浅析调速器调节参数设定对系统稳定性的影响

水电机组调速器的安全稳定运行对维持电网频率的稳定和安全至关重要,水轮机调速器调节参数的不当设置将严重影响水电机组调频功能的发挥。由一起电网线路发生相间短路引起调速器动作的行为,分析调速器调节参数对机组调频和系统安全及稳定性的影响,探讨了水电机组调速器参数的设置及参数的优化,提出了相应防范措施。     

基于Matlab GUIDE的汽轮机及调速系统参数辨识数据处理软件

汽轮机组的容量超大型化和参数超临界化的趋势,使得汽轮机及调速系统模型参数的确定对各种热力发电机组的仿真、控制系统的设计及电力系统动态研究具有更加重大意义。由Matlab GUIDE开发平台设计汽轮机及调速系统参数辨识数据处理软件,对原始数据实现图形化截取,并进行小波去噪、数据标幺化、归一化处理,为参数的准确辨识提供基础。软件使用简捷明了,可提高工作效率。对600 MW超超临界机组汽轮机调速系统的试验数据进行处理计算,并用经典与改进模型针对特殊的阶跃响应作出仿真和分析。     

Results of test on microprocessor-based voltage and speed regulators carried out on a large physical model complex

Results of experimental tests carried out with microprocessor-based voltage and speed regulators using a digital-analogue-physical model complex of a large power system at the Siberian Power Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences are described. The physical test facility, and the test objectives and procedures are also outlined. Tests were carried out on a Soviet-built microprocessor AVR and a Canadian-built microprocessor AVR and speed governor. The work described shows that the development of speed and voltage regulators using microprocessors is a feasible and promising proposition.     

SIMULATION FOR SMALL DISTURBANCE STABILITY STUDIES USING FREQUENCY DOMAIN SEPARATION TECHNIQUE

ABSTRACT

This paper describes an application of 2-dimensional frequency domain separation technique for predicting the small disturbance stability for a hydro power system. The stability results were obtained in terms of the two unknown AVR gain control parameters. The effects of two kinds of hydro speed governor–turbine controls on the system's stability limits have been carried out in detail. The system's stability is found greatly affected by different governor–turbine models.     

基于Matlab的大型火电机组一次调频特性仿真

大型发电机组的一次调频对保持电力系统频率稳定、防止因突发的负荷变动及发电机跳闸等功率突变造成的频率波动,引发连锁反应至关重要。为研究大型火电机组的一次调频特性建立了基于Matlab Simulink工具的仿真平台,并给出了利用此平台进行大型火电机组一次调频特性和影响因素研究的结果。该平台为大型火电机组机炉协调运行方式和参数整定等研究提供了定量分析手段。     

宜兴抽水蓄能电厂水轮机调速器控制原理及特点

水轮机调速器是水轮发电机组的主要控制设备之一。控制系统是水轮机调速器的核心。介绍了宜兴抽水蓄能电站水轮机导叶的5种控制方式和调速器的控制原理,以及导叶控制模式的切换的实现方法对调速器的控制特点进行了简要的介绍,对了解国外先进调速器系统有一定的借鉴意义。     

A new variable‐speed,constant‐frequency,stand‐alone power generating system

Variable‐speed and constant‐frequency power generating systems using rotor excitation of the wound‐rotor induction machines have been used for such applications as variable‐speed pump generators and flywheel energy storage systems. However, the stand‐alone generating system of this type has only been reported and has not yet been practically used. On the other hand, the stand‐alone generating systems using diesel engines have been widely used for emergency supplies of plants or isolated islands and so on. However, in these cases, synchronous generators are usually used. If the output frequency is to be kept constant, there is the need to control the speed of the engine using a high‐performance governor. Even then, the output frequency changes in the case of a sudden load change. This paper proposes a new stand‐alone power generating system. In this system, the constant‐frequency output voltage can be obtained even though rotor speed changes by several percent. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 146(2): 75–85, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10191     

Design of a model reference adaptive stabilizer for the exciter andgovernor loops of power generators

