多约束的小型水电站厂内定负荷运行优化模型

以小型水电站的实际特性为依据,在满足电站日常要求下考虑多种约束条件,建立小型水电站厂内定负荷运行优化模型,采用递推优选法对模型进行求解。以四川龙潭水电站为实例,采用该模型对水电站机组运行参数进行优化,优化后日发电耗流量由7.459 m3/（kW·h）下降至7.349 m3/（kW·h）,且所有机组均处在建议的运行工况区。对于小型水电站厂内优化运行问题,所采用的计算模型求解精度高、结果稳定,能有效避开机组振动区。     

水电站厂内经济运行系统设计与实现

为满足水电站优化运行及高效管理的迫切需求,以水电站厂内经济运行原理为基础,提出了基于B/S模式的水电站厂内经济运行系统解决方案,详细论述了厂内经济运行系统的软件架构及系统实现的关键技术,根据水电站实际业务需求设计了系统的功能结构,并将其运用到宝珠寺水电站。实际运行情况表明,该系统稳定可靠、界面友好、交互性强,能够有效提高水电站运行管理水平,具有良好的工程应用价值。     

基于改进狼群算法的水电站厂内优化运行研究

针对水电站厂内运行中机组负荷分配问题的高维度、多约束的特点,提出了一种基于差分进化算法的自适应狼群算法,结合水电站厂内优化运行的优化目标和约束条件,以龙潭水电站日常运行数据为基础,采用该算法进行求解,并与遗传算法和原狼群算法计算结果进行比较。结果表明,该算法在计算耗时和收敛精度上均较遗传算法和原狼群算法有一定的改善,能满足电站实时性和精度要求,具有良好的全局搜索能力,在计算高维多机组负荷分配问题时能快速有效摆脱局部最优情况趋向全局最优解。     

巨型水电站厂内负荷准实时优化分配模型研究

目前,水电站厂内负荷准实时优化分配在中小型水电站得到了较好的应用,而在巨型水电站却缺乏深入研究。基于巨型水电站的实际生产运行情况,充分考虑其所担负的电网调峰、调频任务,增加了避免机组负荷大面积转移的约束条件;设计了巨型水电站厂内负荷准实时优化分配模块;采用改进动态规划算法,以水电站耗水量最小为目标,建立了巨型水电站厂内负荷准实时优化分配模型,并将该模型应用于四川省瀑布沟巨〖JP3〗型水电站(3 600 MW)。结果表明,通过厂内负荷准实时优化分配运行,电厂日发电耗水率由2.678 m3/(kW·h)〖JP〗下至降2.599 m3/(kW·h);厂内经济运行效益提高近3%;平均计算耗时0.102 s。该结果为研究巨型水电站厂内负荷优化分配提供了可靠参数,其建模思路也可供类似巨型水电站借鉴和参考。     

小型水电站的设备防雷设计

小型水电站大多地处山区，厂内控制设备遭遇雷击的情况时有发生，特别是采用了计算机控制设备以后，设备耐雷击水平大大降低，但如果在低压母线上布设避雷器，在电源接口加装浪涌电流吸收装置，并采用合理的接地方式，则会在很大程度上缓解雷电波对控制设备的破坏，保证电站设备的正常稳定运行。     

基于递推优选法的水电站厂内经济运行研究

针对水电站运行特点,以广西三岔水电站为例,基于水电站经济运行准则,介绍了一种制定水电站厂内经济运行采用的数学模型与递推优选求解方法.结果表明,该算法效果良好,为经济运行方案的实施奠定了理论基础.     

