单片机控制的SCR通用驱动装置及其典型应用

介绍了SCR的一种新的通用驱动装置 ,该驱动装置用AVR单片机控制晶闸管的导通角 ,既适合于控制普通晶闸管 ,也适合于控制双向晶闸管或反并联晶闸管。首先介绍基于AVR单片机的内置A/D及其内部闪存资源 (Flash)所设计的检测、控制、SCR触发等硬件电路的结构与基本特点 ,然后介绍如何通过软件设计来实现对不同应用对象的有效控制 ,包括对感应电动机软启动及交流调压调速的控制 ,以及用作无触点开关时对容性、感性负载的无冲击投切控制等。最后 ,结合某些典型应用介绍实测结果     

变压器微机试验系统研究

论述了变压器微机试验系统的设计和实现方法，通过对大型变压器出厂试验项目的分析，提出了能够进行变压器电压比-联接组试验、线圈直流电阻试验、绝缘特性试验以及损耗试验的微机试验系统．系统由微机控制，采用人机对话的形式进行测试，并可打印出符合技术要求的试验报告．最后，具体分析了损耗试验中由于非同步采样而存在的截断误差以及校正方法。     

Application of selftuning regulator algorithm to generating unit controllers

The processing capability of computers makes it feasible to implement sophisticated techniques for process control. However, to minimize the software development costs, it is desirable to develop algorithms that can have a wider application. In keeping with this, an AVR and speed governor for a generating unit have been designed using the same algorithm, called the selftuning regulator. The selftuning AVR and speed governor have been implemented using a microprocessor and a minicomputer online. The feasibility of developing unified algorithms is demonstrated by means of realtime tests, in which the two controllers are used simultaneously for a generating unit physical model.     

Voltage oscillatory instability caused by induction motor loads

Isolated power systems which fit the structure of a single equivalent generator supplying an equivalent composite load can experience a voltage oscillatory instability entirely traceable to the effects of induction motor loads interacting with automatic voltage regulators. This scenario is one where an AVR properly tuned for open circuit conditions is not necessarily well tuned for the on load condition. The phenomenon is explained and a simple solution through AVR compensation is suggested     

PID controller for automatic voltage regulator using teaching–learning based optimization technique

The present work presents teaching–learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm as an optimization technique in the area of tuning of the classical controller installed in automatic voltage regulator (AVR). The proposed TLBO algorithm is applied with an aim to find out the optimum value of proportional integral derivative (PID) controller gains with first order low pass filter installed in the AVR. The voltage response of the AVR system, as obtained by using the proposed TLBO based PID controller with first order low pass filter, is compared to those offered by the other algorithms reported in the recent state-of-the-art literatures. The advantage of using this control strategy may be noted by providing good dynamic responses over a wide range of system parametric variations. For on-line, off-nominal operating conditions, fast acting Sugeno fuzzy logic technique is applied to obtain the on-line dynamic responses of the studied model. Furthermore, robustness analysis is also carried out to check the performance of the designed TLBO based PID controller. An analysis, based on voltage response profile, has been investigated with the variations of the model parameters. The simulation results show that the proposed TLBO based PID controller is a significant optimization tool in the subject area of the AVR system. The essence of the present work signifies that the proposed TLBO technique maybe, successfully, applied for the AVR of power system.     

基于AVR单片机的电力变压器试验自动测试装置的设计与实现

设计并实现了一款基于AVR单片机的电力变压器试验自动测试装置,详细介绍了该测试装置的硬件实现方案和软件设计思路。本测试装置采用高速、高精度的A/D转换芯片MAX1320,并以AVR单片机ATmega128为核心,不仅实现了对电力变压器空载试验和负载试验的自动测试,提高了效率,避免了人为误差,而且具有体积小、成本低的优点。     

电励磁双凸极电机数字电压调节器的研究与实现

针对新型电励磁双凸极电机,设计出数字电压调节器。它以TMS320F240型DSP为核心CPU,充分利用DSP丰富的内部外设模块,简化了系统硬件结构。由于DSP的高速运算处理能力,数字调压器能胜任更先进的控制算法,且易于扩展保护功能。实验结果表明,设计的数字调压器已具有良好的调压性能。     