The authors present a decentralized model reference adaptive control (DMRAC) scheme for the design of power system stabilizers (PSS) and a means for coordinating the generating unit excitation and governor control loops. In the excitation and governor control loops. In the proposed scheme, the state variables of the generating unit (GU) are to track those of an explicitly specified reference system which is designed to have desirable performance characteristics. The adaptive control law for coordinating the exciter-governor stabilizer signals is derived from a Lyapunov energy function, and thus assures system stability. Decentralized regulation and tracking tests on simulated one-machine infinite bus system show significant improvement in system performance     

基于遗传算法的水轮机模糊自适应PID调速器研究

本文针对水轮机常规PID调速器中不能根据系统的动态过程自动调整控制参数的缺点,提出一种新的基于遗传算法的模糊自适应PID控制算法,该方法采用遗传算法优化模糊推理的模糊规则,并通过模糊推理求解PID参数的变化量.经过仿真表明,该控制算法具有良好的静态和动态性能,并且具有很强的鲁棒性.     

Dynamic stability investigations — Effect of dampin,saturation, governor action and stabilizing link

An automatically controlled power system having a “forced” excitation system, stabilizing link and a fast-acting governing system has been considered for dynamic stability studies. Results are plotted in the form of stability regions in the plane of two AVR parameters using the D-partition technique. A comprehensive study of the effect of damping, saturation, governor action and stabilizing link on the stability limits and on the AVR control parameter settings has been carried out.     

全功率变速抽水蓄能机组控制策略与调节特性

全功率变速抽水蓄能机组协调控制中通常采用变流器控制机组功率、调速器控制机组频率(转速)的快速功率控制,其忽视了对机组频率安全与效率的影响,且控制模式单一。分析了机组多控制模式振荡特性和功频响应特性,提出了机组发电工况快速频率控制与快速功率控制相结合的协调控制策略,以及水泵工况定导叶开度变转速控制策略。设计了常规试验与性能优化试验结合的变速工况调试方法并应用于我国第一台全功率变速抽水蓄能机组启动调试中,验证了控制策略和调试方法的有效性。现场测试结果表明,调速器和变流器控制不协调易引发机组振荡,采取所提协调策略后机组安全高效运行,且具备百毫秒级的有功、无功快速调节能力。     

试论汽轮机的遮断方式

汽轮机的遮断方式是涉及到整个机组安全的重要功能,而危急遮断器是实现汽轮机遮断的重要部件。但随着科技的发展,部件可靠性的增强,新建和改造的系统是否设置低压遮断电磁阀、保留低压遮断器成为问题的焦点。鉴于此,通过对汽轮机遮断方式的论述,分析了传统汽轮机挂闸的概念,对危急遮断器是否保留进行了探讨,并指出了国外发展趋势。     

基于模糊小脑模型的水轮机调速控制

水轮机调速器是控制水轮机输出机械功率的关键设备,是水轮发电机组控制的重要内容。针对非线性复杂时变水轮机调速器,研究了一种模糊小脑模型关节控制器,该智能控制器是一种模糊逻辑与小脑模型关节控制器的结合,集中了二者的优点和长处。分析了该控制器的结构、具体实现以及学习优化。仿真实验表明该智能控制器的实际效果良好     

高频事故下潮流转移性质和调速器状态转移控制

为了缓解500kV电网短路电流增长趋势,建设具有抗灾能力的智能电网,需要采取电源—电网—负荷融合的电网规划设计理念,将大容量机组接入220kV地区电网。为了解决由此而产生的"大机小网"高频稳定问题,文中提出了一种高频稳定控制方法。该方法根据高频事故时孤网潮流转移功率信号对调速器实施状态转移控制,能够使机组调速系统快速和准确地跟随孤网突变,将汽轮机组调速系统高频稳定裕度从当前的9%提高到50%以上,水电机组调速系统的性能也得到大幅提高,控制系统具有分散协调性、坚固性和兼容性,能够使灾害破坏下残余的送端电网具备生命自持的能力。最后,对机组潮流转移功率的性质进行了推导和仿真,并论述了调速器状态转移控制的方法、模型和仿真效果。     

Application of capacitive energy storage for transient performance improvement of power system

