理前后的组织结构和磁性能。结果表明,x由15增加至25~30可提高合金的非晶形成能力,急冷合金由非晶+fcc-FePt复相组织转变为单一非晶态结构;当x进一步增加至35和40时,合金分别由fcc-FePt+Fe₂B+FeB和L1₀-FePt+FeB纳米复相组织构成。经适当热处理后,x=15~20的合金具有fcc-FePt+Fe₂B复相组织而呈软磁性;x=25~40的合金形成了由有序面心四方结构的永磁L1₀-FePt相和软磁Fe₂B/FeB组成的纳米复相组织,显示出永磁特性,其中x=30的合金经823 K热处理900 s后具有最佳的永磁性能,矫顽力、剩磁和最大磁能积分别为173.2 kA/m,1.20 T和88.3 kJ/m^₃,其优异的永磁性能源于分布均匀、平均晶粒尺寸约为15 nm的永磁L1₀-FePt相和软磁Fe₂B相间的交换耦合作用。     

Nd-Fe-C合金的结构及其微波吸收特性研究

采用电弧熔炼及球磨工艺制备出Nd10.2Fe89.8-xCx (x = 0.0, 2.6, 5.2, 7.8) 合金微粉,借助XRD、SEM和网络矢量分析仪等仪器分别对合金微粉的结构、形貌及其微波吸收性能进行了研究。研究发现, 随着C含量的增加,Nd10.2Fe89.8-xCx合金的最小反射峰频率高频方向移动;其中Nd10.2Fe84.6C5.2合金具有最好的吸波效果,在最佳匹配厚度1.8 mm下,Nd10.2Fe84.6C5.2合金的最小反射损耗在5.2 GHz处达到-13.2 dB左右,反射损耗小于-10 dB的频带宽度达到了1.2 GHz。随着匹配厚度的增加最小反射损耗向低频移动,最小反射损耗与干涉损耗有关。     

MnAl粉体微波吸收特性的研究

采用电弧熔炼和高能球磨以及回火热处理工艺制备了Mn55Al45合金粉体,使用SEM、XRD和网络矢量分析仪分析了球磨时间和回火温度对Mn55Al45合金微粉的形貌、相结构及吸波性能的影响。结果表明：随球磨时间增加,粉体中Al2Mn3和Al11Mn14的相对含量会随之而增加;粉体的复介电常数虚部、复磁导率虚部的共振峰频率和吸收峰频率都随球磨时间的增加而逐渐向低频移动,球磨18 h的粉体有很好的频宽效果; 球磨24 h时,反射率峰值在16 GHz处达到 -28 dB。随回火温度的增加,粉体中的Al2Mn3增多,球磨 18 h后和 经400 ℃回火处理的粉体,在 6 GHz～ 18 GHz频段内有较好的综合吸波性能。在吸波涂层厚度d=2.0 mm 下, 400 ℃回火处理的粉体在17 GHz频率处具有最小反射率值为-26.4 dB。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备La1-xSrxMnO3及其电磁性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法,制备了La_1-xSr_xMnO₃(LSMO)纳米微粉。探究了Sr^₂₊的掺杂量对LSMO晶体结构、磁学性质、电磁特性和微波吸收性能的影响。结果表明,随Sr^₂₊含量的升高,样品的晶格常数和Mn-O-Mn键角增大,平均晶粒尺寸逐渐下降,样品出现从反铁磁性向铁磁性的转变,复介电常数呈先增大后减小的趋势。在2~18GHz内,x=0的样品在厚度为2mm时有最佳吸波效果,反射率小于-10dB对应的有效吸波频段为12.5~18GHz;Sr^₂₊的掺杂可使吸波频段有效的向低频移动,在X波段内,x=0.2的样品在厚度为2.3mm时的有效带宽达2.6GHz,证明LSMO是一种性能优异的介电损耗型吸波材料。     

X-ray diffraction study of Ba0.985Na0.015Ti0.985Nb0.015O3, Ba0.6Na0.4Ti0.6Nb0.4O3 and Ba0.3Na0.7Ti0.3Nb0.7O3 compositions

The Ba_0.985Na_0.015Ti_0.985Nb_0.015O₃, Ba_0.6Na_0.4Ti_0.6Nb_0.4O₃ and Ba_0.3Na_0.7Ti_0.3Nb_0.7O₃ compositions of the (1 − x) BaTiO₃–xNaNbO₃ (BTNNx) system have been studied by X-ray diffraction and by measurements of dielectric properties. The specimens with composition BTNN (x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) have been refined by the JANA program from X-ray powder diffraction data. Ceramic samples with composition (1 − x) BaTiO₃ + xNaNbO₃ (where x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) were prepared by calcinations from appropriate mixture of BaCO₃, TiO₂, Na₂CO₃ and Nb₂O₅. The calcined powder was sintered at temperature range 1200–1400 °C. As the composition x increased from 0.015 (and 0.70), the ferroelectric ceramics (x = 0.015, FE) with tetragonal phase changed to the ferroelectric relaxors (RFE, x = 0.40). RFE ceramics showed a peculiar diffuse phase transition and dielectric relaxation at the low temperature (down to 180 K) due to a frustration between RFE and FE state. These ceramics present the classical ferroelectric character when 0 ≤ x < 0.075 and 0.55 < x ≤ 1 and relaxor character when 0.075 ≤ x ≤ 0.55.     

Magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe76Nb2Si13B9, Fe75Ag1Nb2Si13B9 and Fe75Cu1Nb2Si13B9 amorphous alloys

Influence of 1 h annealing in vacuum on magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉, Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ melt spun ribbons were carefully investigated. It was shown that in all cases soft magnetic properties can be significantly enhanced by applying 1-h annealing at characteristic temperatures T_op. This optimization annealing causes that permeability increases more than 15-times and magnetic losses (tangent of loss angle) achieves a minimum in relation to the as quenched state. Using structural examinations (X-ray and HRTEM) it was shown that for the Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy the optimized microstructure corresponds to a nanocrystalline αFe(Si) phase whereas in other alloys to a relaxed amorphous phase free of iron nanograins. As a consequence of this fact the Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloys show higher plasticity in comparison to the nanocrystalline Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy. Temperatures of the first stage of crystallization, and related diffusion parameters were determined using measurements of resistivity versus temperature with different heating rates.     

Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42-H2O体系的沉淀配合平衡热力学

针对草酸盐配位共沉淀热分解还原法制备超细铁镍合金粉过程中Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42--H2O体系的溶液平衡建立热力学分析模型,并根据模型进行相关计算,揭示反应体系中各物质随pH值、氨及草酸浓度的变化关系。结果表明:溶液中的Fe主要以[Fe(C2O4)n]2 2n络合物形式存在,而铁氨络合物含量很低。当氨含量较低时,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在;氨含量较高时,在酸性条件下,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在,在碱性条件下,则主要以[Ni(NH3)n]2+存在。低pH值下,Ni的沉淀率较Fe的高,而高pH值下,Ni的沉淀率则较Fe的低。     

New Zr6CoAs2-type compounds: Y6CoBi2, Ho6CoBi2 and Tm6CoBi2

Results of a powder X-ray diffraction investigation of new ternary compounds are reported. The compounds Y₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8312(1) nm, c=0.4144(1) nm], Ho₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8246(2) nm, c=0.4095(1) nm], and Tm₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8155(2) nm, c=0.4066(1) nm] crystallize in the hexagonal Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure (space group P6b2m No. 189). The Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure is a superstructure of the Fe₂P-type structure.     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

Al2O3-Sm2O3-CeO2电解质的性能（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法和低温燃烧技术制备Ce1-xSmxO2（x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3）和掺杂Sm和（2%-8%）Al2O3的二氧化铈;研究其合成、结构、致密化、导电性和热膨胀等性能,并利用XRD研究其结构和相组成。结果表明,于1300°C烧结球团,获得致密的陶瓷,于1250°C在Ce0.8Sm0.2O0.2中加入2%和4%的Al2O3以促进烧结。利用扫描电子显微镜观察烧结后球团的表面形貌,使用双探针交流阻抗谱研究总离子电导率。     

Zur Kenntnis von RbBa3Ca4Cu3V7O28

Single crystals of RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ were prepared above the melting point of the reaction mixture. It crystallizes with hexagonal symmetry, space group C_6V⁴-P6₃mc, a 11.1751, c 12.434 Å, Z = 2. RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ is the second member of a new structure type of the copper-oxovanadates. Ba²⁺ shows an unusual 12-fold coordination. The two calcium positions are coordinated by trigonal prisms and octahedra respectively. The copper coordination is characterized by a stretched square pyramid. The Cu²⁺ ions are outside the centre nearly in plane of the pyramids.

Zusammenfassung

Einkristalle von RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ wurden oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes der Reaktionsmischung erhalten. Die Verbindung kristallisiert hexagonal, Raumgruppe C_6V⁴-P6₃mc, a 11.1751, c 12.434 Å, Z = 2. RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ ist das zweite Beispiel für einen neuen Strukturtyp der Kupfer-Oxovanadate, mit 12-fach koordinierten Ba²⁺ -Ionen. Die zwei Calciumpositionen sind trigonal prismatisch bzw. oktaedrisch koordiniert. Die Koordination der Cu²⁺-Ionen ist durch eine gestreckte Pyramide charakterisiert. Cu²⁺ ist auβerhalb des Polyederzentrums nahezu in der quadratischen Fläche der Pyramide angeordnet.     

Sinterability and dielectric properties of Ba0.55Sr0.4Ca0.05TiO3-CaTiSiO5-Mg2TiO4 composite ceramics

The composite ceramics of Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-CaTiSiO₅-Mg₂TiO₄ (BSCT-CTS-MT) were prepared by the conventional solid-state route. The sintering performance, phase structures, morphologies, and dielectric properties of the composite ceramics were investigated. The BSCT-CTS-MT ceramics were sintered at 1100 °C and possessed dense microstructure. The dielectric constant was tailored from 1196 to 141 as the amount of Mg₂TiO₄ increased from 0 to 50 wt%. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of 40 wt% Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-10 wt% CaTiSiO₅-50 wt% Mg₂TiO₄ was 141 and 0.0020, respectively, and the tunability was 8.64% under a DC electric field of 8.0 kV/cm. The Curie peaks were broadened and depressed after the addition of CaTiSiO₅. The optimistic dielectric properties made it a promising candidate for the application of tunable capacitors and phase shifters.     

电弧喷涂制备Fe65Cr20Mo7B3.5SiMn1.5W3涂层

在Q235低碳钢板上利用电弧喷涂工艺进行喷涂,以制得Fe65Cr20Mo7B3.5SiMn1.5W3涂层。喷涂材料为自行配制的丝材,按照35%的填充率将配好的粉填充到U型不锈钢外皮中,经过多道拉拔、挤压工艺制成Φ2mm的粉芯丝材。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、透射电镜对涂层的物相和组织形貌及成分进行了表征;采用差示扫描量热仪、显微硬度仪等设备对涂层的热稳定性及显微硬度进行了检测和分析。试验结果表明:涂层组织形貌呈典型的层状组织结构,由变形良好的带状粒子相互搭接堆积而成。涂层含有50.63%的非晶相,同时含有纳米级的晶相。涂层组织均匀、结构致密、孔隙率低,并且涂层硬度高达1040.5HV0.3,属硬质涂层,具有良好的热稳定性。