浅谈国内外微硅粉的应用发展现状

微硅粉作为工业硅和铁合金领域的常见副产物，我国仅2021年产量高达280万t。尽管微硅粉具有较好的火山灰活性，应用潜力大。但是由于技术、成本等原因，目前微硅粉的大规模开发利用还未找到合适的突破口，造成大量的微硅粉积压，给铁合金企业带来了较大的环保及场地费用压力。粉末状微硅粉的高效利用已成为行业迫切需要解决的难题之一。本文主要就近几年来国内外微硅粉在传统领域(水泥、混凝土、耐火材料领域)和新兴领域(橡胶、储能、分子筛合成和环保领域)的应用研发现状进行了综述，希望能为微硅粉的高效、资源化利用提供参考。     

微硅粉在国内外应用概述

微硅粉（硅灰）是从金属硅或硅铁等合金冶炼的烟气中回收的粉尘。本文对国内外微硅粉的回收和应用在混凝土、耐火材料、水泥生产等领域的情况进行了概述，并对微硅粉市场进行了调研，在此基础上进行了市场预测和前景展望。     

电子工业用超纯超细硅粉的研制

本文根据硅材料的特性以及电子工业对硅粉纯度和粒度的特殊要求，从硅粉的制取方法、原材料和磨具材质的选择以及酸浸出等方面作了讨论，并将制备的硅粉与日本的产品作了比较。     

微硅粉-碎硅石粉复合球团粒度组成对球团性能的影响

工业硅企业生产中产生大量微硅粉和碎硅石废弃物，通过制备微硅粉-碎硅石粉复合球团返炉冶炼，可以提高工业硅生产资源利用率，达到降本增效的目的。本文通过控制微硅粉-碎硅石粉复合球团的粒度组成来改善球团强度，最终得到强度满足生产要求的球团。当球团中微硅粉含量占比40%的优化条件下，微硅粉-碎硅石粉复合球团干球团落下强度15.5次，抗压强度2 197 N,热球团落下强度15.4次，抗压强度1 703 N。复合球团性能优越，满足生产要求。     

抑制高硅赤铁矿粉烧结矿自然粉化的试验研究

本次试验研究了配碳量及碱度对百灵山高硅赤铁矿粉烧结矿自然粉化的影响，并通过配加低硅料铁矿粉，有效地抑制了烧结矿的自然粉化。     

低碳锰硅、微碳锰硅铁合金还原脱磷的应用

介绍了还原脱磷技术用于铁合金生产的工艺流程,解决了适用于低碳锰硅合金及微碳锰硅合金脱磷的芯粉配方选择和防回磷保护渣选择及脱磷渣无害化处理方法选择的问题,为生产低成本的低磷低碳锰硅合金及微碳锰硅合金开辟出了一条新路。     

硅粉氮化新工艺中的定量研究

研究了几种氮化气氛对硅粉氮化产物的影响，用“归一化”处理的简单方法进行了Ｘ射线定量分析。分析结果表明，硅粉在氨气或氮，氢混合气气氛中，经两个阶段氮化能够较完全地转化为α－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４占主导地位的氮化硅粉末，而氮化时间相对于硅氮结合法较短。     

硅铁渣代替硅铁粉在电炉炼钢中的应用

本文概述了以硅铁渣粉全部代替硅铁粉在电炉炼钢扩散脱氧中的工业试验情况。试验表明:在冶炼一般钢种中可以硅渣粉取代硅铁粉,但要根据硅渣粉的硅和碳化硅的含量,适当增加其吨钢使用量。     

硅粉的综合利用

本文介绍了硅粉的物理化学特性,硅粉的加工、包装、运输及其综合利用。着重介绍了国内外对硅粉的两个重要利用途径,即用作水泥、混凝土的掺合料和低水泥耐火浇注料的添加剂。     

小配比矿粉对钒钛矿烧结的影响及其优化

为了提高钒钛烧结矿的冶金性能,某钢企引进了印度粉、伊朗粉和巴西高硅粉3种。分析了3种的化学成分、粒度组成以及宏观形貌,并进行了烧结杯实验。从烧结参数、烧结矿成品率和转鼓指数等方面分析了对钒钛烧结矿质量的影响,并提出了根据混料成分优化配料方案。认为:在混合料中硅含量较低时多使用巴西高硅粉;在垂直烧结速度较慢时多使用印度粉;伊朗粉性质居于巴西高硅粉和印度粉之间,可替代使用。     

合理利用我国高钼钨精矿

面对我国许多矿山选矿产出的高钼钨精矿(或次精矿)越来越多的状况,根据不同原料及不同用户需要,提出了合理利用我国高钼钨矿资源的几条途径。     

Classification of the properties of porous materials

Conclusions We suggested a generalized classification of the properties of PPM on the basis of which we distinguish in the total complex of properties two groups: structural and skeleton properties. A dialectical interrelation was established between the structural and skeleton properties as parts of one whole, and it was shown that each group contains primary and secondary properties between which there exist constant, stable interrelations. The properties of permeability, filtering and capillary properties are determined by structural properties, and properties of conductivity, strength, and physicochemical properties are determined by the skeleton properties. On the basis of the suggested classification and of the interrelations of properties of PPM established with its aid we submitted a procedure of predicting and devising PPM with specified properties.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No 12(288), pp. 72–76, December, 1986.     