In this paper, a comparative transient performance of two types of single machine power system is analyzed. The two types of system configurations are viz. (i) automatic voltage regulator (AVR) loop with single input conventional power system stabilizer (CPSS) combined with automatic generation control (AGC) loop, (ii) AVR with CPSS combined with capacitive energy storage (CES) unit-based AGC loop. For AGC loop both thermal unit and hydro unit are individually considered. The thermal unit is considered with either single or double stage reheat turbine, hydro unit is considered with mechanical or electric governor. Integral controller is provided in the AGC loop. It is shown that the CES-based integral controlled AGC loop along with CPSS assists in the best transient performance of the power system in all cases under different operating conditions. Parameters of the CPSS installed in AVR loop, gains of the integral controller in AGC loop are optimized with the help of a novel particle swarm optimization, developed by the authors, called as craziness-based particle swarm optimization (CRPSO). Transient performance is carried out with 1% step perturbation in either reference voltage or load torque.     

某水电厂调速器压油罐常见故障分析及对策

压油罐是调速器的储能装置,万家寨水电厂GIDIPID1500型调速器压油罐在几年的运行中出现了多次故障,为了降低压油罐故障的发生率,保证机组安全稳定运行,通过分析油压罐的结构及工作原理,对曾出现过的各种故障进行了分类,并结合多年现场工作经验,对故障原因进行了分析,找出了引起故障发生的症结,提出了相应的改进措施。改进后现场运行中再未出现过类似故障,说明对油压罐的技术改进合理有效,对同类型装置的养护具有参考价值。     

An approach to the analysis of large perturbations in hydro-electric plants with Kaplan turbines

The paper presents a mathematical model of a hydro generating unit with a Kaplan turbine and the corresponding turbine governor, suitable for analysing large perturbations in the power frequency loop. An original method is proposed for representing the turbine characteristics, which considerably decreases the simulation computation time, as compared to the interpolation method. The simulation results are compared with measurements made on-site at the hydro-electric power plant Djerdap I. The model is further used to analyse the operation of the turbine governor and the influence its variable parameters have on the quality of response during large disturbances.     

利用水电机组水压反馈改善电力系统稳定性

通过对水电机组复杂非线性模型的仿真,研究了水轮机调速器控制规律对电力系统稳定性的影响,并提出了采用水压反馈改善电力系统稳定的控制思想。仿真研究结果表明：由于水电机组引水系统的水击效应,原动机的自动调节会恶化系统阻尼,使转子摇摆曲线的衰减速度明显减慢,而引入水压的微分反馈可加快振荡过程的衰减,有效改善电力系统的稳定性。文中所提方法简单,易于在水电机组调速器上实现。     

Development and field tests of a damping controller to mitigate electromechanical oscillations on large diesel generating units

This paper presents the development and field tests of a digital damping controller designed to mitigate intra-plant electromechanical oscillations via the speed governor system of fast acting units. The controller performance is assessed on an 18-MVA diesel generating unit, at Santana Power Plant (Amapá State, Amazon Region at Northern Brazil). In order to design the damping control law, a set of parametric ARX models representing the plant dynamics at several load conditions, are previously identified from data collected on field tests. The damping controller gains are calculated by using the identified ARX models parameters as inputs to a discrete-time pole-placement design method (pole-shifting) and then embedded on a DSP based microcontroller digital system, for field tests assessment. The digital damping controller modulates the diesel engine inlet valve position according to the observed oscillation on the measured electric power, using a PWM device, which is specially developed to this application. The experimental results shown the good performance of the developed controller on damping efficiently the electromechanical oscillations observed between generating units at Santana Power Plant.     

基于STD总线的微机调速器

本文提出了一种新型的调速器——基于STD总线的微机调速器。它不仅具有现有微机调速器的优点,而且还有以下特点:①具有高可靠性和较强的环境适应性;②其硬件结构适用于电力系统中由各种能量所驱动的发电机组的调速和励磁调节以及其他控制,使STD微机调速器最终成为一种通用控制机;③便于系统升格和增加功能;④便于与上位机接口和多机间的接口;⑤用PC机作为开发工具,并利用其丰富的资源。本文介绍了它的硬件配置和设计思想。