A Performance Analysis of Microprocessor-Based Control Systems Applied to Adjustable Speed Motor Drives

Speed regulators for motor drives can be classified into four types according to the degree of accuracy and the response time required for a given application. Formulas are presented which can be used to determine the number of bits and the sampling time which are required of a microprocessor for a thyristor drive microprocessor-based speed regulating system. A systematic approach is also proposed which application engineers can use to evaluate and select the most adequate microprocessor from those commercially available for different types of digital speed regulators.     

电力系统电压调节器参数整定

提出一种电力系统电压调节器（PSVR）参数整定方法，以浙江电力系统为例进行了仿真计算验证其正确性。在切机扰动方式下，校核HSVC、PSVR和AVR控制方式对系统无功电压的影响，计算结果表明，采用HSVC和PSVR均有利于维持系统电压，暂态电压恢复更快。     

小型拖拉机用永磁发电机的电子串并联稳压器及其分析

研制开发了带有电子电压调节器的小型拖拉机用永磁交流发电机,该发电机在原动机规定转速范围内,其输出电压基本恒定,是目前小型拖拉机及农用三轮车照明及信号系统的理想电源设备.文中对并联调节和串联调节两种稳压方式进行了分析、比较,并给出了样机实验结果.     

基于DSP的飞机高压直流电源数字调压器研究

提出一种适用于飞机高压直流电源系统的数字电压调节器,它以TMS320F240型DSP为核心CPU,充分利用DSP丰富的内部外设模块,简化了系统硬件结构。由于DSP的高速运算处理能力,数字调压器可以采用更先进的算法。实验结果表明,研制的数字调压器样机具有良好的调压性能。     

A practical approach to the order reduction of a power system model for small signal stability analysis

A linearized power system model suitable for small signal stability analysis or automatic voltage regulators (AVR) and power system stabilizers (PSS) synthesis is derived in the paper. It is derived using the 5th order synchronous machine model with damping winding, the second order IEEE Type 1 AVR and the third order PSS. A new method of model construction and decoupling is given. Using a singular perturbation method the power system model is separated into decoupled lower order slow and fast subsystems. The new proposed model was tested on a real power system in Serbia.     

双稳态永磁机构智能控制器研制

研制了双稳态永磁机构智能控制器,利用AVR单片机作为主控芯片进行了硬件设计。控制器包括电源、微处理器系统、电容器电压检测电路、分合闸线圈控制电路、输入/输出单元、过压/欠压监视、保护单元等部分。提出了保证IGBT并联电路可靠工作以及避免影响手动分/合闸的技术措施。Multisim软件的仿真结果验证了所设计电路的可行性;工业现场实验结果表明该控制器性能可靠,能够实现对开关的智能化控制。     

模糊励磁控制器的研制

设计和实现了一种极坐标型的模糊励磁控制器。该控制器含有一个电压模块，实现自动电压调节器AVR(Automatic Voltage Regulator)的功能；一个阻尼模块，实现电力系统稳定器PSS(Power System Stabilizer)的功能。两者采用相似的极坐标控制规律，共同实现励磁控制。通过仿真和试验优化了模糊励磁控制器的参数。在动模机组系统上进行了电压模块试验；在ABB的同步发电机数字仿真器系统上进行了阻尼模块试验；在10MW机组上进行了电压模块的现场试验。试验结果表明该模糊励磁控制器具有优良的电压调节性能，能明显提高电力系统的稳定性，抑制电力系统低频报荡，对发电机运行工况及系统网络结构变化具有较好的鲁棒性。该控制器还具有物理概念清晰、结构简单、参数整定和调试方便等特点，易于工程技术人员掌握。     

