Co掺杂钙钛矿SrTiO3磁性机理的理论研究

采用第一性原理LDA+U方法研究了Co掺杂SrTiO3的磁性机理,对不同掺杂体系的基态能量、电子结构、态密度、居里温度及缺陷替位能进行了计算分析。结果表明,无氧空位的掺杂体系呈现出反铁磁性或顺磁性,而有氧空位掺杂体系却表现出铁磁性;掺杂体系的晶胞磁矩主要来自于Co离子局域磁矩的贡献;随着Co和氧空位浓度的增加,掺杂体系表现出室温铁磁性;Co离子和氧空位的共同作用降低了体系的缺陷替位能;掺杂体系中Co离子之间的铁磁性耦合可以用束缚磁极子机制解释。     

铝共掺杂调制ZnO∶Mn纳米棒阵列的磁学和电学特性

采用磁控溅射方法制备了锰掺杂氧化锌和铝、锰共掺杂氧化锌纳米棒阵列并详细研究了它们的电学和磁学特性。微结构测试的结果表明,掺杂后的氧化锌纳米棒阵列保持了纤锌矿晶体结构,掺杂锰离子和铝离子占据了晶体中锌离子的位置实现了替位式掺杂。磁学性质测试结果表明铝、锰共掺杂氧化锌纳米棒在室温下具有明显的铁磁性,饱和磁矩为0.33μB/Mn atom,是居里温度高于室温的一维稀磁半导体材料。电学性质测试结果表明铝的共掺杂可以使得锰掺杂氧化锌纳米棒的电阻率降低4个数量级,使得铝、锰共掺杂氧化锌纳米棒有可能在未来自旋电子器件中作为高效自旋注入元器件得到广泛应用。     

过渡金属(TM=V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni)掺杂GeSe的高温铁磁半导体薄膜（英文）

具有高温铁磁性的IV族金属硫族化物磁性半导体薄膜是半导体自旋电子器件所需要的重要材料.本文采用固体源化学气相沉积法制备了一系列过渡金属元素(TM=V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co和Ni)掺杂GeSe的多晶半导体薄膜样品.磁性测量表明, Mn, Fe和Co掺杂的GeSe薄膜表现出较强的铁磁性,居里温度(TC)分别高达277, 255和243 K,而V, Cr和Ni掺杂GeSe的多晶薄膜表现出较弱的铁磁性.磁电输运测量表明, Mn, Fe和Co掺杂GeSe的多晶薄膜具有相对较高的空穴浓度,在300 K下高达～10²⁰cm^-3.基于实验和计算结果的进一步分析表明, Mn, Fe和Co掺杂GeSe的多晶薄膜中的强铁磁性归因于载流子增强的Ruderman-KittelKasuya-Yosida相互作用.我们的研究结果展示了过渡金属掺杂GeSe的磁性半导体薄膜的丰富多样性,并为相关基础研究和器件应用提供了一个新平台.     

半掺杂Pr0.5Ca0.5Mn1-xCrxO3体系的电荷有序和磁电阻效应

研究了钙钛矿型半掺杂锰氧化物Pr0.5Ca0.5Mn1-xCrxO3(x=0、0.03、0.05、0.07、0.10)体系的输运性质、电荷有序和磁电阻效应.结果表明,Cr离子替代Mn位,增强了Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3的铁磁性、金属电导和磁电阻值.在低掺杂情况下(x=0.03、0.05),Cr3 的掺杂使体系的铁磁性增强,当x＞0.05时(x=0.07、0.10),体系的铁磁性随x增大缓慢减弱.同时,随着掺杂量的增大,体系中的电荷有序相逐渐被抑制,磁电阻值也呈下降趋势,表明电荷有序相与磁电阻效应相关.Cr掺杂引起的各种磁耦合作用,包括Mn3 与Cr3 的铁磁双交换作用,Cr3 -Cr3 、Mn4 -Mn4 、Cr3 -Mn4 之间的反铁磁超交换耦合作用及相分离现象是产生上述结果的主要原因.     

具有室温铁磁性和高空穴迁移率的锰掺杂硅锗薄膜（英文）

本文采用超高真空化学气相沉积系统在锗衬底上外延生长了第IV族硅锗薄膜,然后通过离子注入和快速热退火进行锰元素掺杂.结构测试表明,外延的硅锗薄膜是具有均匀拉伸应变的单晶,随后的离子注入和快速热退火使其变为多晶.磁性测试表明,退火后的薄膜表现出依赖于锰掺杂浓度的铁磁性,居里温度最高可达309 K; X射线磁圆二色谱揭示了替代位锰元素的自旋和轨道磁矩.为最大限度地减少反常霍尔效应的影响,磁输运测试在高达31 T的强磁场下进行,该薄膜在300 K温度下空穴迁移率达到创纪录的～1230 cm²V^-1s^-1.此高迁移率归因于样品较高的结晶质量和拉伸应变对能带的调制.本文首次展示了具有室温铁磁性和高载流子迁移率的锰掺杂硅锗薄膜,有望促进基于第IV族半导体的自旋电子材料与器件的实际应用.     

