Probabilistic production costing: An investigation of alternative algorithms

New production cost algorithms are compared with representative algorithms used by the electric utility industry. Accuracy and efficiency of new and conventional algorithms are assessed using the framework of probabilistic production costing. Their usefulness in the context of long-term capacity expansion models is evaluated. Accuracy is considered in two contexts: first, in fitting original customer demand; and second, in approximating generator forced outages. Comparisons of algorithm efficiency are based on an EPRI synthetic system with dispatch of 174 units. Conventional algorithms are drawn from models in use by TVA, Southern Company and MIT. The new algorithms are based upon continuous functions for fitting the equivalent load curve.     

Probabilitic flows for reliability evaluation of multiarea power system interconnections

The development of a solution method and computer program for the evaluation of multiarea reliability is reported. An interconnected power system is modelled as a capacitated network with probabilistic arc capacities. The proposed solution method consists of an analytic state space decomposition phase and a Monte-Carlo simulation phase. An optimization problem is solved to minimize the total computational time for the two phases. The solution of the optimal mix problem determines the termination of the decomposition phase and the size of sample for the Monte-Carlo phase. A new reliability index, the inadequate transfer capability, is introduced. This measure indicates the relative effectiveness of either increasing existing capacities or opening new interconnections between two areas. The proposed method has been incorporated into a computationally efficient production grade software package, called Remain (Reliability Evaluation of Multiarea Interconnections). The application of Remain to a seven-area example for planning-system enhancement is given. Computational-times data is also presented.     

Computerized interactive model approach to electrical distribution system planning

The results are described of a research effort to apply the latest technology to the problem of energy distribution-system planning. The interactive computerized model used promises to be a valuable means of analysing and planning for future distribution systems.     

Direct method for evaluation of bulk power system reliability Part 1: Theoretical foundation

The reliability of a bulk power system is defined as the probability of the set of states for which the DC load flow is satisfied with a particular demand and there is no line overload. A direct method to find such a set of working states, which does not require the solution of a load flow, is proposed. The method involves (i) replacing two sets, one defined by the constraints on line flows and the other by the constraints on phase angles, by two families of hyperboxes; and (ii) identifying the states for which there occur points in a pair of hyperboxes, one from each family, that satisfy the flow-angle relations. The theoretical foundation of the method is presented.     

Direct method for evaluation of bulk power system reliability Part 2: Solution algorithm

A new approach to the problem of evaluation of bulk power system reliability has been proposed in Part 1 which also includes a theoretical foundation of the approach. A solution algorithm for the same approach is presented. The algorithm is divided into five major steps. The details of each step are described and an illustrative example is given.     

Electromechanical distance measure for decomposition of power systems

A concept of electromechanical distance measure which reflects the interaction among the machines during a transient is presented. This measure is then used as a criterion for decomposing the power system into regions, each requiring different levels of model complexity. The complexity of models for regions decreases progressively away from the point of fault. Grouping of coherent generators within each region can also be done using the results of this analysis. The analysis takes into account the fault location, magnitude of disturbance, and changes in boundary between the study area and the external system.     

电力工程造价管理探讨

通过对预、结算进行全面、系统的检查和复核,及时纠正所存在的错误和问题,使之更加合理地确定工程造价,达到有效地控制电力工程造价的目的。     

Databases for power system calculation

Large database management systems have been developed for commercial applications. Since the volume of data to be processed in technical power system calculations also increases continuously, there is rising interest in using database systems for power systems calculations also. A detailed requirement analysis based on a proposed classification of database approaches is combined with a survey of the state of the art and indications of further development needs.     

Probabilistic simulation incorporating single and multiple hydroelectric units with stochastic energy availabilities

Several extensions are devised to incorporate single and multiple energy-limited hydroelectric units with stochastically-known energy availabilities into probabilistic simulation models of hydrothermal power systems. The methods devised do not present any particular methodological difficulties, other than the need for skillful and careful programming.     

考虑成本系数变动情形下的发电商报价策略研究

研究了在现货市场和合同市场两种情况中,当发电商报价函数的成本系数服从一定分布时的发电商报价策略,得出了其最优产量解,并进行了算例计算。发现不论发电商成本函数中的成本系数服从哪种分布,发电商总可以通过在合同市场和期货市场两个市场套利来规避风险。     

全寿命周期成本理论在电网规划中的应用分析

在简要介绍电网全寿命周期成本理论的基础上,对其在电网规划中的应用原理及国内主要应用情况进行了阐述。通过在配网规划中的应用实例说明电网规划中引入全寿命周期管理的必要性和广阔前景,建议规划工作者大胆尝试将全寿命周期理念引入规划,以促进电网企业管理水平和经济效益的提升。     

基于精益生产理念的电力企业生产计划研究

提出了上海电力运用精益生产理念,在公司"一横三纵"层面,即在市调与3家地调管辖范围内实施综合生产计划项目,第一次将生产计划与调度计划有机结合,通过打破各部门之间的信息壁垒,加强综合生产计划编制的规范性,并将公司业务中与综合生产计划相关的各环节纳入其目标管理,建立统一的综合生产计划系统平台,提高计划安排的合理性和集成性,降低计划变更率和设备重复停役率.     

