Effect of the length and the volume fraction of wavy steel fibers on the behavior of self-compacting concrete

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a highly workable concrete that fills formwork under its own weight (without any vibration or impact). It also passes easily through small spaces between reinforcement bars. The inclusion of fibers in such concrete limits the concrete shrinkage cracks at early age and enhances some of its properties. However, fibers may affect the flow characteristics of SCC. In this paper, three wavy steel fibers (SF) of different lengths, 35, 40, and 50 ± 2 mm with six different volume fractions (V_f) of 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1, 1.2, and 1.4% were used in SCC. The experimental results showed that the addition of SF with higher V_f content and longer length decreases the workability of SCC, reduces its passing ability and increases the possibility of blockage. Mechanical performances of concrete in terms of flexural strength and elasticity modulus were improved, where the slightly compressive strength decreased with an increase in V_f content of SF.     

混杂纤维增强高强混凝土性能研究

为研究钢纤维、聚乙烯醇纤维混杂比例对高强混凝土性能的影响,通过合理设计坍落度试验、力学强度试验、收缩试验、抗裂试验、抗氯离子侵蚀试验,对比评价了纤维混杂比例对高强混凝土工作性、抗折强度、收缩性、抗裂性能以及氯离子渗透系数的影响。结果表明,钢纤维和聚乙烯醇纤维降低了新拌混合物的工作性。与单掺纤维相比,混杂纤维对高强混凝土力学性能改善效果不明显,但可明显改善混凝土抗裂性能,开裂面积抑制率最大为95.8%,同时能使高强混凝土收缩率和氯离子分别降低27.7%和66.5%,明显提高高强混凝土的耐久性能。通过扫描电镜试验分析探讨了纤维增强混凝土的作用机理,结果表明混杂纤维对基体内部结构的改善实现了对混凝土宏观性能的提升,最终推荐采用0.75%(体积分数)钢纤维和0.25%(体积分数)聚乙烯醇纤维。     

Choice of thixotropic index to evaluate formwork pressure characteristics of self-consolidating concrete

Formwork lateral pressure exerted by concrete is affected by mixture composition, placement conditions, and formwork characteristics. The mixture composition includes binder type and content, supplementary cementitious materials, fillers, water-to-cementitious ratio, content and characteristics of coarse aggregate, paste volume, chemical admixtures, concrete unit weight, concrete consistency, and temperature. Thixotropy of concrete expressed here in terms of structural build-up at rest is employed to collectively reflect the effect of combined mix design factors on formwork pressure. This research demonstrates relationships between 12 indices that can be used to evaluate the structural build-up at rest of concrete, determined using portable vane, inclined plane, and concrete rheometer tests, and formwork pressure characteristics. These characteristics include the initial maximum pressure after casting and pressure decay. In total, 12 SCC batches and one conventional vibrated concrete were prepared with various consistency levels, coarse aggregate contents, sand-to-total aggregate ratios, and paste volumes to produce wide-range of thixotropic properties and formwork pressure. The results showed that concrete of greater level of thixotropy can develop greater structural build-up when left in rest and displays lower lateral pressure during placement and rapid decay of pressure thereafter. Statistical ranking of the 12 structural build-up indices suggested that the portable vane test can be the best to reflect structural build-up at rest of concrete.     

钢渣透水混凝土制备及其影响因素研究

研究了钢渣骨料粒径、级配、成型工艺及钢渣混凝土和易性对透水混凝土主要性能的影响.结果表明：钢渣透水混凝土以不超过10.0mm的中小粒径集料为好,采用静压成型工艺为宜.采用单粒径集料有利于在混凝土中形成连通的孔隙通道,提高混凝土的透水性.钢渣透水混凝土较合适的集胶比范围为4.0∶1～5∶1之间.相对于水灰比,混凝土的和易性对其强度和透水性影响更大,只有较好的和易性才能保证透水混凝土具有较高的强度和匀质性.     