Effect of Microstructure on Mechanical Properties of a Thin‐walled Cast Duplex Steel

The paper investigates the microstructure and the resulting mechanical properties of a duplex steel cast in sand dead‐moulds. The chemical composition and the cooling rate are the main parameters affecting the properties. The chemical composition influences the thermodynamics of the phase transformation, the cooling rate determines the kinetics of formation of the microstructure. The latter varies with changes in wall thickness (investigated from 2 to 7 mm) and the position of the material within the casting. Through heat treatment, the composition of the microstructural components can be changed selectively afterwards, thereby the properties are improved. The correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties is explained quantitatively. Additionally to the austenite‐ferrite ratio, the dispersion of microstructure has a large influence on the mechanical properties. Ranges of chemical composition and heat treatment parameters are identified where third phases, such as carbides and σ‐phase tend to occur. These influence the properties very sensitively even in small amounts. Finally, structural parameters are recognized that will lead to optimal combinations of properties. With an appropriate heat treatment technique, in particular the ductility properties are further increased.     

临氢设备用14Cr1MoR钢板的研制

本文详细地介绍了临氢设备用１４Ｃｒ１ＭｏＲ钢特厚板的性能研究。综合性能研究结果表明：研制的１４Ｃｒ１ＭｏＲ钢成分均匀，钢质纯净，夹杂物少；钢板各部位性能均匀，各向异性小，并具有良好的抗层状撕裂性能和具有良好的抗回火脆化能力；组织致密，综合性能优良。钢板各项性能远远超过研制技术条件的要求，达到或接近国外进口钢板实物水平。证明采用电弧炉＋ＬＦ／ＶＤ精炼＋４２００ｍｍ轧机轧制＋正火（加速冷却）＋回火工艺     

Present quality level of large heat resistant rotor forgings made of 1% CrMoV steel – Part II

While in part I mainly mechanical and toughness properties together with structural aspects have been dealt with now design properties are described. The basic properties for heat resistant rotor materials are traditionally the creep properties. So they are here investigated more in detail and it is shown that modern 1% CrMoV rotor steels have a quite similar creep behaviour both oil and air quenched. Long term high temperature exposure and its influence on the properties are as well mentioned as heat stability behaviour.     

钨合金珠的压溃性及其检测方法研究

为保证工程材料使用时的安全、可靠,必须对选用材料进行材质的有关性能检测,一般合金材料性能的检测采用常规的检测方法,对于钨合金珠等特殊制品却不宜采用常规性能的检测方法,采用压溃强度来表征钨合金材质性能,即要求合金珠在一定的压溃载荷下不开裂,且压缩应变量不超过额定值,才能保证材质的使用性能,作者推算出不同珠径的压溃强度与压缩应变量的关系,从而为微型制品性能检测提供了可行的测试方法。     

大型石油储罐用钢板的特征及开发现状

大型石油储罐用钢板开发历史较短,组织结构和性能要求苛刻且影响因素多,成分和生产工艺控制精细,生产技术难度较大,我国的相应开发和研究滞后。对钢板的成分特征、生产工艺特征、组织结构和性能特征及其影响因素进行了总结,简要介绍了国内外的开发现状并提出了开发建议。     

基于激光冲击的金属材料机械性能研究及影响分析

激光冲击是一种改善金属材料机械性能的最新技术,其原理主要在于通过对激光和金属材料之间所产生的强应力电波,也就是力学效应,促进金属材料机械性能的改善。本文主要通过激光冲击处理试验,对其试验过程和结果进行了分析,总结出了激光冲击下的金属材料机械性能中硬度、晶力以及疲劳寿命这三个方面的影响。本文主要对于基于激光冲击的金属材料机械性能研究及影响分析展开了探讨,以下为详细内容。     

高强度船板NVD(E)420钢板的研制开发

介绍了高强度船板NVD(E)420的生产工艺及性能,对钢板的成分-淬火组织及性能进行了研究。通过合理的低成分设计并结合现场生产经验,研究了工艺参数对力学性能的影响,找出合理的工艺参数,得到良好的实物性能,为在该领域向更高级别、更大厚度船板的开发提供了技术储备。     

Ultrafine high-cobalt hard alloys. II. Connection between mechanical properties and structure

The experimental dependences of strength, plastic properties, hardness, and fracture toughness on sintering or pressing temperature for ultrafine alloy WC-41 wt.% Co are presented. The alloy densifies in solid phase and temperature varies from 950 to 1250°C. The dependences of mechanical properties are extreme, excepting fracture toughness. The properties reach their maximum values at 1050 to 1150°C depending on the type of testing. Fracture toughness continuously increases with densification temperature. The highest values of some properties are reached after additional solid-phase annealing. The mechanical properties of ultrafine high-cobalt alloy samples are assessed with the use of structural parameters and empirical equations established for standard hard WC-Co alloys sintered in liquid phase. The calculated and experimental values of properties differ: transverse rupture strength, fracture toughness, and yield strength show higher values, while hardness and compressive strength have lower values as compared with calculated ones.