双钙钛矿氧化物La_(2-x)Sr_xNiMnO_6(x=0,0.15)的电磁特性研究

采用固相反应法制备了双钙钛矿锰氧化物La_(2-x)Sr_xNiMnO_6(x=0, 0.15)样品。XRD测试结果表明,两个样品成相良好,属于钙钛矿晶体结构;通过磁化强度随温度变化曲线(M-T)可判定Sr掺杂导致样品铁磁性减弱,反铁磁性增强,等温磁化曲线(M-H)可进一步证实这一结论;两个样品的磁滞回线、2K下的磁滞回线的放大图和拉曼光谱测试结果可以共同说明Sr的掺杂使得系统反位无序度和反位缺陷增大、反位无序之间的反铁磁耦合增强、反铁磁性反相边界增加;同时χ~(-1)-T曲线在居里温度附近向上背离居里-外斯定律情况有减弱的趋势,用反位缺陷与反铁磁耦合强度之间相对强弱关系的变化可以解释这一现象;掺Sr之后,LSNMO系统的FCC和FCW曲线不重合是一级相变的典型特征,用重标定曲线和Arrott曲线可以进一步证实这一现象;同时两样品的电阻率随温度变化结果表明La_(1.85)Sr_(0.15)NiMnO_6的金属-绝缘体转变温度降低、在0和2T下测得的电阻率之间的差值增大。     

锰位Cu离子掺杂对层状锰氧化物La1.2Ca1.8Mn2O7电磁性能的影响

研究了Cu离子掺杂对层状钙钛矿结构锰氧化物La1.2Ca1.8Mn2O7电磁性能的影响.观察到低含量Cu掺杂样品铁磁性减弱,出现金属-绝缘转变与团簇玻璃态行为;高含量Cu掺杂样品为绝缘体,出现顺磁与自旋玻璃态行为.相对小极化子跃迁模型或热激活半导体带隙模型而言,可变程跃迁模型更好地描述了载流子在顺磁状态的电输运机制.     

Mn掺杂ZnO囊泡结构的制备

通过两步或三步法分别制备两层或三层结构的碳球模板,在溶液中的Zn离子和Mn离子在模板上吸附后再进行煅烧.TEM及SEM显示,煅烧后得到完全复制碳膜板结构的多层Mn掺杂ZnO囊泡.EDS显示Mn在ZnO中的掺杂含量约为1％.样品具有室温铁磁性,饱和磁化率(Ms)及矫顽磁场(Hc)分别为0.032A·m²/kg及0.781kA/m.这种Mn掺杂ZnO纳米囊泡结构使新奇的囊泡结构和ZnO的磁性性能得到了完美的结合.     

掺铁氧化锌室温磁性半导体

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Zn0.98Fe0.02O块材样品,利用XRD检测了样品的结构.结果表明样品具有ZnO的六角结构,并且只有ZnO的衍射峰出现,没有Fe或Fe的化合物等杂相存在,说明样品只包含单相ZnO.结果还进一步说明掺杂的部分Fe替代了部分Zn的位置.利用VSM所作的分析测量表明,样品是铁磁性的,且居里温度高于室温.     

注入剂量对300℃下Mn+注入p型GaN薄膜的结构和磁性影响

在(0001)面的蓝宝石衬底上用低压MOCVD法生长p型GaN外延层.对p型GaN薄膜用180keV的Mn 离子注入进行磁性粒子掺杂,注入时GaN薄膜处于300℃,注入剂量分别为5.0×1015、1.0×1016和5.0×1016cm-2.对注入的样品在N2气流中进行快速热退火处理,温度为850℃,时间为30s.用超导量子干涉仪(SQUID)对样品的磁性进行了分析,在5.0×1015cm-2的注入样品中发现了较强的铁磁性;而1.0×1016和5.0×1016cm-2的Mn 离子注入样品中铁磁响应有所减弱.结合用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对在不同剂量下Mn 注入GaN薄膜的结构、形貌和成分的分析,揭示了不同剂量磁性离子注入给GaN薄膜带来的结构、形貌和相应的铁磁性变化规律,发现只有适当的注入剂量(5.0×1015cm-2)才有利于在300℃下用180keV的Mn 注入对p型GaN薄膜进行磁性离子掺杂.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.