固体废弃物作集料对混凝土氯离子传输性质的影响

采用再生集料、钢渣作集料,研究了集料种类及体积掺量对不同胶凝材料组成配制混凝土氯离子传输行为的影响。研究发现,随集料体积掺量的增加,不同胶凝材料组成配制普通集料混凝土和钢渣集料混凝土的氯离子迁移系数先减小后增大,在集料体积掺量为45%时达到最小值;再生集料混凝土的氯离子迁移系数逐渐增大。但钢渣集料替代普通集料并未对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能产生明显影响。在不同胶凝体系中,掺合料的掺入显著降低了混凝土的氯离子迁移系数,其中矿粉的效果优于粉煤灰。     

自密实混凝土研究进展

评述了自密实混凝土在其设计方法与制备技术领域的研究进展.深入调查了自密实混凝土拌合物工作性的测试与评价方法及其应用技术等方面的最新动态.综合分析了自密实混凝土拌合物的流变特性、硬化后的性能及其微观结构特征.对自密实混凝土的设计原理、工作性测试评价方法及其工程应用的发展前景进行了展望,指出了加强自密实混凝土施工质量控制措施及其质量保证体系研究的重要性.     

Investigation of brucite-fiber-reinforced concrete

Laboratory experiments were made on the brucite-fiber-reinforced concrete composites. Effects of brucite fiber grades and the dosage on flexural strength, compressive strength, impact strength, sulfate corrosion resistance and the slump, cohesiveness, as well as the water retentiveness were also investigated. Different water reducers were tested. The particle-size characteristics of brucite fibers, the densities of the concrete, and the viscosities of the fiber/water-reducer suspensions were also measured. Results show that proper addition of brucite fibers in concrete can improve the mechanical properties, especially the flexural strength. In the test, the optimum quantity was about 0.5 wt.% of concrete. With the dosage increase of brucite fibers in concrete, the fluidity and the density of the concrete decrease. The performance of the concrete strengths is the collective interactions of the fiber reinforcement and the density reduction. The aspect ratio and the surface area of brucite fibers are the important affecting factors to the workability and the mechanical properties of the fiber concrete. Larger aspect ratios and smaller surface areas benefit the reinforcement. Water reducers with lower fiber suspension viscosities are favorable in improving the workability and strengths of the brucite fiber concrete.     

钢渣混凝土性能优化研究综述

钢渣混凝土存在着诸多缺陷,限制了其在实际工程中的应用,因此本文探究并提出了钢渣混凝土性能优化方案。首先分析了钢渣对混凝土自重、和易性和体积安定性的不利影响,并建议了可行的优化方案。接着,从钢渣替代率的角度,对钢渣混凝土的耐久性能和力学性能进行了分析,发现合适比例的钢渣用量在混凝土中的再生利用是可行的,且钢渣混凝土的整体性能较优于普通混凝土。最后,在全文分析的基础之上,为了充分优化钢渣混凝土的性能,建议将钢渣作为粗、细骨料和钢渣粉的替代率控制在合理范围之内。本文旨在探究钢渣及其替代率对钢渣混凝土性能优化的影响,并建议可行的优化方案,为工程应用试验提供参考。     

PVC粗骨料混凝土的力学和吸能性能分析

将聚氯乙烯(PVC)软板进行粉碎得到级配良好的片状PVC颗粒以不同掺量等体积替代天然粗骨料后加入混凝土中制成试件,做单轴压缩试验和钢球自由落体冲击试验,得到立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、卸载弹性模量和能量吸收率,用来探究不同掺量的PVC粗骨料混凝土力学和吸能性能。结果表明,随PVC粗骨料掺量增加,混凝土的抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度均呈显著降低趋势,在实际工程中,PVC粗骨料掺量应该控制在20%左右;随PVC粗骨料掺量增加,混凝土脆性得到改善以及延性增强;混凝土的能量吸收能力随PVC粗骨料掺量增加呈显著增加趋势。     

Contribution of hybrid fibers on the properties of the high-strength lightweight concrete having good workability

The contribution of hybrid fibers to the workability, mechanical and shrinkage properties of lightweight concrete (LWC) with high strength and workability was investigated. The results show that adding fiber to the lightweight concrete mixture greatly reduces the sedimentation of aggregates during mixing and improves the uniformity of the mix; however, the slump value is reduced. Compared with single type of fibers, hybrid fibers significantly improve the mechanical properties and brittleness of lightweight concrete, and restrain the long-term shrinkage.     