电力工程施工招投标阶段的造价控制

电力工程通过招投标制,不仅有效的确保了工程质量及工期,鞭策施工单位改进技术、装备与管理水平以适应竞争,而且能对电力工程造价进行良好的控制。,通过加强工程招投标的技术与管理水平,电力工程造价能在有效范围得到控制,同时满足施工单位的合理利润。浅要分析了招投标制对电力工程造价控制的意义、措施,旨在提供实操参坚.     

Economic evaluation of independent power producers viewed from total generating costs of electric power systems

In Japan, electric power utilities purchase electricity from independent power producers (IPPs) through competitive bidding; the IPP evaluation is based on the avoided costs of corresponding generators of utilities. In this evaluation, however, nonpricing factors such as power flow constraints in the electric power system cannot be considered. In this paper, we propose a new approach to evaluate economic impacts of IPPs, the IPP electricity being priced on the basis of total generating costs of the electric power utilities. Such a price to purchase the electricity of IPPs is referred to as the “break‐even cost.” The main results are summarized as follows: 1) Break‐even cost depends on not only the power flow constraints in the system, but also various IPP factors such as generating pattern, location, and capacity, 2) Break‐even cost for the base‐type IPP is higher than the avoided cost of corresponding utility generators, because IPPs located on demand sides can reduce the transmission power loss in the electric power system, 3) Break‐even cost is affected by available capacity of utility generators, especially for the peak‐type IPP generating only during peak demand periods. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 133(2): 20–30, 2000     

含ASVG的电力系统概率暂态稳定评估

随着先进静止无功发生器(ASVG)在电力系统中的应用越来越广泛,研究其对电力系统暂态稳定的影响显得尤为重要。在详细分析了ASVG的模型和控制器后,利用基于非序贯蒙特卡罗仿真的抽样算法,从扰动的随机性和不确定性出发,来研究ASVG对电力系统暂态稳定性的影响,并以多个系统为例,进行了含ASVG的电力系统概率稳定评估。研究结果表明：ASVG的安装地点、安装个数以及网络结构等因素对系统的暂态稳定性有着重要的影响。证明了在理论计算和工程应用中,对于不同的电力网络,选择合理的ASVG安装地点、安装个数等因素的重要性。     

Modified power-to-current measurement transformation for power system state estimation

A state estimation method is presented, which is based on the measurement transformation approach. In this approach, a set of power measurements is transformed into a set of adequate currents. The method is analysed in detail and some modifications, which should improve the statistical properties of the estimator, are proposed. The necessity for modifications is proved both analytically and computationally. The paper also contains results of the simulation studies made on the Polish power system, in which the modified method was compared with some other state estimation methods.     

深圳抽水蓄能电站一次系统的设计

大型抽水蓄能电站以其工况转换多、运行方式灵活、反应速度快等优点,作为保证电力系统安全稳定运行和灵活经济调度的一种发电方式,其一次系统的设计及设备选型,是抽水蓄能电站设计的重点,存在诸多不同于常规电站之处。通过技术、经济分析比较,采用合适的电气主接线与起动方式,并完成设备选型,能保证抽水蓄能电站可靠、安全的运行。     

输电网的规划综合成本法及其应用研究

针对电网发展日益受到土地、环境及风险评估等内外部条件约束的现状,提出一种输电网规划与项目决策的新方法.该方法基于全寿命周期管理的理念,以全社会成本为尺度,对输电网扩展方案的技术性和经济性进行综合评判,通过引入土地机会成本和风险评估方法实现了对电网征地和电网风险等关键因素的量化评估.与传统输电网的规划设计方法进行比对分析表明,该方法能够更加准确地计及输电网规划方案的长期性和全面性,为输电网规划设计技术经济比选方法的改进提供了参考依据.     

电力施工企业工地成本管理

从工地成本的管理、应遵循的各项要求和加强工地成本管理的方法三个大的方面阐述了如何搞好工地成本管理,并以宁夏电建送变电分公司的实践管理经验为例,进一步论证电力施工企业应将财务工作的重心转向成本费用控制,充分运用成本管理的各种方法,加强工地成本管理与控制,方能取得良好的经济效益。     

含大规模风光电源电力系统随机生产模拟

从电源规划的角度,利用随机生产模拟对新能源接入系统发电成本进行评估。根据风电与光伏电源的自身电源特性及其与电网的相互关系,提出风电与光伏电源参与随机生产模拟的原则。根据所提原则对应提出风功率损失期望及弃风比率2个评价指标。并利用IEEE-RTS测试系统验证了所提原则及方法的有效性与可行性。