第3代核电(AP1000)关键设备工艺制造特点综述

AP1000作为一种第3代核电技术,相比于第2代压水堆,其核岛关键设备发生了许多明显的变化。然而,部分关键技术仍处于试制阶段,国内制造厂家缺乏相关的工艺技术和制造经验,给设备的国产化带来了巨大困难。通过对AP1000先进压水堆设备的制造特点进行分析,可以加深对第3代先进压水堆技术的了解,明确设备制造的难点以及国产化面临的一些问题,促进设备制造工作的顺利开展。     

三代核电常规岛设备制造质量控制

总结国内首台三代核电AP1000和EPR1700常规岛设备国产化制造质量控制经验,对核电常规岛产品制造质量保证体系的建立与实施进行介绍,并提出常规岛产品制造过程中的特殊质量控制要点.     

AP1000反应堆压力容器的制造难点与监造应对措施

文章阐述了AP1000反应堆压力容器的设计特点、制造难点,结合三门核电一期工程反应堆压力容器的制造及质量监督实践,特别是在制造过程中发生的具体案例,提出了一些经验反馈和监造应对措施,希望能够为三门核电及后续AP1000机组主设备的设备监造工作提供一些帮助和指导。     

首台AP1000三门核电站1号机组成功冷试

正世界首台AP1000核电机组——三门核电站1号机组于5月29日成功完成冷试,全面进入系统联调阶段.这标志着我国AP1000三代核电自主化依托项目取得重要突破.AP1000非能动压水堆核电技术,是我国从美国西屋公司引进消化吸收再创新的第三代核电技术,也是目前唯一一项通过美国核管理委员会最终设计批准的第三代核电技术.国核工程有限公司是首批AP1000核电项目工程管理的主体单位,承担浙江三门、山东海阳的四台核电机组的建设管理任务.冷试     

AP1000安全壳的优越性分析

福岛事故后,公众对于核电厂的安全性更加关注。而反应堆安全壳作为核电站最后一道安全屏障,其主要功能是能够在反应堆正常运行期间及事故工况下包容壳内的放射性物质,以避免对周围环境及社会公众造成危害。主要介绍第三代核电站AP1000的安全壳系统,并通过与现有二代堆安全壳对比的方式来论述AP1000安全壳系统的优越性。     

核电厂反应堆功率控制系统浅析

为更好的学习各反应堆的功率控制模式,通过对HTR-PM高温气冷堆,VVER-1000压水堆,CPR1000压水堆,AP1000等反应堆功率控制系统的分析和比较,研究表明,HTR-PM反应堆功率控制系统的控制模式最简单,具有较大的优越性,但HTR-PM的反应堆功率控制系统尚未真正的实际运行,其控制理念的实现尚需要不断优化和改进。     

我国第三代核电技术一览

正目前我国有5种第三代核电技术,分别是AP1000、CAP1400、华龙一号、法国核电技术(EPR)以及俄罗斯核电技术(WER)。AP1000技术是美国西屋公司研发的一种"非能动型压水堆核电技术"。2003年,中共中央作出引进美国西屋AP1000技术、合作建设自主化依托项目4台机组、在消化吸收引进技术基础上自主创新、成立国家核电技术公司等决定。目前我国应用AP1000技术的主要目标工程包括:山东海阳核电厂1、2号机组和浙江三门1、2号机组。     

晨曦是一新新气象的开始

山东海阳核电站建设现场,电站全部建成之后,将成为看迄今为止中国最大的核能发电项目。共计划6台百万千瓦级压水堆机组,并留有两台扩建余地,单机容量125万千瓦。一期工程建设2台美国西屋公司第三代核电技术AP1000百万千瓦级压水堆核电机组,预计投资达到400亿元人民币。     

AP1000核电项目采购进度偏差及应对措施

以AP1000三代核电项目为研究对象,从设计管理、设备制造、信息库、施工组织等几个方面对采购进度的影响加以研究,分析了国内某沿海AP1000依托项目采购进度偏差,对集团内后续AP1000新项目采购进度偏差管理及具体应对措施提出了相关建议。     

压水堆国家重大专项与CAP1400型号研发

<正>1概述1.1压水堆重大专项的提出为了保障能源安全、缓解环境压力、为国民经济发展提供引擎的同时避免对社会安全、环境和群众生活产生影响,规模化发展核电时必须寻求更高安全性与更好经济性的核电技术。因此,党中央、国务院确立了引进世界上当时最先进的AP1000非能动核电技术,并在引进消化吸收的基础上实施开发具有自主知识产权大型先进压水堆的国家重大科技专项的战略。国家科技重大专项的实施全面提升了整个中国核电工业界的技术、试验和设备制造能力,为核电的可持续健康发展奠定了坚实基础。     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

机车车轮多轴疲劳强度安全评定的研究

使用ANSYS8.0软件对高速列车车轮进行了三维有限元分析,计算出车轮在直线、曲线和道岔条件下牵引、制动共6种工况时孔边薄弱部位的应力,分别通过Mises等效平均应力方法、Sines平均主应力方法和应力分量中考虑平均应力方法计算出应力在极值位置时的等效应力幅、等效平均应力,从而进一步算出车轮的安全系数,对其疲劳强度进行评定,并对3种方法进行了比较研究。     

Constructal optimization of the geometry of an array of micro-channels

This paper documents the geometric optimization of an array of circular and non-circular ducts. The optimization was carried out numerically using finite volume method. As optimal dimensions were independent of the array configuration, the numerical simulation was performed on a unit cell. Numerical optimization for circular, square and isosceles right triangle cross-sections of channels was performed. Based on the results of this investigation, some correlations were proposed to predict the optimal hydraulic diameter and dimensionless heat transfer per unit volume. In addition to examining the effect of pressure drop on these parameters, it was showed that among the different geometries of this study, square cross-section has the most efficiency for a given volume. The numerical results of the present study were compared with approximate results reported in the literature which a good agreement was observed.     

固体热辐射Yong性能分析

本文对漫灰均温物体在常物性条件下对外辐射传热的Ｙｏｎｇ值计算建立了数学模型。通过与物体内能Ｙｏｎｇ公式的数值计算比较,得出了辐射能量的Ｙｏｎｇ值不大于内能Ｙｏｎｇ值的结论。从初步的热射Ｙｏｎｇ值计算公式发现。Ｙｏｎｇ与物体表面辐射率有关。     

Measurements of concentration distribution of hydrogen jet using deflection of center of the laser spot

The main purpose of this work is to propose a new method to evaluate the concentration distribution of the hydrogen jet by using a He–Ne laser through the jet. This research attempts to apply the expression of concentration Gaussian distribution, the refraction formula of inhomogeneous refractive index medium, and the concentration inversion function to disclose the displacement of the center of the laser spot at different heights in the gas jet. The spot images of the laser beam passing through the gas jet at three vertical heights z = 10d, 20d, 30d, and different radial positions are obtained. The radial spatial asymmetry of the gas jet is also found in the experiment. Finally, the calculated concentration distribution curve and the fluent simulation curve, it is found that the two results are very similar. Our findings show that the error between the concentration distribution of this method and the simulated concentration distribution reaches 2.43%.     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996