水电站过渡过程程序可视化设计的思路及实现

针对水电站过渡过程计算和水电站引水发电系统布置的实际情况，利用面向对象方法，实现对水电站引水发电系统的图形化模拟，实现自动建立实体间的拓扑关系，以及实现数据图形的无缝连接。     

动态规划法在水电站厂内经济运行中的应用

利用动态规划建立了水电站厂内经济运行有功负荷分配数学模型。详细分析了动态规划法应用于水电站厂内经济运行的实施方案。方案同时考虑了机组检修和振动对有功负荷分配的影响。结合刘家峡水电站进行实例计算，结果表明，对机组台数较少的水电站，基于动态规划的水电站厂内经济运行实施方案不仅能够提高经济效益，而且能够保证系统运行的实时性。     

考虑动态出力系数的某水库优化调度模型及应用

针对综合出力系数是水电站高效运行的重要动态参数且现有研究中多采用定值、过于理想化的问题,建立考虑厂内经济运行和动态出力系数的某水库优化调度模型,并应用遗传算法求解。对某水库的优化调度结果表明,采用动态出力系数的优化调度模型效益提升相较于定出力系数更优,发电效益最大可提升5.15%,达到了高效发电的目标,可为水库日常调度提供参考。     

考虑动态出力系数的某水库优化调度模型及应用

针对综合出力系数是水电站高效运行的重要动态参数且现有研究中多采用定值、过于理想化的问题,建立考虑厂内经济运行和动态出力系数的某水库优化调度模型,并应用遗传算法求解。对某水库的优化调度结果表明,采用动态出力系数的优化调度模型效益提升相较于定出力系数更优,发电效益最大可提升5.15%,达到了高效发电的目标,可为水库日常调度提供参考。     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

机车车轮多轴疲劳强度安全评定的研究

使用ANSYS8.0软件对高速列车车轮进行了三维有限元分析,计算出车轮在直线、曲线和道岔条件下牵引、制动共6种工况时孔边薄弱部位的应力,分别通过Mises等效平均应力方法、Sines平均主应力方法和应力分量中考虑平均应力方法计算出应力在极值位置时的等效应力幅、等效平均应力,从而进一步算出车轮的安全系数,对其疲劳强度进行评定,并对3种方法进行了比较研究。     

Constructal optimization of the geometry of an array of micro-channels

This paper documents the geometric optimization of an array of circular and non-circular ducts. The optimization was carried out numerically using finite volume method. As optimal dimensions were independent of the array configuration, the numerical simulation was performed on a unit cell. Numerical optimization for circular, square and isosceles right triangle cross-sections of channels was performed. Based on the results of this investigation, some correlations were proposed to predict the optimal hydraulic diameter and dimensionless heat transfer per unit volume. In addition to examining the effect of pressure drop on these parameters, it was showed that among the different geometries of this study, square cross-section has the most efficiency for a given volume. The numerical results of the present study were compared with approximate results reported in the literature which a good agreement was observed.     

固体热辐射Yong性能分析

本文对漫灰均温物体在常物性条件下对外辐射传热的Ｙｏｎｇ值计算建立了数学模型。通过与物体内能Ｙｏｎｇ公式的数值计算比较,得出了辐射能量的Ｙｏｎｇ值不大于内能Ｙｏｎｇ值的结论。从初步的热射Ｙｏｎｇ值计算公式发现。Ｙｏｎｇ与物体表面辐射率有关。     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

Measurements of concentration distribution of hydrogen jet using deflection of center of the laser spot

The main purpose of this work is to propose a new method to evaluate the concentration distribution of the hydrogen jet by using a He–Ne laser through the jet. This research attempts to apply the expression of concentration Gaussian distribution, the refraction formula of inhomogeneous refractive index medium, and the concentration inversion function to disclose the displacement of the center of the laser spot at different heights in the gas jet. The spot images of the laser beam passing through the gas jet at three vertical heights z = 10d, 20d, 30d, and different radial positions are obtained. The radial spatial asymmetry of the gas jet is also found in the experiment. Finally, the calculated concentration distribution curve and the fluent simulation curve, it is found that the two results are very similar. Our findings show that the error between the concentration distribution of this method and the simulated concentration distribution reaches 2.43%.     

汽轮机零件防锈性能的改善

介绍了汽轮机零件的封存特点、防锈要求及防锈油性能对比试验的方法,通过对试验结果的对比分析,客观验证了各种防锈油的性能。试验表明,只有选择了合适的防锈油,才能保证汽轮机零件长期封存的质量。