Effect of polypropylene fibers on thermogravimetric properties of self‐compacting concrete at elevated temperatures

In this study, the effect of polypropylene (PP) fibers on thermogravimetric parameters of self‐compacting concrete (SCC) containing indigenous materials was investigated experimentally and statistically. The mixes containing cement, water, fly ash, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and super plasticizer, with the addition of PP fibers (0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.15%) by volume of the mixtures, were prepared. The physical properties of SCC were determined at elevated temperatures (200, 400, and 600 °C) after cooling in the laboratory. Regression models were developed to determine the responses, and the optimum amount of 0.05% PP fibers by volume was measured. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Thermal and mechanical properties of fiber reinforced high performance self-consolidating concrete at elevated temperatures

This paper presents the effect of temperature on thermal and mechanical properties of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) and fiber reinforced SCC (FRSCC). For thermal properties specific heat, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion were measured, whereas for mechanical properties compressive strength, tensile strength and elastic modulus were measured in the temperature range of 20–800 °C. Four SCC mixes, plain SCC, steel, polypropylene, and hybrid fiber reinforced SCC were considered in the test program. Data from mechanical property tests show that the presence of steel fibers enhances high temperature splitting tensile strength and elastic modulus of SCC. Also the thermal expansion of FRSCC is slightly higher than that of SCC in 20–1000 °C range. Data generated from these tests was utilized to develop simplified relations for expressing thermal and mechanical properties of SCC and FRSCC as a function of temperature.     

Effect of limestone filler BET(H2O)-area on the fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete

This paper presents a study on the use of limestone fillers with different specific surface area and their effect on the fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The surface area was determined by a simplified BET method using water vapour as adsorbate. A rheometer and a slump flow test were used to measure the flowability of fresh concrete. A concrete dilatometer was used to measure the autogenous shrinkage, and a ring-test for the plastic cracking tendency. The compressive strength was determined at 28 days. It was found that the measure of BET(H₂O)-area can be used to evaluate the water requirement for constant workability of the SCC, where a change in BET(H₂O)-area of 1000 m²/kg corresponds to approximately 0.8% in moisture content. The results showed that filler with a large area will result in an increased autogenous shrinkage, decreased evaporation, lower plastic cracking tendency, and a higher compressive strength. With additional water the results was the opposite.     

废PET塑料纤维对再生混凝土基本性能的影响

为了提高再生混凝土(RAC)的力学性能,将废聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)塑料瓶剪成纤维条制成纤维再生混凝土(FRRAC)。通过纤维再生混凝土与再生混凝土的坍落度试验和强度试验,研究废PET塑料纤维长度、掺量对再生混凝土基本性能的影响,并进行强度影响因素的显著性分析和混凝土微观结构分析。结果表明：与不掺纤维的再生混凝土相比,纤维再生混凝土的流动性降低,且随废PET塑料纤维掺量、长度的增大而下降;掺PET纤维后,再生混凝土的抗压强度总体上有所提高,劈裂抗拉强度明显大幅提高。对于抗压强度,废PET塑料纤维的掺量影响显著;对于劈裂抗拉强度,纤维掺量、长度及二者交互作用均影响显著。掺PET纤维虽然会引入薄弱的界面过渡区,但适量时可使再生混凝土结构致密。     

再生骨料取代率及矿物掺合料对混凝土力学性能的影响

试验研究了再生骨料取代率及矿物掺合料对混凝土力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：随着再生骨料取代率的增加,混凝土的和易性和强度呈下降趋势,当取代率超过60％时,混凝土的强度下降较快。再生骨料取代率为60％时,掺入适量矿物掺合料,使混凝土的和易性得以改善,强度影响不大。     