考虑电压电流约束的感应电机容错运行对比研究

围绕电机驱动系统可靠性提高问题,对现有几种具备容错运行能力的三相感应电机驱动系统性能开展了对比研究。对容错控制策略的评估应考虑电机驱动系统输出的实际转矩和转速,而这主要取决于系统电流和电压约束。考虑到励磁电流的存在,感应电机驱动系统中的电流极限不如永磁电机驱动系统中的电流极限直观,同时逆变器和电机都存在对系统电压的限制,故通过推导故障后电机驱动系统的电压方程,分析得到了电机参数、运行工作点和电压电流约束对输出转速的影响,并指出优化拓扑可使故障后电机运行在额定转速以上以获得额外的功率。利用搭建的感应电机驱动测试平台开展了实验研究,不同容错策略的对比实验结果验证了理论分析。     

基于单片机的光电无接触转速测量仪的设计

利用AT89S52单片机作为微处理器,设计了一种红外线转速测量装置。当电动机转动时,利用槽式光电传感器对其进行光电信号采样:1个二极管发射红外线,1个二极管接收红外线,通过齿盘对光路的间歇遮挡使接收二极管接收到的信号变为光脉冲。单片机对二极管接收到的脉冲计数,从而计算出转速,通过1602液晶显示器显示出结果。试验结果显示设计制作的转速测量仪测量精度较高,能实时显示测量结果。     

750MW换流站高压晶闸管换流阀低压加压试验分析

在高压晶闸管换流阀低压加压试验方面,国内虽然做过一些工作,但未在理论上给出明确的试验依据,例如触发电压和触发角的取值等,本文对此进行研究,并以灵宝换流站扩建工程换流阀低压加压试验为例分析试验效果。详细阐述了高压晶闸管换流阀的技术特点,简单介绍了直流控制保护系统、阀基电子设备(VBE)的功能,着重分析了晶闸管电子板(TE)取能方式的特点。针对以上技术特点和功能特性,制定了高压晶闸管换流阀低压加压试验方案,通过试验检查了主系统回路逻辑与接线的正确性。本文给出的高压晶闸管换流阀低压加压试验理论依据,可为同类试验提供参考。     

一种锂聚合物电池组平衡电路的设计

以ATMEL的AVR单片机Atmega8为核心设计了对锂聚合物电池组充电的平衡电路.以AVR单片机为控制核心.速度快、精度高、功能强.能够以电池组最低电池电压为参考电压,将其它电池的电压放电至参考电压,为电池组充电做好准备工作.采用此平衡电路可以有效地防止电池组中单体电池因过充电和充电不足引起的各种问题.     

Optimal Wide Area Controller and State Predictor for a Power System

An optimal wide area controller is designed in this paper for a 12-bus power system together with a Static Compensator (STATCOM). The controller provides auxiliary reference signals for the automatic voltage regulators (AVR) of the generators as well as the line voltage controller of the STATCOM in such a way that it improves the damping of the rotor speed deviations of the synchronous machines. Adaptive critic designs theory is used to implement the controller and enable it to provide nonlinear optimal control over the infinite horizon time of the problem and at different operating conditions of the power system. Simulation results are provided to indicate that the proposed wide area controller improves the damping of the rotor speed deviations of the generators during large scale disturbances. Moreover, a robust radial basis function network based identifier is presented in this paper to predict the states of a multimachine power system in real-time. This wide area state predictor (WASP) compensates for transport lags associated with the present communication technology for wide area monitoring of the electric power grid. The WASP is also robust to partial loss of information caused by larger than expected transport lags or even failed sensors throughout the network     

无刷级联双馈感应发电机稳压控制策略

针对级联双馈感应电机作为无刷变速恒频发电机带负载独立运行控制问题，设计了一种新型稳压控制策略。基于级联双馈感应电机作为无刷变速恒频发电机运行的数学模型，设计了一种易于实施的间接磁场定向矢量控制，可在转速和负载单独变化或一起变化时，稳定发电机的输出电压幅值和频率。同时，电压控制器设计避免了前馈补偿及其所需额外电流传感器的应用，即通过合理设计抑制了耦合效应带来的扰动。利用所搭建的级联双馈感应电机测试平台开展了实验研究，测试结果验证了电压控制器的稳压性能。