分子筛膜的制备和研究进展

本文综述了分子筛膜的各种制备方法,如原位水热合成法、晶种法、微波加热法、化学气相沉积法、脉冲激光蒸镀法等,介绍了分子筛膜在物质分离和膜催化反应等方面的应用,同时讨论了在分子筛膜制备过程中膜缺陷的形成及其消除方法,最后提出了分子筛膜的研究展望。     

3种壳聚糖膜的制备及性能比较

以壳聚糖为原料,采用流延法制备了壳聚糖膜、N-乙酰化壳聚糖膜。采用FTIR、XRD和SEN对3种膜的结构和形貌进行了表征,并比较了3种膜的性能。结果表明,N-乙酰化壳聚糖膜的力学性能和耐酸性能好于其它两种膜。     

PVDF树脂在水处理领域的应用现状

主要介绍了聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）树脂在水处理领域的应用情况,比较了市场上常用的PVDF树脂性能,并对由上述树脂制备的水处理膜性能进行对比。     

Some Characteristics of Pervaporation for Dilute Ethanol-Water Mixtures by Alcohol-Permselective Composite Membrane∗

Abstract

Zeolite-filled polydimethylsiloxane/polysulfone composite membranes were prepared and used to separate ethanol from dilute ethanol-water mixtures through a pervaporation process. During this process the relationship between flux (J) and temperature (T) is J = 597.95 exp(-E ₀/RT) (g/m²·h), E ₀ = 3.292 kJ/mol. The experimental results show that the flux decreases with increasing downstream pressure while the selectivity (α_EtOH/water) rises, the flux increases, and the selectivity decreases with a rise of feed concentration, and the flux as well as the selectivity increase with increasing bulk velocity on the upstream side of the membrane.

     

刺激响应膜:用于可控传质与分离过程的灵巧工具(英文)

As emerging artificial biomimetic membranes, smart or intelligent membranes that are able to respond to environmental stimuli are attracting ever-increasing interests from various fields. Their permeation properties including hydraulic permeability and diffusional permeability can be dramatically controlled or adjusted self-regulatively in response to small chemical and/or physical stimuli in their environments. Such environmental stimuli-responsive smart membranes could find myriad applications in numerous fields ranging from controlled release to separations. Here the trans-membrane mass-transfer and membrane separation is introduced as the beginning to initiate the requirement of smart membranes, and then bio-inspired design of environmental stimuli-responsive smart membranes and four essential elements for smart membranes are introduced and discussed. Next, smart membrane types and their applications as smart tools for controllable mass-transfer in controlled release and separations are reviewed. The research topics in the near future are also suggested.     

Tethered bimolecular lipid membranes—A novel model membrane platform

This contribution summarizes some of our efforts in designing, synthesizing, assembling, and characterizing functional tethered bimolecular lipid membranes (tBLMs) as a novel platform for biophysical studies of and with artificial membranes or for sensor development employing, e.g., membrane integral receptor proteins. Chemical coupling schemes based on thiol groups for Au substrates or silanes used in the case of oxide surfaces allow for the covalent and, hence, chemically and mechanically robust attachment of anchor lipids to the solid support, stabilizing the proximal layer of a tethered membrane on the transducer surface. Surface plasmon optics, the quartz crystal microbalance, fluorescence- and IR spectroscopies, and electrochemical techniques are used to characterize the build-up of these complex supramolecular interfacial architectures. We demonstrate, in particular, that bilayers with a specific electrical resistance of better than 10 MΩ cm² can be achieved routinely with this approach.The functionalization of the lipid membranes by the incorporation of peptides is demonstrated for the carrier valinomycin which shows in our tBLMs the expected discrimination by four orders of magnitude between the translocation of K⁺- and Na⁺-ions across the hydrophobic barrier. For the synthetic channel-forming peptide M2 the high electrical resistance of the bilayer with the correspondingly low background current allows for the recording of even single channel current fluctuations.From the many membrane proteins that we reconstituted so far we describe results obtained with the redox-protein cytochrome c oxidase. Here, we also use a genetically modified mutant with a His-tag at either the C- or the N-terminus for the oriented attachment of the protein via the NTA/Ni²⁺ approach. With this strategy, we not only can control the density of the immobilized functional units, we introduce a completely new and alternative concept for the stabilization of lipid bilayers, i.e., the protein-tethered membrane.Our efforts in experimentally characterizing the resulting membrane functions and correlating the data with the structural details of the bilayer architectures are complemented by theoretical studies modeling the electrical and electrochemical response of functional tethered lipid bilayer membranes by extended SPICE simulations.     