掺入塑钢纤维的轻骨料混凝土与钢筋间的力学性能研究

为了分析塑钢轻质骨料加入到混凝土中的力学以及粘结性能,基于试验研究并分析了影响混凝土试件力学以及粘结性能的影响因素,实验结果表明：加入不同比例的塑钢纤维混凝土试件的力学以及粘结性能均表现出了不同的变化特性,混凝土及砂浆的用水量、砂率的不同,会导致塑钢纤维对混凝土的增强效果差异较大;素混凝土的强度较高时,混凝土试件的粘结性能越高,并且其钢筋产生的位移大大降低;加入塑钢纤维的混凝土试件的力学以及粘结性能均会随着轻质骨料筒压的降低而降低。     

塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土抗压强度换算关系试验研究

为了研究塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土的轴心抗压强度(fc)与立方体抗压强度(fcu)的换算关系,通过432个标准棱柱体试件和标准立方体试件研究了塑钢纤维掺量、轻骨料种类和水灰比等影响因素对两种抗压强度关系的影响规律.结果表明:塑钢纤维掺量(5~13 kg/m3)、轻骨料种类和水灰比(0.32~0.4)对轴心抗压强度与立方体抗压强度比值(fc/fcu)无明显影响;经回归分析得到了fc与fcu相关性很好的线性关系方程;基于fc/fcu回归和数学统计分析,塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土fc相对于fcu的换算系数可取为0.80.     

自密实混凝土工作性测试方法

为了推动自密实混凝土的工程应用,发展自密实混凝土工作性的标准化测试方法非常必要.开发了一种自密实混凝土工作性的测试仪,并由此发展了相应的测试方法,该测试方法通过测试混凝土的流出时间、动态扩展度以及动态离析率3个参数来反映自密实混凝土的工作性.试验结果验证了这种新的方法能够有效地评价和反映自密实混凝土的工作性.与已有的方法相比,该新方法具有简单易操作的特点,而且能够反映混凝土拌合物动态情况下的工作性.     

煤矸石骨料及其改性技术研究进展

煤矸石作为煤炭开采和洗煤过程中产生的废弃物,大量堆放会给生态环境带来巨大的压力,以煤矸石为骨料生产混凝土符合绿色可持续发展理念。煤矸石骨料具有孔隙率大、针片状颗粒含量高的特性,会对混凝土性能产生较大负面影响。本文简述了煤矸石骨料的基本物化特性,综述了煤矸石骨料对混凝土工作性能、力学性能、耐久性以及界面过渡区的影响;在此基础上,针对煤矸石骨料存在的缺陷,重点综述了煤矸石骨料改性技术(表面包覆、水玻璃改性、热活化和微生物矿化等技术)的研究现状,指出了每种改性技术目前存在的问题及解决方法,并对其在混凝土中的研究方向进行了展望,以期推动煤矸石骨料在混凝土的应用与发展。     

基于分形理论和扩展有限元法的钢纤维混凝土损伤破坏机理

为研究钢纤维混凝土损伤破坏过程和裂纹发展演化机理,基于分形理论和扩展有限元法,建立钢纤维混凝土立方体抗拉试验细观有限元模型和切口梁三点弯曲试验有限元模型,以相关试验测试结果为基础,比较验证了所建有限元分析模型的可靠性。以裂纹分形维数表征钢纤维混凝土损伤演化过程,考察不同钢纤维体积掺量和长度、粗骨料形状等重要因素对钢纤维混凝土损伤演化过程的影响。结果表明,基于裂纹分形维数的损伤值可以较好地反映钢纤维混凝土的损伤演化过程及特征,钢纤维体积掺量、长度的增加和骨料形状的不规则化会延缓钢纤维混凝土立方体试件的损伤演化过程,钢纤维体积掺量、初始裂纹距跨中距离的增加和初始裂纹缝高比的减小可在较小程度上延缓钢纤维混凝土切口梁的损伤演化过程。