分离用固膜及其制备

本文简述了膜的分类和膜制备技术的发展概况,并对聚合物膜、无机膜和填充吸附剂的聚合物膜的材料、制作过程及其特点进行了系统的评述,同时指出了膜的发展趋势。     

膜法分离一/二价阳离子的研究进展

各类工业过程如水质软化、食用盐纯化、盐湖卤水提锂、酸和重金属资源回收等对一/二价阳离子高效分离的需求日益增长,近年来,针对上述分离体系的膜材料的研究取得了诸多进展。本文详细总结了针对一/二价阳离子分离的选择性阳离子交换膜、纳滤膜、支撑液膜和离子印迹膜的研究进展,重点梳理了相关膜材料的离子选择性优化思路和机理,对比分析了上述膜过程的特点和适用场景。基于此,作者认为,离子筛分精细化是膜分离技术的重要发展方向。在分子尺度明晰分离层的形成和演化机理,对于提高界面聚合反应可控度,实现在亚纳米尺度膜结构的精细调控至关重要。通过在膜基体内可控构建目标离子的特异性识别位点和传质通道,有望实现高选择性离子筛分。此外,具有本征规则孔道结构的新型分离膜材料,如MOFs、COFs、二维层状结构膜等,在精细筛分方面具有良好的发展潜力。     

The Separation Mechanism and Synthesis Methods of Nanofiltration Membranes

介绍了纳滤膜的作用机理以及纳滤膜的制备方法。其分离机理可以运用电荷模型（空间电荷模型和固定电荷模型）,细孔模型以及静电排斥和立体阻碍模型等来描述。随着纳滤膜日益广泛的应用,对其制备方法的研究也得到各研究部门的重视,在本文中我们主要讨论了几种常用的纳滤膜的制备方法。     

sol-gel法制备微孔SiO2分离膜的研究进展

微孔SiO2分离膜在气体分离、催化、膜反应器等领域有着巨大的应用潜力。本文首先简要介绍了获得微孔的两种途径，然后重点对sol—gel法制备微孔SiO2分离膜的研究进展进行综述。     

用盐桥支撑双分子层脂膜模拟研究锌离子跨细胞膜输运

采用盐桥支撑技术制备镶嵌胆固醇的双分子层卵磷脂(脑磷脂)膜,对膜配方、双分子层脂膜的稳定性、离子通透性、双层膜中胆固醇对离子通透性的影响等进行了研究,得到了最佳制膜工艺,并利用实验制备的双分子层脂膜模拟研究锌离子跨细胞膜的输运过程,建立了锌离子跨细胞膜的吸附．扩散模型,其计算值与实验值基本吻合。     

炭膜研究的新进展

介绍了近年来炭膜研究的新进展，并对支撑炭膜的制备方法，分离机理，性能及应用前景等进行了综述。     

二维膜的精密构筑和结构调控策略综述

膜分离技术效率高、能耗低,在水处理和气体分离等领域有重要应用。二维膜是一类新兴的分离膜,由高横纵比的二维纳米片组装而成,成膜容易、力学性能好、结构可设计、可调控;在实验室范围内实现了有机溶剂脱水、纳滤、离子截留、气体筛分等领域的高效分离,有望突破传统分离膜的性能上限;但目前对二维膜的研究仍处于初期阶段。如何对二维膜进行精密构筑和结构调控,以优化其分离性能,使之针对不同的分离体系、在各分离尺度达到理想的分离效果仍具挑战。面对如何提高二维膜的渗透性、选择性和稳定性这三项性能评价指标,本文综述了系列二维膜的精密构筑和结构调控方法,包括离子交联、客体材料插层、表面改性等,分别从二维膜的层间距调控、二维纳米片相互作用关系的调节、二维膜的通道有序性等方面设计与构筑二维膜的分离通道,以实现二维膜分离性能的全面提升。     

二氧化碳膜分离材料及其性能研究进展

CCUS是能源行业绿色发展的重要途经。与化学吸收法、变压吸附法和低温蒸馏法等传统工艺相比,膜分离方法具有低能耗、高效率、小型化、环境友好、易于与其他技术集成等优势。目前,膜材料的选择、改性以及对膜结构的重构是提高膜材料分离性能的关键。本文总结对比了有机聚合物膜、无机膜以及混合基质膜的研究进展,并对其分离机理、分离性能、改性研究以及用于制备混合基质膜的填充材料进行了综述,并进一步展望了CO₂分离膜材料性能改进的研究方向及膜分离技术所面临的挑战。     

手性拆分液膜及固膜的研究进展

对外消旋体的手性拆分是获得单-对映体的有效途径,在诸多拆分方法中,膜拆分法以其能耗低、易连续操作,易工业放大的优点受到广泛关注,被认为是最有前途的方法.本文将膜技术分为液膜和固膜两部分,分别介绍了两者在手性物质拆分中的研究进展,并总结了各种方法的优缺点,在此基础上提出了存在的问题和今后的研究方向.     

Influence of Ultrasonic Treatment on Various Membrane Materials: A Review

Ultrasound treatment is a feasible option for membrane cleaning but its exploitation is possible only if membranes withstand the treatment. In this review an overview of the literature concerning the membrane tolerance to ultrasonic irradiation is provided. The amount of available information concerning stability of membranes under exposure to ultrasound is limited. The tolerance to ultrasonic irradiation has been evaluated only for some membrane materials. The most examined material, polyvinylidenefluoride, stands up well to ultrasonic treatment compared to other tested materials. However, experimental arrangements differ significantly from each other and the comparison of membrane tolerances is challenging. The results of the review reveal that standardized test methods are needed for getting comparable information on membrane tolerances to ultrasound.